托福写作强化.ppt

1、,TOEFL WRITING,GUZHENG,BETTY_KOOLIVE.COM,综合写作,独立写作,形式 时间 字数 题材,reading+listening +writing 20min 180-225 academic,writing 30min 400 non-academic,题型讲解,综合写作,独立写作,综合写作,近年来，韩剧风靡大江南北，尤其在女性观众中大受欢迎。然而， 看韩剧对女性智商，情商，以及家庭生活来说害处很多。 第一. 女性过多看韩剧会导致智商下降。因为韩剧大多叙事简单，观,看起来并不需要动脑子。很多结局在,始就可以猜测到。长期看韩,剧导致女性脑子惰性增长，懒于思考，智

2、商降低。,第二. 女性看韩剧同时会影响情商。由于韩剧女主角大多以犯 而受到男主角喜爱，从而得到完美的爱情。女性观看之后会,犯二 始模,仿，因而在现实生活中格格不入，人际交往受挫。 第三. 观看韩剧还是有害夫妻感情。有很多家庭中因为女方看韩剧而 导致矛盾，这些女性用韩剧中不现实的爱情观要求男性，还有的要 求丈夫整容成男主角的样子，导致感情破裂。,头段 - Thesis Statement,分论点1 - sub point 1,分论点2 - sub point 2,分论点3 - sub point 3,READING,LISTENING,总论点,韩剧有害,韩剧没害,分论点1,女性过多看韩剧会导 看

3、韩剧不会导致智商 致智商下降 下降,分论点2,女性看韩剧会同时影 响情商,不会影响情商,分论点3,观看韩剧还是有害夫 观看韩剧不会损害夫 妻感情 妻感情,独立写作,Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?,Parents are the best teachers.,Use specic reasons and examples to support your answer.,It is important for families have meals together regularly.,Technology makes

4、 peoples lives simpler rather than makes peoples lives more complicated. The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals.,头段,分论点1,分论点2,结尾段,Young people today are more likely to help others than young people in the past.,The world is rapidly developing; and correspondingly, peo

5、ple are progressing generation after generation. Currently, the young people have broader horizon, more enriched knowledge and greater ambition than their predecessors had; but unfortunately, they are also growing more indierent toward others than the people in the past.,To begin with, the current g

6、eneration of young people is even busier than one could imagine, which leaves them little time to help others out. When I was in high school, my greatest friend Sophia had a hard time dealing with her mathematics, which I happened to be procient in. As much as I wanted to help her with the dicult ma

7、th problems after class, I myself was occupied by so many other thingsevery day after school I needed to go to the English training club, and during the weekend my mother had arranged the cooking class, computer skill-training class and so on, because she thought it would be better for me if I could

8、 be more versatile. But how about the situation in the past? According to my mom, when they were at school, the competition was not really so erce, so students were not required to be engaged in so many extracurricular activities to sharpen their competitive edge. With more free time, of course they

9、 could care more about someone else other than themselves.,Second, the prevalence of the Internet is also a reason why young people today are less likely to help others. Why is this so? Today adolescents spend so much time searching and receiving information on the Internet, and some of the informat

10、ion is not only widely spread but also profoundly inuential to youngsters. For example, 3 years ago this piece of news was all the rage online: an old granny fell down when she was crossing the road. A nice young man saw her falling, ran towards her and tried to pull her up. However, the granny refu

11、sed him and cried out all of a sudden, claiming that it was this young man who pushed her down. She even asked for a,compensation of 1,000 yuan from the man. After this news was released on the Internet, there was a heated discussion online, and the majority of the youngsters agreed that “now that b

12、eing good is not appreciated and rewarded, I would rather be a by-passer.” As you can see, with more of the negative events taking place every day, and with the rapid spread of the negative news, young people are less bold to oer their help to those who are in need.,My idea is thus quite clear that

13、the youngsters today are less friendly than the young people in the past.,BUT THERE ARE OTHER WAYS,There are certain considerations or factors that everyone takes into account in a relationship. People may look for honesty, altruism, understanding, loyalty, being thoughtful etc! Everyone would more

14、or less wish that the person she is dealing with has some of these virtues above. Putting them in an order according to their importance, however, can be very subjective and relative.,When someone asks him/herself the question “What do I,consider to be the most important thing in my relationship?” t

15、he answer depends on a lot of factors such as how his/her earlier relationships were.,After stating that everyones opinion can be dierent about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in a relationship. Opposite of this is inarguably lying a

16、nd if someone needs to lie, either s/he is hiding something or is afraid of telling me something.,In any relationship of mine, I would wish that rst of all, the person,Im dealing with is honest. Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldnt like, s/hed better tell me the truth

17、 and not lie about it. Later on if I nd out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, thatd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough condence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relat

18、ionship from there? So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesnt think I,can handle the truth, theres no point continuing that relationship.,Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite of these behavior

19、s would not upset me as much as dishonesty would. Among all the possible behaviors, dishonesty is the only one for me that terminates how I feel about a persons reliability. Therefore honesty would be my rst concern and the most important consideration in a relationship,In this response the writer r

20、st approaches the topic by underscoring that a number of character traits are important to a relationship. The writer then eectively,develops an argument that unlike other negative behaviors, dishonesty or unwillingness to fully disclose some bad action cannot be forgiven and can be the most importa

21、nt factor in destroying a relationship. The writers language is uent, accurate, and varied enough to eectively support the progression and connection of ideas. There are a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical,questions. The essay is not mechanically perfect, but as long as such error

22、s are occasional, minor, and do not interfere with the readers understanding, an essay like this one can still earn a top score.,BOOKS / WEBSITES YOU NEED,Sports: Beauty: www. Fitness: ,Shopping: ; ; ; ; ocial websites Movies: ,Tech/Finance/News: ; ; ; Edu: ; itunes stores podcasts,SCORE RUBRICS,目标,

23、综合写作 = 4 独立写作 = 5,格式！,每段之间空行,每行顶格,标点后面空一格,手动大写！,AmE or BrE?,AmE or BrE?,AmE Apartment Bathroom Corn Elevator Eraser Soccer Honor Globalize Center,BrE Flat Toilet Maize Lift Rubber Football Honour Globalise Centre,Scoring Criteria,Well Developed! Well Organized! Language Use!,评分标准,准,审题,逻辑例证 词句语法,Eect

24、ively addresses the topic and task,Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplications, and/or details,Displays unity, progression, and coherence,Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, an

25、d idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.,AVOID REDUNDANCY,In conclusion, although I have to accept that it is imperative that something be done about creating a new holiday for people and nd the underlying thrust of the implied proposal utterly convincing, I cannot hel

26、p but feel wary of taking such,irrevocable steps and personally feel that a more measured approach would be more rewarding.,Language Use because of （名词）, since, because, as （句子）,干劲有力，原因采取排比的方式。,Practice,Do you agree or disagree,It is better to choose a friend with whom you can have fun than to choos

27、e a friend that will help you when you are in need.,同不同意 Taylor Swift 是一个slut。,很绿茶很,很多人认为TS是一个slut，但是我觉得 纯洁。 烂,头段方式二：反方观点+解释+自己观点,注意：,原因是客观事实,尽可能详细,很多人认为TS是一个slut，因为媒体曝光了,很多,的男朋友，小到15岁大到35岁，但是我认为她仍然 是纯洁的小龙女般的女孩儿。,拥有广泛的知识比拥有专业知识好。,科技让人们的生活更简单而不是更,杂。,语言： 1. 提出反方观点：someone argues/advocates/contends tha

28、t； I concede that,2. 因果,系的表达：,Adv.: therefore, hence, consequently, as a result； 句 型：the reason whyis that； 3. 转折：however, nevertheless, even so, despite that,Having broad knowledge in many academic subjects is better than having specialized knowledge in a specic subject.,Technology makes peoples li

29、fe simpler rather than more complicated.,现在的人比过去的人更容易接受教育。,头段方式三：背景,头个人观点,语言：,社会现象：it is a common phenomenon that,It is not rare to see that,It is a widespread phenomenon that 趋势：more and more , as ; with There is a growing tendency that,注意： （1）背景介绍可中立，可宏观，但背景不能和观点,负相,。,（2）背景之后可加入反方观点（不推荐）,People co

30、uld become educated now more easily than people could in the past.,In twenty years time, people will lead a more leisurely life.,Teachers should assign homework for students every day.,总结：,头方式一：个人观点 解释,头方式二：反方观点解释自己观点,头方式三：背景（社会现象，趋势，定义）自,己观点,段内展,主体段基本结构一：,主体段 = 主题句+说理+例证+小结,Group tours plan travele

31、rs entire itineraries. Because their trip has already been arranged, people do not have to worry about where they are going or how they are getting there. They can simply relax, enjoy their trip, and not get stressed out about anything. For example, my family once took a package tour to China. The t

32、ravel agency arranged everything. It took care of the hotel reservations, transportation, and sightseeing. My family did not have to worry about anything. We just looked at the schedule the travel agency had provided and followed it. Thanks to the travel agency, we could just relax and enjoy our ent

33、ire trip. This made things easier especially for my father since he did not have to worry every single minute about where we would go next. All in all, we had a great trip. Group tours take the anxiety of daily planning out of traveling and let travelers enjoy their vacations without any stress.,Gro

34、up tours plan travelers entire itineraries. Because their trip has already been arranged, people do not have to worry about where they are going or how they are getting there. They can simply relax, enjoy their trip, and not get stressed out about anything. For example, my family once took a package

35、 tour to China. The travel agency arranged everything. It took care of the hotel reservations, transportation, and sightseeing. My family did not have to worry about anything. We just looked at the schedule the travel agency had provided and followed it. Thanks to the travel agency, we could just re

36、lax and enjoy our entire trip. This made things easier on my father since he did not have to worry every single minute about where we would go next. All in all, we had a great trip. Group tours take the anxiety of daily planning out of traveling and let travelers enjoy their vacations without any st

37、ress.,家长和孩子在感情方面太过亲近。,Parents may be too close to their children,emotionally. For example, they may limit a childs freedom in the name of safety. A teacher may organize an educational trip to a big city, but a parent may think this trip is too dangerous. A,school may want to take the children campin

38、g, but a parent may be afraid of the child getting hurt. 主体段 = 主题句 + 纯例证 + 小结,当今人们比过去变得更加以自我为中心了。,Todays social reality has made people become far more self-centered than previous generations.,Normally, ones circle of contacts tends to focus more on those who are useful to satisfy their personal int

39、erests. Attention is gradually diverted from family relationships toward recreation and organization of prot groups. Such an abrupt change in peoples values had indeed resulted in their growing,indierence to their relationships with family members. 主体段 = 主题句 + 纯说理 + 小结,练习,宠物有助于培,孩子的责任感。,二、怎样说理？ 改善公共

40、交通有利于提高空气质量。,花钱做广告能,帮助一个企业增加利润。,问：老李去哪了？,答：今天是周末啊。,问：今天学校怎么那么干净？,答：因为领导来检查了。,说理需要step by step, 一环扣一环 改善公共交通有利于提高空气质量。,花钱做广告能,帮助一个企业增加利润。,用自己的知识解决问题是进行自我提升的好机会 年长的朋友能帮助我们成长。,因果,系：,1）副词 Hence, thus, therefore As a consequence, as a result, consequently 2）非限制性定语从句 3）状语从句:because, since, if 4) 特殊句型 The

41、比较级the 比较级,从书本中学习知识时，我们的学习效率更高。,书本 - 权威性 - 正,知识 - 避免弯路 - 效率高,书本 - 系统性 - 连贯学习知识 - 全面理解 - 效率高,练习：,阔视,在不同的地方生活能让年轻人丰富经历和 野。,Living in a new place enriches young people with life experiences and also broadens their minds. _, living in a new place allows young people to fully immerse into a new environme

42、nt and intimately contact the details of life there, which enables them to comprehend dierent cultures and values. _, a new living place provides one with great opportunity of making new friends with diverse backgrounds so that people learn to be open to dierent ideas. _, a new country means a new w

43、ay of living, which requires one to adopt new habits and try new things.,Living in a new place enriches young people with life experiences and also broadens their minds. Firstly_, living in a new place allows young people to fully immerse into a new environment and intimately contact the details of

44、life there, which enables them to comprehend dierent cultures and values. Secondly, a new living place provides one with great opportunity of making new friends with diverse backgrounds so that people learn to be open to dierent ideas. Thirdly, a new country means a new way of living, which requires

45、 one to adopt new habits and try new things.,并列说理,Firstly, on one hand, for one thing,secondly, on the other hand, for another thing topic sentence + 说理1 + 说理2,书本 - 权威性 - 正,知识 - 避免弯路 - 效率高,书本 - 系统性 - 连贯学习知识 - 全面理解 - 效率高,递进说理,练习：领导听取队员意见对团队有好处。,听取团队意见 - 满意和尊重 - 士气提高 - 提高效率， 有动力 - 凝聚力,First, a team le

46、ader should take advice from his or her team members simply because it is good for him or her to do so. If a leader or a team,collectively takes advice or suggestions from the regular members of the group, it _,satisfaction and respect among the team. This will boost company morale, which will _ imp

47、rove production and motivate team members to strive for team goals. _, team members will have strong faith in the leader and tightly work together.,First, a team leader should take advice from his or her team members simply because it is good for him or her to do so. If a leader or a team,collective

48、ly takes advice or suggestions from the regular members of the group, it breeds/,engenders satisfaction and respect among the team. This will boost company morale, which will _further_ improve production and motivate team members to strive for team goals. Subsequently_, team members will have strong

49、 faith in the leader and tightly work together.,递进说理,topic sentence 说理1 (lead to, engender) -说理2 (further, moreover) -说理3 (subsequently),练习： Enjoying hobbies or physical activities that are unrelated to work will allow you to become a better-rounded person.,做工作无,的activities遇见不同的人思想,撞,包容不同观点像他人学习知识技能

50、全面发展,对比说理,书的效率高,实践 大量时间花在零散的地方学习没有针对性效率不高,领导听取队员意见对团队有好处。,不听取意见不满伤团队士气影响工作进度,书本 权威性 正确知识 避免弯路 效率高,书本 系统性 连贯学习知识 全面理解 效率高,实践 大量时间花在零散的地方学习没有针对性,效率不高,On one hand, because of the authority the books have, we can make sure what we are learning is right to a large extent and in this way we can avoid goin

51、g to the wrong direction and thus have more eciency in learning. On the other hand, because the knowledge in the books is systematic, we can learn consecutively. After learning comprehensively, we can be more ecient in learning too. However, spending most of the time doing practices would be counter

52、-productive simply because doing tons of trivial things would cost much more time than we expect and thus we wont be ecient in learning. For example, learning a physical theory, such as gravity, from books would cost us less than 10 minutes, while it would take us even a day to do the experiment our

53、selves.,Topic sentence - 正面说理 - (however/ nevertheless) - 反面说理,练习：,集中注意力与工作效率及质量紧密相联。,看电视是了解外面世界最直接的途径。,怎样证明？,北京空气污染严重,Beijng has been suering from heavy air pollution for more than a decade and its air pollution even hit the headlines of those foreign media such as the New York Times, CNN or even t

54、hose tabloids in Indonesia, as the title of the worst pollution ever or etc. Personally I have been living in Beijing for more than 20 years and I can guarantee you that it denitely was not like this before. Several years ago, the sky was blue and the water clean. But now, from the data of some cert

55、ain media and of course my personal experience, blue skies are as rare as less than 4 days a month in winter and spring. And sometimes the AQI - Air Quality Index - goes beyond the index of 500, which means the air quality is extraordinarily bad and even toxic for human beings. So under these kind o

56、f circumstances, people wear masks going out and even worse, coughing has become such a common case that a new fab word even comes out of it as Beijing Cough.,On a societal level, history, no matter our failure or success, can always inform the current society. During the industrial revolution, Brit

57、ain had a booming heavy industry. While its productivity has surpassed that of the past eras by miles, its environment has also become seriously impacted. For many decades, London was deemed “the City of Fog”, immersed by air lled with industrial pollutants. People at that time had no experience of dealing with environmental issues,especially one brought about by industrialization. As a re