有关陕北窑洞资料

陕北窑洞介绍窑洞，是中国北方黄土高原上特有的民居形式，中华民族的祖先就是在窑洞中生存、繁衍和壮大起来的。窑洞分土窑洞、石窑洞、砖窑洞、土基子窑洞、柳椽柳巴子窑洞和接口子窑洞多种。窑洞是黄土高原的产物，陕北农民的象征。在这里，沉积了古老的黄土地深层文化人民创造了陕北的窑洞艺术(民间艺术)。过去，一位农民辛勤劳作一生，最基本的愿望就是修建几孔窑洞。有了窑娶了妻才算成了家立了业。男人在黄土地上刨挖，女人则在土窑洞里操持家务、生儿育女。小小窑洞浓缩了黄土地的别样风情。深达一二百米、极难渗水、直立性很强的黄土，为窑洞提供了很好的发展前提。同时，气候干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、木材较少等自然状况，也为冬暖夏凉、十分经济、不需木材的窑洞，创造了发展和延续的契机。由于自然环境、地貌特征和地方风土的影响，窑洞形成各式各样的形式。但从建筑的布局结构形式上划分可归纳为靠崖式、下沉式和独立式三种形式。陕北延安窑洞，其中夹杂着窑洞式平顶房。窑洞是自然图景和生活图景的有针对传统在陕西省北部地区窑洞,基于窑洞及其开发环境,本文分析了窑洞建筑特点和使用价值及其发展陕西北部,然后指出,窑洞发展被减少到一个尴尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,优势,劣势,机会和威胁的山洞被总结。在优势方面,窑洞的生态优势为本地建筑,建于根据当地条件,解决土地、能源和环境问题在黄土高原,和丰富的美学价值本机功能。的弱点,村庄布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室内通风和照明不足,simpl模式和空间机结合，渗透着人们对黄土地的热爱和眷恋之情。窑洞防火，防噪音，冬暖夏凉，既节省土地，又经济省工，确是因地制宜的完美建筑形式。人们利用黄土的特性，挖洞造室修成的窑洞叫土窑洞，一般深7—8米，高3米多，宽3米左右，最深的可达20米。窗户有两种，一种是1平方米左右的小方窗；另一种是约3—4平方米的圆窗。其特点是冬暖夏凉。用石头作建筑材料，深7—9米，宽、高皆为3米左右的石拱洞，叫石窑洞。砖窑的式样、建筑方法和石窑洞一样，外表美观。一院窑洞一般修3孔或5孔，中窑为正窑，有的分前后窑，有的1进3开。窑洞一般修在山腰或山脚下的向阳之处，窑洞上面的脑畔多栽树木和花草Caves,isauniquelocal-styledwellinghousesformonloessplateauinnorthernChina,istheancestoroftheChinesepeopleliveincaves,breedingandgrowingup.CaveTuYaoDong,brickstonecave,cave,cave,soilbasewillowrafterLiuBaZicaveandcutcavevariety.Caveistheproductoftheloessplateau,asymbolofnorthernshaanxifarmers.Here,deposittheancientpeoplecreatedthedeepculturebackgroundofshanbeicaveart(folkart).Inthepast,afarmerworkedhardlife,themostbasicwishistobuildafewholecaves.Thekilntookawifeisahomemade.Manduginthebackground,womeninTuYaoDonghouseworkandchildren.Asmallcaveenrichmentofanotheramorousfeelings.YiErBaimeters,waterseepage,orthostaticstrongloessextremelyhard,forthecavedevelopmentprovidesagoodpremise.Atthesametime,theclimateisdrylittlerain,wintercoldandlessnaturalconditionssuchaslumber,alsoiswarminwinterandcoolinsummer,InviewoftraditionalhouseinnorthernareaofShaanxiProvincewhichwascavedwelling,basedoncavedwellinganditsdevelopmentenvironment,thepaperhadanalyzedarchitecturalcharacteristicsandusevalueofcavedwellinganditsdevelopmentinnorthernShaanxi,andthenpointedoutthatcavedwellingdevelopmenthadbeenreducedintoanawkwardsituation.ByusingSWOTanalysismethod,thestrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreatsofcavedwellingshadbeensummarized.Intermsofstrengths,cavedwellinghadecologicaladvantageasnativearchitecture,wasconstructedbasedonlocalconditions,couldsolveland,energyandenvironmentproblemsonLoessPlateau,andaboundedinaestheticvalueofnativefeature.Intermsofweaknesses,villagelayoutlackedofintegrity,transportationwasnotconvenient,indoorventilationandlightingwereinsufficient,andpatternandspaceweresimplifiedandstereotyped.Intermsofopportunities,itstressedarchitecturalecologyhavingreceivedmoreandmoreattentionintheworld,andexplorationandapplicationofundergroundcivilarchitecture.Intermsofthreats,itliedinconstructiontechnologyofcavedwelling,contradictionbetweencavedwellingandurbanizationandbetweencavedwellingandmodernlife,andmanagementmodeofrestrictedtype.Onthisbasis,itsuggestedthatcavedwellingdevelopmentinnorthernShaanxishouldtransformpeople'straditio-nalconceptthroughcorrectguidanceofpublicvoice;strivetoeliminateweaknessofcavedwelling;improvecaveenvironmentbyenhancinginfrastructureconstruction;developcharacteristiccavedwellingculturaltourisminnorthernShaanxi,andconstructnewsocialistcountrysideofnorthernShaanxicharacter.针对传统在陕西省北部地区窑洞,基于窑洞及其开发环境,本文分析了窑洞建筑特点和使用价值及其发展陕西北部,然后指出,窑洞发展被减少到一个尴尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,优势,劣势,机会和威胁的山洞被总结。在优势方面,窑洞的生态优势为本地建筑,建于根据当地条件,解决土地、能源和环境问题在黄土高原,和丰富的美学价值本机功能。的弱点,村庄布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室内通风和照明不足,simpl模式和空间18.StudiesonTraceElementCompositionsofLaohudongGuanWareandRuGuanWare;老虎洞窑和汝官窑瓷微量元素的研究AsatypeofdwellingexistingonlyinChina,thefarmers'cavesinShaanxiProvince,especiallyinNorthernShaanxi,areuniquetraveldestinations.InsomeareasofShaanxiProvincesuchastheYan'anarea,farmers'cavesabound.Farmers'cavesaregenerallybuiltintoamountain.InShaanxiProvincetherearetwobasictypes,thestonecaveandtheearthcave.Thestonecaveiscutintothesideofaprecipitouscliff,whileanearthcaveiscutintotheyellowearthlayers.Cavesriselayeruponlayerlookinglikestoriesofabuilding.Afarmer'scaveisusually5-7meters(16.4-23.0feet)long,3-4meters(9.8-13.1feet)wideand2-5meters(6.6-16.4feet)high.Thecavehasasemicirculardooroffieldstoneandwindowswithexquisitesashbarssetlikefanribs,themostbeautifulanddaintypartsofthecave.Vaultedwindowshavebeautifuldesignsinwoodensashbarsdecoratedwithfolkpapercuttings.Afarmer'scavehasseveraluniquecharacteristics:First,itisquiet;alsoitiswarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Itscreationdidnotdamagetheenvironmentorusurpfarmland.AsearlyastheNeolithicAge,usingwoodenframework,grass,andsoil,clansinhabitingthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiverbuiltsimpleshallowcavesinnaturalearthholesinthemountains.Gradually,livingincaveswasapracticehanded