chapter6_determiners.ppt

1、Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,In a certain town in Persia there lived brothers, one was named Cassim, and other Ali Baba. Cassin had married a rich wife, and lived like lord and did nothing. While Ali Baba, who had married for love, and not for money, had to work hard for living. Every day he went

2、to cut wood and loaded his three asses with it, and then brought it back to sell in town.,Part I viewpoint: it is very imp II: Firstly, A good mood is helpful for our physical and mental health. A good mood can help us overcome lifes difficulties. Can help to build up harmonious relationship with ot

3、hers. conclusion,Fancy: A takes a fancy to B B takes the fancy of A Reach Within reach of the house Within the reach of the little baby Possession A is in p of B= B is in the p of A Fashion In/out of F In a fashion Paint in/after the fashion of Picasso Case: in case of; in the case of,Functions of D

4、et. Arrangement of different types of Det. In a single NP. Difference between “one” and “a/an” A diagram to sum up different types of reference and their respective Art.,Now day, while Ali Baba was in forest, he noticed great cloud of dust far off, and as it came nearer he saw that dust was made by

5、company of men galloping by. “They must be robbers,” said Ali Baba to himself trembling. Ali Baba was a cautious man; so hiding asses he climbed a tree which stood near great rock, and hid himself among branches, where he could see without being seen. By and by a band of horsemen appeared,Ali Baba c

6、ounted forty. When they came under tree, they all dismounted and began to take off saddle bags, which, Ali Baba guessed, were filled with gold. Then captain of band went up to rock, and in loud voice said, “Open sesame!”,Open sesame! Shut sesame!,Week 5: Chapters 6, 7Determiners,Lead-in: A room and

7、a bath,A room and a bath vs. A room and bath,A black and white dog A red and green dress A Chinese and English manual A writer and translator More on p81,With child-With the child By hand by the hand By day by the day Out of question out of the question On earth on the earth More on p 81,Chapters 6,

8、 7 Determiners,1. What are Determiners? 2. Collocations between determiners and nouns 3. Collocations between determiners 4. A comparative study of some determiner usage 5. Articles:Generic vs. Specific 6. More on “the” 7. Articles in use:Exercises,1. What are Determiners?,Determiners refer to words

9、 which are used in the premodification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that premodify the head word. All the college students (p5) His new book on phonology The authors new novel that will ,Determiners vs. Adjs,these enlightening Many good The useful My old books Three En

10、glish Johns new,A. Adjs describe the head word by showing its characteristics Determiners premodify the head word by identifying or quantifying. Identifiers:generic vs. specific Quantifiers: definite vs. indefinite Determiners p83,B. A nice man Nice a man? C. a/ the/ these? good man a? / the / these

11、 good men Few/ many/ little? /much? good people D. people old and young Books ancient and modern People many or few?,2. Collocations between determiners and nouns P61,2) determiners with singular count n only Either/ neither book vs. Either/ neither of the books Such a book, such an apple vs. No/ fe

12、w/some/ any/ two such books No/ some/ any such bread,3. Collocations between / co-occurrence of determiners p64,All the students All the three students All the three other students The all other three ? students Three subclasses according to relative positions: Predeterminers Central determiners Pos

13、tdeterminers,Word order of three subclasses of determiners Examples p65 Conclusions: A. Co-occurrence of determiners follows the order of pre-central-post determiners. B. Both Central determiners and predeterminers are mutually exclusive (互相排斥） Such, every p 66 Ex 6a, c d,4. A comparative study of s

14、ome determiner usage (others on p68),A(n) vs. one Fill in the blank a(n) or one in the following contexts. 1. Tom is talking about the town where he lives. Tom: Its not a very big town anyway, its about ( ) hundred thousand people.,2. Doris is talking about an exotic food experience she and her husb

15、and David had. Doris:It was full of garlic. David took ( ) mouthful and shot out of the room! 3. A customer in a film-processing shop asks how long his enlargements will take. Customer: When will they be ready? Assistant: They take ( ) week. Customer: ( ) week, right, thanks a lot.,4. Francis is tel

16、ling Nell how to make a cake. Francis: A hundred grams of flour to ( ) egg, yeah, mixed up in the bowl. Nell: Right. 5. Mary is talking about restaurants she goes to in London with her best friend Mary: Theres ( ) place we go to which is a Mexican restaurant, and they have a happy hour between 5:30

17、and 7:30.,6. Peter is remembering horrible tricks he and his schoolmates used to play on other boys when they were kids. Peter: There was ( ) lad they used to terrify, they used to tie dead birds on the inside of his desk!,Use one “one”,1. to emphasize one, not two, or three, etc. 2. to introduce th

18、e important event or person as the topic in narration or story-telling.,Differentiating,Take the pills two at a time. At one time they used to mine coal in these valleys. It will take more than an hour to finish the job. It will take more than one hour to,The gigantic water conservancy project requi

19、res more than a decade to complete. .more than one decade to,I speak as a man, not as a president. The audience stood as one man and applauded. One mans meat is another mans poison. Thats only one way of translating it, but there are other and better ways.,Idioms with either a(n) or one,In a/ one wo

20、rd Be of a/one mind: The people of the various nationalities are of a/one mind in building China into a modern country. At a/one blow He felled three enemy soldiers at a blow. A/one hundred percent: He is a/one hundred percent idiot. Ex:6 A C D,5. Articles: Generic vs. Specific (chapter 7),Articles:

21、 Definite, Indefinite, Zero,I) Generic Reference:,A tiger is dangerous.,The tiger is dangerous.,Tigers are dangerous.,The tigers are dangerous.,Which ones mean ?,reference to a whole class, rather than to individual and specified members of it.,Forms of Generic reference:,1. An ox is a useful animal

22、. 2. Galileo claimed he had invented the telescope. The horse has been replaced by the railroad, the windship and the steamship.,3. Doctors are badly needed at the front. Carrots are my favorite vegetables. 4. Unity is strength. Knowledge is power. 5. The rich get richer, and the poor get children.

23、The oppressed and the exploited wanted to free themselves from the oppressors.,Patterns for G.R. :,All the patternsdenote generic reference,But they are used for different situations and different styles,a/an + sing. N The + sing. N 0 + pl. N 0 + non count N The + Adj.,1. a/an + singular noun:,a. 最具

24、体，最口语化:着重表示一个类属中每一成员都具有的特点,c. 表达集合的群体概念时不能用这种模式。,How do you take care of a parrot?,A panda is going to be extinct.,b. 可在所有的语义环境中表达非正式的一般概念。,2. the + singular noun:,a. 类指的最正式用法:表示的是整个类属，表示与别的种类相区别的类属,b. 主要应用于报道性或技术性的文章,c. 相关的名词多是描述人，动物，人体器官， 植物，复杂的发明设计,不包括简单的非生命体,书能给人们带来无穷乐趣。,The book can bring peopl

25、e endless pleasure.,A book can bring people endless pleasure.,Books can bring people endless pleasure. The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals.,The US infantryman, while requiring far too luxurious logistical support, put up a nice fight in France.,More Example:,那个美国步兵在需要过于奢侈的后勤支持

26、的同时在法国进行了顽强的战斗.,美国步兵,3. 0 + plural noun:,a. 语体上稍欠正式:多着眼于这个类属中的成员的集合体,c. 应用范围没有太多限制,b. 介于模式1，2之间,Pandas are going to be extinct.,Books can bring people endless pleasure.,4. 0 + non count noun：,几乎适用于所有不可数名词,Sugar is bad for you.,Milk is good for you.,5. The + noun count noun：,只适用于几种疾病名词,the flu（流感）, t

27、he gout（痛风）the plague（疫斑）, the chickenpox (水痘),sing. N.,pl. N.,non count N,a/an,0,a/an,the,the,the,0,0,Frequently used,Rarely used,Frequency of use:,80%,90%,70%,60%,50%,6. a/an + non count noun:,a.用于具体，非正式语境,b.是需要小心对待的一种用法,c.这里的名词具有可数，不可数双重身份,d.他们的明显特征是都是从动词，形容词派生过来的 抽象名词用以表达一般性的概念,My doctor told me

28、 weight gaining can put a strain on my heat.,医生告诉我体重增加会加大心脏负荷。,7. The + plural noun:,a.使用有限,b.通常只用来类指有关宗教，民族， 社会，或职业及专业性质的人的集团,c.划分这一类人的标准是集团的隶属关系 而不是科学的类属概念,The communists are fighting for their ideals.,The terrorists are threatening the world peace.,The Pandas are going to be extinct.,The roses ar

29、e symbols of love.,8. 0 + singular noun：,a. 实际上是模式5的一种特殊情况,b. 此时的不可数名词同时也是可数名词,c. 表示抽象的活动或概念,He goes to church every Sunday.,Difficulty is not frightening.,9. a/an + non count noun:,a.用于具体，非正式语境,b.是需要小心对待的一种用法,c.这里的名词具有可数，不可数双重身份,d.他们的明显特征是都是从动词，形容词派生过来的 抽象名词用以表达一般性的概念,My doctor told me weight gaini

30、ng can put a strain on my heat.,医生告诉我体重增加会加大心脏负荷。,Specific reference: individual and specified members of a class,Definite: I have a dog and a cat. The cat is white and the dog, black. persons or objects referred to can be identified uniquely in the context or according to the common knowledge share

31、d by speaker and hearer.,Indefinite: I met an old man in the street. There is a letter for you. The streets are clean and are shaded with trees. She put carrots in the fridge. persons or objects referred to are limited and specific but can not be identified uniquely.,A tiger escaped from the zoo.,Th

32、e tiger escaped from the zoo.,Tigers escaped from the zoo.,The tigers escaped from the zoo.,Which ones are correct ?,D.S.R.,I. S. R.,I. S. R.,D.S.R.,Given specific and proper context, they all can be correct.,There are some tall trees before the house. These trees were left by my grand-grand father.

33、 Please tell us the story of Franklin. Here is the student I told you about. Would you please clean the blackboard. A: Whats the time? B: Well, the postman has just left. So its about 10.,Definite specific reference,Anaphoric specific reference: There are some tall trees before the house. These tree

34、s were left by my grand-grand father. Cataphoric specific reference: Please tell us the story of Franklin. Here is the student I told you about. Situational reference: Would you please clean the blackboard. A: Whats the time? B: Well, the postman has just left. So its about 10.,Anaphoric, Cataphoric

35、 and situational reference,Anaphoric reference,Cataphoric reference,Situational reference,mentioned in previous context,interpreted in following context,the common knowledge shared by speaker and hearer or on a specific situation in which the reference is made clear.,上文提过,下文修饰,共同所知,6. More on “the”1

36、). Fill in “the” in blanks if necessary,1. A. The state of womens health in the 1990s reflects the price of progress. B. The role of women in todays society has been achieved through centuries of major cultural changes. C. In this special health report we look into the causes and cures of your six m

37、ost common health complaints.,D. What makes us different from ( ) women of past decades is our range of choices. E. ( ) women of the other team all came from Cairo. F. ( ) owners of the three dangerous dogs had to pay a fine. G. Only in Americapsychologists for pets! ( ) owners of mentally disturbed

38、 dogs are now paying for pet psychologists to help them.,H. ( ) people who drink and drive should go to prison. I. ( ) people who made this mess should be ashamed of themselves.,D. What makes us different from women of past decades is our range of choices. E. The women of the other team all came fro

39、m Cairo. F. The owners of the three dangerous dogs had to pay a fine. G. Only in Americapsychologists for pets! Owners of mentally disturbed dogs are now paying for pet psychologists to help them.,H. People who drink and drive should go to prison. I. The people who made this mess should be ashamed o

40、f themselves. 当有介词词组或关系从句修饰时，要判断是否是1）没有限制的、广泛的、不可预知的人或事物，还是2）某个被限定的特殊的人、事物或群体，对此听者或读者可以断定、明白与之有关的事物。1）不用the; 2）要用the。,2). Fill in where possible “the”.,A. He said his name was Shakespeare. I knew he wasnt Shakespeare, but he was a good singer anyway. B. at an airport check-in desk Airline official:

41、How many bags are you checking in? Passenger: Just one.,C. Receptionist: So its just one person then? Bill: No, no, its for two of us. Receptionist: Oh, Im sorry. Right, two persons. D. the last time I saw her was three weeks ago. She was in England for one week. She phoned me on Wednesday and we me

42、t on Friday.,A. the + famous place or person I live in Rome, not the Rome, but a little village in Wales. I knew he wasnt the Paul McCartney. B. C. D “the” for emphasis. D. the day known to speaker and hearer.,3) Idioms with “the”,Thats not the point. . You dont understand. Lets stop talking about trivial details and come/get to the point. You are the boss. You got the wrong person: Im not Mike. . The truth hurts: Im so