车辆运用与管理VehicleOperationandMan

《车辆运用与管理》VehicleOperationandManagement任课教师：余建勇Lecturer:YuJianyong《车辆运用与管理》中欧班列（郑州）境内多式联运示意图乌局（哈萨克斯坦）：UB(Kazakhstan):阿拉山口口岸-德鲁巴运用车间AlashankouCrossing-DrupaUtilizationWorkshop哈局（后贝加尔）：HB(Zabaikalye):满洲里口岸-满洲里运用车间ManzhouliPort-ManzhouliUtilizationWorkshop…由于各国的车辆限界、设备、行车速度、车辆零部件的检修限度要求不同，为保证国际联运工作的顺利进行，编入联运的车辆，一定要符合途经线路的技术要求，如果车辆技术状态不符合标准，势必在国境站上造成换装或换乘。Duetothedifferentrequirementsofcarlimits,equipment,drivingspeed,andmaintenancelimitsofcarpartsinvariouscountries,inordertoensurethesmoothprogressofinternationalcombinedtransportwork,thecarsincorporatedintothecombinedtransportmustmeetthetechnicalrequirementsoftheroute,ifthetechnicalstatusofthecardoesnotmeetthestandard,itisboundtocauseachangeortransferattheborderstation.国际联运车辆Internationalthroughtransportcars《车辆运用与管理》目录Contents1.国际联运客车Internationalthroughtransportpassengercars2.国际联运货车Internationalthroughtransporttrucks《车辆运用与管理》国际联运车辆检修注意事项：国境站上必须有车辆交接机构和代表人员，由其确认交接车辆的技术状态，检修车辆并办理车辆交接手续；Theremustbeavehiclehandoverauthorityandrepresentativepersonnelatthenationalborderstationwhowillconfirmthetechnicalconditionofthevehiclebeinghandedover,overhaulthevehicleandcarryoutthevehiclehandoverprocedures;不符合国际联运标准的外国车辆可不接收，本国车辆不论其技术状态如何，必须接受；Foreigncarsthatdonotmeettheinternationalthroughtransportstandardsmaynotbeaccepted,anddomesticcarsmustbeacceptedregardlessoftheirtechnicalstatus;参加国际联运的外国运用车辆，其日常的技术保养，由该车行经的各列检所负责；定期修理，由所属国进行。在任何情况下，对故障车辆进行维修时，不得改变原车构造。Thedailytechnicalmaintenanceofforeign-usedcarsparticipatingininternationalthroughtransportshallbetheresponsibilityoftheinspectionstationsthroughwhichthecarspass;Regularrepairs,tobecarriedoutbythecountry.Inanycase,themaintenanceofthefaultycarshallnotaltertheoriginalcarconstruction.《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作一、国际联运客车技术要求Technicalrequirementsfor

internationalthroughtransportpassengercars车辆的横断面外形符合所经线路上各铁路的车辆限界。Thecross-sectionalshapeofthecarshallconformtothecarslimitsofallrailwaysontheroad.连接装置各部件非使用状态下，距轨面距离不得小于140mm。Allpartsoftheconnectingdeviceshallnothangdowntotherailsurfacelessthanwhennotinuse.电气设备零部件距轨面距离不得小于2000mm，车辆应适合于自由通过150m半径的曲线。Four,Thewheelbaseofthecarbogieshallnotbelessthan2000m.Thecarshouldbesuitableforfreepassagethrougha150radiuscurve.转向架轴距不得小于2m，能自由通过曲线半径150m的线路Theaxledistanceofthebogieshallnotbelessthan2m,anditcanfreelypassthroughthelinewithacurveradiusof150m.能在标准轨上运行的车辆，应涂打MC标记VehiclescapableofoperatingonstandardizedrailsshallbepaintedwithMCmarkings.……《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作国际联运客车的运用维修保养工作，除按《铁路客车运用维修规程》有关规定办理外，还应执行以下规定：Theoperation,repairandmaintenanceofinternationalintermodalcoaches,inadditiontotherelevantprovisionsofthe"RegulationsontheOperationandMaintenanceofRailwayCoaches",shouldalsoimplementthefollowingprovisions:1.凡编入国际铁路联运的客车，必须符合《国际铁路联运车辆使用规则》的规定。AllcoachesprogrammedforintermodaltransportbyinternationalrailroadsmustcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheRulesfortheUseofCarsinIntermodalTransportbyInternationalRailways.2.外国所属联运客车入境时，指定由入境局负责技术交接与检查。途经局及折返局应认真检查维修，发现故障及时处理并编制记录，保证行车安全。Whenforeign-ownedintermodalcoachesenterthecountry,theentrybureauisdesignatedtoberesponsiblefortechnicalhandoverandinspection.Thetransitbureauandthereturnbureaushouldcarefullyinspectandmaintainthebuses,promptlydealwithanymalfunctionsfoundandpreparerecordstoensurethesafetyofthebuses.3.联运过轨到国外的国内客车，应有专人进行维修保养，其宽轨转向架（包括发电机及传动装置）的维修保养及准轨转向架换下后停用期间的管理，由换装站所在地铁路局负责。车体和准轨转向架的维修保养由配属局负责。Domesticcoachesthatareintermodalizedovertherailtoforeigncountriesshouldhavespecialpersonneltocarryoutmaintenance,andthemaintenanceoftheirwide-railbogies(includinggeneratorsandtransmissions)andthemanagementduringtheperiodofdecommissioningafterthereplacementofquasi-railbogiesaretheresponsibilityoftherailroadbureausatthelocationofthechangeoverstations.Therepairandmaintenanceofthecarbodyandquasi-trackbogiesaretheresponsibilityofthebureautowhichtheyareassigned.4.客列检对通过国际列车按规定做技术检查和维修。ThePassengerTrainInspectioncarriesouttherequiredtechnicalinspectionsandrepairsoninternationaltrainspassingthroughthecountry.《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作二、国际联运货车Internationalthroughtransporttrucks1.参加国际联运的中方铁路货车须满足规定的技术要求。Chineserailroadwagonsparticipatingininternationalintermodaltransportationshallmeetthespecifiedtechnicalrequirements.2.必须涂打“

”联运标记Mustbemarked"MC"forintermodaltransportation.3.禁止涂打“

”联运标记的车辆Vehiclesbearingthe"MC"intermodalmarkingareprohibited.自备车、试验车、专用车、租出车等Ownedvehicles,testvehicles,specializedvehicles,rentedvehicles,etc.无自动制动机的铁路货车Railroadwagonswithoutautomaticbrakes.车轮轮辋宽度不足127mm的铁路货车Railroadwagonswithwheelrimslessthan127mmwide.禁止参加国际联运的铁路货车。Railroadwagonsparticipatingininternationalintermodaltransportareprohibited.MCMC外方不同车种车型的铁路货车（以下简称外方铁路货车）首次进入中方铁路参加国际联运前，须符合《国际联运货车使用规则》中有关铁路货车的技术要求和中方《技规》等标准要求后，经国铁集团批准方可进入中方铁路运行。Beforeforeignrailroadwagonsofdifferentcartypes(hereinafterreferredtoasforeignrailroadwagons)entertheChineserailroadsforthefirsttimetoparticipateininternationalintermodaltransportation,theyshallmeetthetechnicalrequirementsofrailroadwagonsintheRulesfortheUseofWagonsinInternationalIntermodalTransportationandtherequirementsofChina'sTechnicalRegulationsandotherstandards,andthentheyshallbeapprovedbySINOTRAFFICGroupbeforeenteringtheoperationoftheChineserailroads.（一）国际联运货车相关规定

Regulationsontrucksforinternationalintermodaltransportation《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作中方国境站技术交接作业场一般设在与外方铁路轨距相同的中方国境站车场。ThetechnicalhandoveryardoftheChineseborderstationisgenerallylocatedintheyardoftheChineseborderstationwiththesamegaugeasthatoftheforeignrailroad.国境站技术交接作业场主要负责外方铁路货车在中方铁路的国境站进行货物换装前或进入中方路运行前的国境技术交接工作；并派检车员驻外方国境站，负责对过渡进行货物换装的中方铁路货车办理技术交接工作。ThetechnicalhandoverworkplaceatthenationalborderstationismainlyresponsibleforthetechnicalhandoverofforeignrailroadwagonsatthenationalborderstationoftheChineserailroadsbeforetheyareloadedwithgoodsorbeforetheyentertheChineseroadforoperation;andtheinspectorsaresenttotheforeignnationalborderstationtobeinchargeofthetechnicalhandoverofChineserailroadwagonswhichareintransitionfortheloadingandunloadingofgoods.（二）国际联运货车技术交接Technicalhandoveroftrucksforinternationalintermodaltransportation1.我国国境站技术交接Technicalhandoverofournationalborderstations（1）接入外方铁路货车

Accesstoforeignrailroadwagons值班员接到车站接入外方列车的通知后，应在《国境站技术交接检查记录簿》中记录列车基本信息，通知作业组按技术交接作业程序，对入境的外方铁路货车进行技术交接检查。Uponreceivingthenotificationofthestationtoaccesstheforeigntrain,thedutyofficershallrecordthebasicinformationofthetrainintheRecordBookofTechnicalHandoverInspectionatStateBorderStations,andnotifytheoperationgrouptocarryoutthetechnicalhandoverinspectionoftheinboundforeignrailroadwagonsinaccordancewiththeproceduresofthetechnicalhandoveroperation.《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作检车员对办理交接的外方铁路货车，要在《检车员工作记录手册》中逐辆记录车种、车型、车号和发现铁路货车的故障，并及时将发现的外方铁路货车故障通知值班员，由值班员汇总后通知外方检车员对铁路货车故障进行现车确认。将确认属实的铁路货车故障填记《不良铁路货车登记簿》，作为外方铁路货车人境存在故障的原始依据，由中外双方检车员代表签章。交接发现外方铁路货车不符合《国际联运货车使用规则》中“国际联运铁路货车的技术要求”、定检过期或存在安全隐患故障时，禁止换装中方转向架或进入中方铁路运行。Thecarinspectorshallrecordthetype,modelandnumberoftheforeignrailwaytruckintheWorkRecordManualoftheCarInspector,andfindthefaultoftherailwaytruckonebyone,andnotifythedutyofficerofthefaultoftheforeignrailwaytruckintime,andthedutyofficershallnotifytheforeigncarinspectortoconfirmthefaultoftherailwaytruckaftercollectingtheinformation.TheconfirmedfaultsoftherailwayfreightcarshallberecordedintheDefectiveRailwayFreightCarRegisterastheoriginalbasisfortheexistenceoffaultsinthehumanenvironmentoftheforeignrailwayfreightcar,andtherepresentativesofthedomesticandforeigncarinspectorsshallsign.Whenitisfoundthattheforeignrailwayfreightcardoesnotmeetthe"TechnicalrequirementsforInternationalRailwayfreightcars"inthe"RulesfortheUseofInternationalthroughFreightCars",theinspectionhasexpiredorthereisapotentialsafetyfault,itisprohibitedtochangetheChinesebogiesorentertheChineserailwayoperation.（2）交出外方铁路货车Surrenderofforeignrailroadwagons接到车站交出外方列车的通知后，应在《国境站技术交接检查记录簿》中记录列车基本信息，通知作业组对出境的外方铁路货车按规定进行技术检查，按规定确保外方出境铁路货车在中方铁路的运行安全。对于外方检车员发现铁路货车存在的故障，中方检车员应在现场进行故障确认，并与接入的《不良铁路货车登记簿》记录核对，对接入时即存在铁路货车故障，须与外方检车员进行交涉，不形成外方铁路货车存在技术状态不良的“记录”。Uponreceivingthenotificationofhandingovertheforeigntrainfromthestation,thebasicinformationofthetrainshallberecordedinthe"TechnicalHandoverInspectionRecordBookoftheStateBorderStation",andtheoperationgroupshallbenotifiedtocarryoutthetechnicalinspectionoftheoutgoingforeignrailroadwagonsinaccordancewiththeregulations,andtoensuretheoperationsafetyoftheoutgoingrailroadwagonsoftheforeignpartyintheChineserailroadinaccordancewiththeregulations.Regardingthefaultsofrailroadwagonsfoundbytheforeigninspectors,theChineseinspectorsshallconfirmthefaultsonthespotandcheckthemwiththerecordsinthe"BadRailroadWagonRegister";forthefaultsofrailroadwagonsexistingatthetimeofaccessing,theyshallnegotiatewiththeforeigninspectorssoasnottoforma"record"oftheexistenceoftheforeignwagonsinabadtechnicalcondition.《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作2.外方国境站技术交接

Technicalhandoveratforeignborderstations（1）出境中方铁路货车OutboundChineserailroadwagons中方值班员接到外方国境站接入中方列车的通知后，应在《国境站技术交接检查记录簿》中记录列车基本信息，并通知交接检车员按规定与外方检车员进行现场技术交接。UponreceivingthenotificationofaccessingtheChinesetrainattheforeignstateborderstation,theChinesedutyofficershallrecordthebasicinformationofthetrainintheRecordBookofTechnicalHandoverInspectionatStateBorderStationsandnotifythehandoverinspectortocarryouton-sitetechnicalhandoverwiththeforeigninspectorinaccordancewiththeregulations.对外方检车员发现中方铁路货车存在的故障须进行现场确认，属实的铁路货车故障由外方填记《不良铁路货车登记簿》，作为中方铁路货车进入外方国境站存在故障的原始依据，中方检车员代表进行签章；同时中方检车员须将故障铁路货车的车种、车型、车号及故障名称记录在《检车员工作记录手册》中，并登记在中方铁路货车《出境货车故障记录簿》中备查。ForeigninspectorsfoundthattheChineserailroadwagonfailuremustbeconfirmedonthespot,therealrailroadwagonfailurebytheforeignpartytofillinthe"badrailroadwagonregister",astheChineserailroadwagontoentertheforeigncountryborderstationthereisafailureoftheoriginalbasisfortheChinesewagonrepresentativestosign;atthesametime,theChineseinspectorsmustbefaultyrailroadwagonsofthetypeofcar,carmodel,carnumberandfailureofthenameoftherecordsinthe"inspector'sworkrecordbooklet",andregisteredintheChineserailroadwagons,"OutboundWagonFailureRecordBook"forfurtherchecking.《车辆运用与管理》第三章车辆运用管理工作2.外方国境站技术交接

Technicalhandoveratforeignborderstations（2）入境中方铁路货车InboundChineserailroadwagons值班员接到外方国境站交出中方列车的通知后，应在《国境站技术交接检查记录簿》中记录列车基本信息，并通知交接检车员按规定对中方铁路货车进行技术交接作业。UponreceivingthenotificationofhandingovertheChinesetrainfromtheforeignstateborderstation,thedutyofficershallrecordthebasicinformationofthetraininthe"RecordBookofTechnicalHandoverInspectionatStateBorderStations"andnotifythehandoverinspectortocarryoutthetechnicalhandoveroperationoftheChineserailroadwagonsinaccordancewiththeregulations.交接中发现中方铁路货车存在故障时，应及时与《出境铁路货车故障记录簿》进行核对，对出境时无记录的故障铁路货车，应将车种，车型、车号及故障部位通知外方检车员在现场进行确认。属实故障应形成铁路货车存在技术状态不良的“记录”，交外方检车员代表在技术状态不良的“记录”（一式四份）上签章。HandoverfoundintheChi