甘肃省酒泉市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题 含解析

酒泉市普通高中2024~2025学年度第一学期期末考试高二英语考生注意：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时。请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：北师大版选择性必修Book1Unit1~Book2Unit4。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLinda’shusband?A.Clever.B.Quiet.C.Unfriendly.2.Whenwilltheweatherbefine?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahospital.B.Anairport.C.Ahotel.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Goingfishing.B.Doingsomehousework.C.Readingsomebooks.5.Howistheman’sbag?A.Itisquiteattractive.B.Itweighsalot.C.Itislargeinsize.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesthewomanusuallydoonSaturdays?A.Shegoesswimming.B.Shegoesshopping.C.Shedoeshousework.7.WhodoesthewomanusuallygotothecinemawithonFridaynights?A.Someofherfamilymembers.B.Personswholivenexttoher.C.Personssheknowswellandlikes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenthewomanandJiminthepast?A.Workmates.B.Cousins.C.Classmates.9.Whatisthewoman’sprofession?A.Afilmactress.B.Anartdirector.C.Amagazineeditor.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoesthewomanlivenow?A.InAmerica.B.InFrance.C.InCanada.11.Whatlanguageisthewomangoodat?A.Italian.B.French.C.Spanish.12.Whatdoesthewomanteachinaschool?A.English.B.Medicine.C.Maths.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InahotelB.Inapark.C.Inastadium.14.Howistheweathertoday?A.Rainy.B.Fine.C.Cloudy.15.HowwillthemanprobablygotoWrigleyField?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Byunderground.16.Whattimeisitnow?A.3:00pm.B.4:00pm.C.5:00pm.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallyreadinthegarden?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Anovel.18.Whathappen(s)athalfpastsixintheafternoonaccordingtothespeech?AConcertsinLiverpoolbegin.B.Thespeakercompletesherwork.C.Thespeakerleaveshomeforwork.19.Fromwhatplacedoesthespeakerusuallygohomebytaxi?A.Abuildingwithastageinit.B.Aplacewheregoodsareboughtandsold.C.Aplacewhereonecaneatamealandpayforit.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A.Sheisapianist.B.Sheisaguitarist.C.Sheisaviolinist.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInaworlddominatedbyconsumerism,thrifting(淘二手货)offersachancetoembraceuniquepieceswithcharacterandhistory.Hereistheguidetohowtoshopforsecond-handvinyl(黑胶唱片)intheUK.MonorailMusicMonorailMusic,locatedinGlasgow,isanindependentrecordstorethatcelebratestheloveofmusic.Itisaspecialplaceforthoseseekingbothpopularandundergroundreleases.Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.CrashRecordsCrashRecordsinLeedsisanindependentrecordstorethathasbecomeakeypartofthecity’smusicscene.Thestoreoffersabroadselectionofvinylrecords,CDsandcassettesacrossvariousgenres.Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.ElvisShakespeareLocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.Thisstoreoffersarelaxingatmosphereformusicloverstobrowsethroughvinylgems(精品)whilesurroundedbythecharmofabookshop.PiccadillyRecordsPiccadillyRecords,situatedintheheartofManchester,isalong-establishedindependentrecordstore.Withawiderangeofvinyl,CDsandcassettes,thestoreappealstovariousmusicalpreferences.Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.1.WhatmakesPiccadillyRecordsdifferentfromtherestrecordstores?A.Itisastoresetuprecently. B.Itemploysmusiciansasstaff.C.Ithostsregularmusicevents D.Itfocusesonunusualmusic.2.WhatdoMonorailMusicandCrashRecordshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideundergroundreleases. B.Theyoccupykeypositionsinthecity.C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtolocalartists. D.Theymainlysellhigh-endmusicproducts.3.Wherecanwefindbothbooksandrecords?A.ThestoreinGlasgow. B.ThestoreinEdinburgh.C.ThestoreinLeeds. D.ThestoreinManchester.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了在英国购买二手黑胶唱片的指南，推荐了四家具有特色的二手黑胶唱片店。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段PiccadillyRecords部分中的“Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.(知识渊博的员工和定期举办的店内活动使其成为音乐爱好者的必游之地。)”可知，PiccadillyRecords与其他唱片店不同的是，它定期举办音乐活动。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MonorailMusic中的“Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.(该店与当地艺术家有着紧密的联系，增添了它的魅力。)”和CrashRecords部分中的“Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.(CrashRecords以支持当地艺术家为重点，是发现新音乐的中心。)”可知，MonorailMusic和CrashRecords的共同点是它们都与当地艺术家有密切关系。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ElvisShakespeare部分中“LocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.

(ElvisShakespeare旧货店位于爱丁堡的波多贝罗社区，是一家独特的旧货店，既有黑胶唱片，也有大量的二手书。)”可知，在爱丁堡的商店里可以找到书籍和唱片。故选B项。BAyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift-$7,000,alegacy(遗产)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially,”saysDave.ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveanunexpectedlegacyfromtheHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000.ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything,”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden.“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatches’wishthattheirlegacy,alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents,wouldenrichthewholecommunityandlastforgenerationstocome.Neighborshelpingneighbors-thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFusses?A.Daveusedtoworkinthelocalschoolcafeteria.B.TheylosttheirhomesoonafterDavelosthisjob.C.Gerrieworkedasatruckdriverforasmallcompany.D.Davefounditchallengingtofindajobafterhisunemployment.5.HowdidtheHatchesgetmorethan$3million?A.Bysavingandaccumulatingthemoney.B.Byrunningtheirenterprisesandsellingproducts.C.Byreceivingthemoneyfromtheirlastgenerations.D.Bybeingcompensatedbytheinsurancecompanyfortheaccident.6.WhydidtheHatchespayforlocalchildrentoattendsummercamp?A.Theirparentslackedenoughmoney.B.Theirparentsturnedtothemforhelp.C.TheHatchesaskedthemiftheyneededanything.D.TheHatcheswerelookedafterbytheirparentsoften.7.HowdidalmostallthepeoplerespondtotheHatches’owningsomuchwealth?A.Theyfeltdoubtful. B.Theyfeltquitepleased.C.Itwaswithintheirimagination. D.Itwasoutoftheirexpectation.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了密歇根州西部的一对老年夫妇在去世后，给当地社区留下了超过300万美元的遗产，其中包括给多个家庭意想不到的巨额馈赠。文章通过讲述Hatches夫妇的故事，展现了邻里间互帮互助的美好品质。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.(一年前的8月，DaveFuss失去了在密歇根州西部一家小公司开卡车的工作。他的妻子Gerrie仍在当地学校的自助餐厅工作，但Dave的工作很少，而且所有东西的价格都在上涨。)”可知，Dave之前在密歇根州西部的一家小公司开大卡车，失业后他很难找到工作，而他的妻子Gerrie在当地学校的食堂工作。因此，Dave失业后找工作很困难。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.(作为大萧条时期的孩子，Ish和Arlene以储蓄的习惯而闻名。他们喜欢货比三家，经常从一家店逛到另一家店，在买新东西之前查看价格。)”可知，Hatches夫妇是大萧条时期的孩子，以节俭著称，喜欢货比三家，在购物前会一家一家商店地比较价格。因此，他们是通过节省和积累获得了超过300万美元的财富。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.

(多年来，Hatches在当地孩子的父母负担不起的情况下资助他们参加夏令营。)”可知，Hatches夫妇多年来一直为当地负担不起费用的孩子支付夏令营的费用。因此，他们这样做是因为这些孩子的父母没有足够的钱。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.(几乎所有人都惊讶于Hatches夫妇有这么多钱，超过300万美元——他们是一对老年夫妇，住在家族农场遗留下来的老房子里。)”可知，Hatches夫妇拥有超过300万美元的财富让几乎所有人都感到惊讶，因此几乎所有人都认为Hatches夫妇拥有这么多财富是出乎意料的。故选D。CEveryyearthousandsofpeoplecometothecityofPamplona,innorth-easternSpain,fortheopportunitytorunfortheirlivesassixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetown.Thereareinjuriesanddeathseveryyear,buttheeventisofinteresttomanypeople.ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.Thatisausefultopictoexplore.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.Perhapsunsurprisingly,theresearchersfoundthatrunnerspickedupspeedwhenthebullsdrewnear.Lessexpectedwasthefindingthatthespeedofindividualrunnersincreasedwiththedensityofthecrowd,whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.Yetitseemsthat,intheheatofthemoment,peoplepaylittleattentiontothedangerofcollidingwitheachother,anddonotslowdown.Theresponsibilitythereforefallsuponurbandesignerstoworkouthowbesttoplantheconstructionoffuturetunnels,bridgesandotherpassagesthatrestricttheflow.Theonlyoptionmaywellbetomakethemwider.8Whatdoesthepaperconcentrateon?A.Howsixfightingbullsappealtosomanypeople.B.Howbull-runscauseinjuriesanddeathseveryyear.C.HowsixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetownD.Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.9.Whyisadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattackmentionedinparagraph2?A.Peopleshouldlearnhowtodealwithsuchdisastersinaproperway.B.Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.C.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersoftenconsidersuchdisasters.D.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannerssometimesignoresuchdisasters.10.Whatisthelong-heldassumptionwhenthereisadangeroussituation?A.Peoplemaylosetheirmindsindisasters.B.Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.C.Peopletendtospeedupinhigh-densitycrowds.D.Peopleinpanickedcrowdscanbeunawareofthecollision.11.HowdidDr.Parisiandhisteamcarryouttheirresearch?A.Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.B.Byusingthemethodofreasoningandjudging.C.Byconsultingtheorganizersofthebull-runs.D.Bydoingexperimentswithsomevolunteers.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了西班牙潘普洛纳奔牛节上人群在恐慌状态下的奔跑行为为心理学家提供了研究机会，研究人员通过观察和实验发现人群密度增加时个体奔跑速度反而加快，这与传统建筑设计理念中人们为避免碰撞而放慢脚步的假设相悖，因此城市设计师需要更好地规划未来限制人流的隧道、桥梁等通道的建设，可能需要增加其宽度以提高安全性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.(一篇刚刚发表在《科学》杂志上的论文描述了这一事件对恐慌人群心理的启示。)”可知，这篇论文主要关注的是奔牛节是如何影响恐慌人群的心理和行为的。因此，选项D“Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.(奔牛节是如何影响恐慌人群的心理和行为的)”符合题意。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).(建筑师、土木工程师和城市规划者必须设法了解人们在火灾、洪水或恐怖袭击等灾难中的行为方式，以便他们设计建筑时可以避免潜在的致命碰撞。)”和第三句“Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.”(不幸的是，很难获得确切的信息。)以及第四句“DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.(这篇论文的主要作者丹尼尔·帕里西意识到，潘普洛纳的奔牛节提供了一个完美的自然实验。)”可知，建筑师、土木工程师和城市规划者在设计时会考虑像火灾、洪水或恐怖袭击等灾难的情况，但很难获得确切的信息，而潘普洛纳的奔牛节为他们提供了一个自然的实验场景，可以通过观察人们在奔牛节中的行为来推测他们在灾难中的行为。因此，提到这些灾难是为了说明人们在奔牛节中的行为和在灾难中的行为可能相似，选项B“Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.(人们在城市中看到牛奔跑时的行为和在灾难中的行为可能相同)”符合题意。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.(这与建筑和城市设计领域长期以来的一个假设相悖，即随着人群密度的增加，人们会放慢脚步，以降低碰撞的风险，这可能导致摔倒，甚至可能造成伤害或死亡。)”可知，在危险情况下，人们通常会放慢脚步以避免碰撞，这是长期以来的一个假设。因此，选项B“Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.(在拥挤的地区人们会放慢脚步)”符合题意。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.(2023年7月，帕里西博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳两个不同的屋顶位置，拍摄了动物被释放时奔跑的人们。)”和“Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.(后来，在实验室里，他们计算了奔跑者的速度、人群的密度、奔跑者绊倒和摔倒的可能性以及奔跑者群体密度与速度之间的关系。)”可知，帕里西博士和他的团队是通过观察奔牛节事件并分析收集到的信息来进行研究的。因此，选项A“Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.(通过观察事件和分析信息)”符合题意。故选A。DJapanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertility(生育)rateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023.TheMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfareofJapanonWednesdayreportedthatthetotalfertilityrate,whichistheaveragenumberofchildrenawomanisexpectedtohaveinherlifetime,fellto1.20,continuouslydroppingfortheeighthyear.ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.Meanwhile,thenumberofdeathsroseby6,886fromtheyearof2022,reachingarecordhighof1,575,936.Thenumberofmarriagesalsofell,droppingby30,213fromtheyearof2022to474,717,thelowestsinceWorldWarII.Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedeclining(下滑的)birthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowances(补贴)andparentalleave.Startingintheyearof2026,thisnewchild-rearingsupportwillbefundedbyhighermonthlyhealthinsurancefees.Keychangesincludeextendingchildallowancecoveragefromage15toage18andremovingtheincomelimitforparentsandguardians.Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.Othermeasuresincludeincreasedbenefitsforparentstakingchildcareleaveandexpandeddaycareservicesforchildren,regardlessoftheirparents’employment(就业)status.12.HowmanybabieswereborninJapanin2022?A.474,717. B.727,277. C.770,759. D.1,575,936.13.WhatisthemaintopicofParagraph3?A.Fallofthenumberofmarriages. B.Causesofthedecliningbirthrate.C.Effectsofthedecliningbirthrate. D.Challengeofbalancingworkandchildcare.14.Howcanparentswhohaveathirdchildbenefitfromthenewmeasures?A.Theywillbesuppliedwithfreemilkpowder. B.Theywillbeprovidedwithlow-renthousing.C.Theywillgetahighermonthlyallowance. D.Theywillgetmoremonthlysalaries.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.JapanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrateB.DaycareservicesforchildrenexpandedinJapanC.MoreyoungJapanesepeopleunwillingtomarryD.NumberofdeathsinJapanreachesarecordhigh【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了日本生育率和出生人数创历史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，包括扩大儿童补贴、延长育儿假等。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.(日本2023年的新生儿数量为727277人，比2022年减少了43482人，是1899年有记录以来的最低水平。)”可知，2023年日本出生婴儿数量比2022年减少了43482人，降至727277人，因此可以反推出2022年日本出生婴儿数量为727277+43482=770759人。故选C项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedecliningbirthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.(晚婚和经济问题通常被认为是出生率下降的原因。官员们表示，经济不稳定以及平衡工作和育儿的挑战等各种因素共同导致了这一危急局面。)”可知，晚婚和经济问题是生育率下降的原因，官员表示经济不稳定和工作与育儿之间难以平衡等多种因素共同导致了这一严峻形势，因此第三段主要讲述的是生育率下降的原因。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.

(此外，第三个或更多孩子的每月津贴将增加一倍，达到3万日元（192美元），这些变化将在几个月内生效。)”可知，有三个或更多孩子的家庭每月补贴将翻倍至30000日元（192美元），因此有三个孩子的父母可以从新措施中获得更高的每月补贴。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章第一段“Japanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertilityrateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023(随着2023年日本总生育率和出生人数创下历史新低，日本将采取更多法律措施支持生育。)”可知，日本2023年的总和生育率和出生人数创历史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，再根据最后一段“Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowancesandparentalleave(为了解决生育率下降的问题，日本周三通过了一项法律，扩大每月儿童补贴和育儿假)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是日本通过新法律增加生育率。A选项“Japanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrate(日本通过新法律提高出生率)”符合文章标题。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sTimetoGetStartedEverythingwedoinlifestartswithbabysteps.Inordertomakegreatprogresstowardyourgoals,nomatterhowbigorsmall,youhavetotakethefirststep.You’llhavemomentum(势头)bytakingthefirststep.____16____.Herearesomewaystogetstarted.Makeabravemove____17____.Doingsomethingtoactuallymakeithappenisanotherlevelofcommitmentaltogether.Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.____18____Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.Avoidturningyourdreamsandgoalsintosomeoneelse’s.HaveagoodattitudeDr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”____19____.Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.Itwillcarryyouthroughthehardtimes.Ipromise.You’llhaveagoodstartbyalwaysbeingpositive.HavealittlefaithNobodyknowswherethefirststepwilltakeyou.Andwhoknowsifitwillevenamounttoanything?But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.____20____.Knowingthateverythingwillworkoutasitshould.Goaheadandtaketheleap.Takethefirst,big,scary,awesome,life-changingandexcitingstep!A.BetruetoyourselfB.That’sagreattruthC.GetonwellwithothersD.AnyonecanconsiderdoingsomethingE.HavealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverseF.YouhadbetterthinktwicebeforeyoutakeactionG.Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.B20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们要勇敢迈出第一步去实现目标，介绍了一些开始行动的方法，包括要勇敢行动、倾听内心的声音、保持良好态度、拥有一点信心。【16题详解】上文“You’llhavemomentum(势头)bytakingthefirststep.(迈出第一步，你就会获得动力)”强调了迈出第一步的重要性；G选项“Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain(也许这是一个错误的开始，你不得不重新开始)”提到了可能需要重新开始，它作为对迈出第一步后可能面临挑战的承认，引出下文关于如何开始行动的建议，起到了过渡作用。故选G项。【17题详解】本段标题为“Makeabravemove(勇敢行动)”，强调勇敢迈出行动的重要性；D选项“Anyonecanconsiderdoingsomething(任何人都可以考虑做点什么)”作为段首句，引出下文关于实际行动的建议，该选项与后文“Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.(如果你一直想做或尝试一些新的或不同的事情，现在就下定决心去做吧)”实际行动的建议呼应，指出如果你一直想做或尝试一些新的或不同的事情，现在就下定决心去做，符合段意。故选D项。【18题详解】下文“Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.(如果你知道你是出于真诚和良好的意图而追随自己的内心，你就不会做错。经常倾听你内心的声音，保持真诚)”强调了忠于自己内心的重要性；A选项“Betruetoyourself(忠于自己)”作本段标题，直接点明本段主旨，即要忠于自己的内心，与下文内容紧密相连，故选A项。【19题详解】上文“Dr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”

(M·斯科特·佩克博士在他著名的开场白之一中说：‘生活是很艰难的。’)”强调生活是艰难的；B选项“That’sagreattruth(这是一个伟大的真理)”作为回应，表示对佩克博士观点的赞同，并引出下文“

Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.

(如果生活给我们带来挑战，那么最好以积极的态度面对它们)”关于如何面对生活挑战的建议，即“如果生活给我们带来了挑战，那么最好用积极的态度去面对它们。”故选B项。【20题详解】上文“But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.(但是，仅仅通过迈出第一步，你就掌握了自己的命运。可能性是无穷无尽的)”强调了迈出第一步的重要性以及未来的无限可能性；E选项“Havealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverse(对自己和宇宙多一点信任)”作为段尾句，总结了本段内容，即要对自己和宇宙有信心，相信未来会有好的结果，与上文内容紧密相连。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.That’swhy,in2022,thetwosistersstartedBooksLikeMe.Thenonprofitgroupsuppliesschoolswith____21____diverse(各式各样的)children’sbooks.“Wedidn’treallylike____22____afewyearsago,”Hailisaid.“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____23____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.Wethoughtwecould____24____thatwithstudents,becauseweknewthatthiswould____25____notonlyusbutalsootherchildren.”Sowiththehelpoftheirparents,thesistersstartedBooksLikeMe.“Thiswillmakechildrenfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandhelpthembuildself-confidence,”saidHaili.Sofar,theyhave____26____morethan16,000bookstoschoolsnationwide.Educatorssayit’simportantforyoungstudentstohave____27____children’sbooks____28____diversecharacters.Abookcanbea____29____,lettingchildrenseethemselves______30______initscharacters;itcanbeawindow,helpingchildrenseefromtheperspective(角度)ofdiversecharacterswith______31______andexperiencesdifferentfromtheirownAnitraCarter.anelementaryschoolteacher,said,“______32______fromBooksLikeMehavegottenmystudents______33______aboutreading.Itsparkssomethingtoseeacharacterthatlookssimilartothem.Diversecharactershelpchildrendevelopempathy(同感).”“Ihope,andIthinkthatallchildrenshouldseethemselvesinbooks.Weneedtobringaboutthe______34______changethatwewanttoseeintheworld.Weneedtohelpmakethisworldabetterplaceforfuture______35______,”saidHaili.21.A.anxiously B.culturally C.blindly D.innocently22.A.reading B.speaking C.writing D.listening23.A.appealto B.callon C.makeout D.looklike24.A.defend B.investigate C.share D.observe25.A.affect B.interrupt C.forgive D.honor26.A.setaside B.givenaway C.turneddown D.leftout27.A.animpacton B.doubtabout C.accessto D.asenseof28.A.featuring B.limiting C.directing D.expecting29.A.wall B.mirror C.bottle D.package30.A.restored B.resolved C.recovered D.reflected31.A.rocks B.sticks C.documents D.backgrounds32.A.Applications B.Creations C.Donations D.Regulations33.A.embarrassed B.upset C.excited D.cautious34.A.positive B.sudden C.strange D.formal35.A.technicians B.planners C.scholars D.generations【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海丽·史密斯和她的姐姐创建了一个名为“BooksLikeMe”的非营利组织，该组织致力于为学校提供多样化的儿童书籍，让孩子们能在书中找到与自己相似的角色，从而提高他们的阅读兴趣和自我认同感。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个非营利组织为学校提供具有文化多样性的儿童书籍。A.anxiously焦急地；B.culturally文化上地；C.blindly盲目地；D.innocently天真地。根据前文“Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.”可知，海丽·史密斯和她的姐姐认为如果孩子们觉得书中的角色与自己相似，他们就会更有阅读的动力，因此她们创建的这个非营利组织BooksLikeMe是为了提供具有文化多样性的儿童书籍，让孩子们能在书中找到与自己相似的角色。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“几年前我们真的不喜欢阅读，”海丽说。A.reading阅读；B.speaking说话；C.writing写作；D.listening听。根据后文“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____3____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.”可知，此处指她们之前不喜欢阅读，然后开始寻找与自己相似的角色的书。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我们开始寻找那些有我们看到的和自己相像角色的书。A.appealto呼吁，吸引；B.callon号召，要求；C.makeout辨认出，理解；D.looklike看起来像。根据前文“HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedt