定语从句1剖析

1、2020/7/1,定语从句,2020/7/1,定语从句,定语从句及其相关概念; 关系代词引导的定语从句; 关系副词引导的定语从句; 由as引导的定语从句; 注意事项。,2020/7/1,一、定语从句及相关概念,定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。 如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 定语从句,2020/7/1,概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词 关系词

2、先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。 关系词,2020/7/1,2020/7/1,4.定语从句的分类： （1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果 没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。 （2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。 如： The man who/that came first is Mike. Ill never forget the day when we first met each other. His mothe

3、r does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health.,2020/7/1,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词和关系代词的种类,2020/7/1,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。 The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meeting. The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my

4、mother.,2020/7/1,判断步骤： （1）要判断出先行词 （2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分 （3）要确定关系代词的人称和数 注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 The woman who(that) spoken yesterday is my mother.,2020/7/1,2. 定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤： （1）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后） （2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格 （3）确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking t

5、o?,2020/7/1,3. 各关系代词的使用方法 （1）who（whom） who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。 例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary. She is the girl who/whom I met that day. The doctor to whom she sent her frirend is very famous. 注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用 a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who. b.当

6、先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese. c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. d.在there be 开头的句中用who,2020/7/1,(2)whose 是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。 I saw a woman whose bag w

7、as stolen. Please show me the bag whose cover is red. (3)that 只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能跟that，而跟which. His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health. 在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。 The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.,2020/7/1,有些情况下，只能用that，而不能用which. 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最

8、高 级形容词时. 先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时. 主句已有疑问词who或which时 先行词既有人又有物时 先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none,the one等代词时 先行词only, any, few ,little, no, all, one of, the same , the very等词修饰时 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用which, 另一个用that,2020/7/1,(4)which 在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that. 在限定性定语从句中，只用

9、which，而不用that的情况。 a.关系代词前有介词时 This is the hotel in which you will stay. b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which. Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.,2020/7/1,（5）关系代词与介词 1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。 例如：I want to find the pen with whi

10、ch I wrote that letter. 2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 例如：The man whom/who/that/可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai.,2020/7/1,（6）关系代词的省略 1. 条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。 2. 情况： a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时 b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾 例如：Here is the man that you have been looking for. c.关系代词在从句中做

11、表语时 例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be. d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。 例：I dont like the way (that)you talk to me.,2020/7/1,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 作用： （1）在定语从句中替代先行词 （2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用 （3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句 关系副词：where/when/why. 各关系代词的用法：,2020/7/1,where的用法：

12、 表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。 This is the house. I was born in the house. =This is the house where I was born. 先行词 关系副词 =This is the house which I was born in. =This is the house in which I was born. 注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系副词“,2020/7/1,2. when的用法： 表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。 We will never forget the day when join the party. 3. why的

13、用法： 表的原因，的理由。 The reason why I called is to invite you to a party. 注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。,2020/7/1,四、由as引导的定语从句,as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。 such as“像一样的”，“像之类” the sameas“和同样的 在着两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。 例如：This is the same thing as we are in need

14、of. Such people as you say are short now.,2020/7/1,2. such as such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。 例如：This book is not such as I hope. 3. the sameas/the same that “用一个” as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as. 例如：She is the same age as you that you are. 4. ,as “有些” 在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。 例如：He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.,2020/7/1,五、注意事项,1. what不引导定语从句 I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句） 2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义