2021高考英语阅读类训练(1)及答案【上海市三月版】

2021高考英语阅读类训练（1）及答案【上海市三月版】【由上海市徐汇区2022诊断卷改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Itisevidentthatthereisacloseconnectionbetweenthecapacitytouselanguageandthecapacitiescoveredbytheverb“tothink”.Indeed,somewritershaveidentifiedthinkingwithusingwords:Platocoinedthesaying,“Inthinkingthesoulistalkingtoitself”;J.B.Watsonreducedthinkingtoinhibited(拘谨的)speechlocatedintheminute(微小的)movementsortensionsofthephysiologicalmechanismsinvolvedinspeaking;andalthoughRyleiscarefultopointoutthattherearemanysensesinwhichapersonissaidtothinkandinwhichwordsarenotinevidence,hehasalsosaidthatsayingsomethinginaspecificframeofmindisthinkingathought.Isthinkingreducibleto,ordependentupon,languagehabits?Itwouldseemthatmanythinkingsituationsarehardlydistinguishablefromtheskillfuluseoflanguage,althoughtherearesomeothersinwhichlanguageisnotinvolved.Thoughtcannotbesimplyidentifiedwithusinglanguage.Itmaybethecase,ofcourse,thatthenon-linguisticskillsinvolvedinthoughtcanonlybeacquiredanddevelopedifthelearnerisabletouseandunderstandlanguage.However,thisquestionisonewhichwecannothopetoanswerinthisbook.Obviouslybeingabletouselanguagemakesforaconsiderabledevelopmentinallone’scapacitiesbuthowpreciselythiscomesaboutwecannotsay.Atthecommon-senselevelitappearsthatthereisoftenadistinctionbetweenthoughtandthewordsweemploytocommunicatewithotherpeople.Weoftenhavetostrugglehardtofindwordstocapturewhatourthinkinghasalreadygrasped,andwhenwedofindwordswesometimesfeelthattheyfailtodotheirjobproperly.Againwhenwereportordescribeourthinkingtootherpeoplewedonotmerelyreportunspokenwordsandsentences.Suchsentencesdonotalwaysoccurinthinking,andwhentheydotheyaremergedwithvagueimageryandthehintofunconsciousorsubliminal（潜意识）activitiesgoingonjustoutofrage.Thinking,asithappens,ismorelikestruggling,striving,orsearchingforsomethingthanitisliketalkingorreading.Againthestudyofspeechdisordersduetobraininjurydiseasesuggeststhatpatientscanthinkwithouthavingadequatecontrolovertheirlanguage.Somepatients,forexample,failtofindthenamesofobjectspresentedtothemandareunabletodescribesimpleeventswhichtheywitness;theyevenfinditdifficulttointerpretlongwrittennotices.Buttheysucceedinplayinggamesofchessordraughts.Theycanusetheconceptsneededforchessplayingordraughtplayingbutareunabletousemanyoftheconceptsinordinarylanguage.Howtheymanagetodothiswedonotknow.Presumablyhumanbeingshavevariouscapacitiesforthinkingsituationswhicharelikewiseindependentoflanguage.1、Accordingtothetheoryof"thought"devisedbyJ.B.Watson,thinkingis_______.

A.talkingtothesoul B.concealedspeech

C.speakingnonverbally D.anon-linguisticbehavior2、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthinking?

A.Theabilitytouselanguageenhancesone’scapacityofthinking.

B.Wordsandthinkingmatchmoreoftenthannot.

C.Thinkingnevergoeswithoutlanguage.

D.Languageandthinkingaregenerallydistinguishable.3、Accordingtotheauthor,whenweintendtodescribeourthoughts,we______.

A.merelyreportinternalspeech

B.havetosearchforproperwordsinthewayweread

C.areoverwhelmedwithvagueimagery

D.sometimesarenotabletofindappropriatewords4、Whyarepatientswithspeechdisordersabletothinkwithouthavingadequatecontroloflanguage?

A.Theyusedifferentconcepts. B.Theydonotthinklinguistically.

C.Itstillremainsanunsolvedmystery.D.Thinkingisindependentoflanguage.【参考答案】1—4、BADC阅读理解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Millionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountries,cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication—havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland,therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.Ontheotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephones?Signsofchangeintheissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning(扫描)equipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn'trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday,everydayofhisworkingweek,foracoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse,buthisemployer'sdoctordidn'tagree.Whatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?Theanswerisradiation.High­techmachinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation,buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatit'sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient,especiallyinemergencies.Inthefuture,mobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow,it'swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.1．Peoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsexceptthat________.A．they'repopular B．they'reconvenientC．they'reuseful D．they'recheap答案：D细节理解题。文中第一段提到手机是一种通信工具且受欢迎；手机是一种时尚；但文中没有提到手机很廉价，故D项符合题意。2．Theword“detected”inParagraph3couldbebestreplacedby________.A．discovered B．removedC．cured D．caused答案：A词义猜想题。依据句意可知用扫描设备能发觉大脑和头部疾病的迹象，故A项正确。3．Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingcompanies________.A．denytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiationB．developnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiationC．holdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryaboutD．trytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealth答案：C细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation，buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.”可知C项正确。4．Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople________.A．tobuymobilephonesB．tousemobilephoneslessoftenC．toupdateregularphonesD．tostopusingmobilephones答案：B主旨大意题。本文谈论了使用手机对人健康是否有害，在最终一段点明白本文的目的在于建议人们不要太经常地使用手机，故B项正确。完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Oneafternoon,mysonAdamaskedme,“Areallpeoplethesameeveniftheyaredifferentincolor?”Ithoughtforaminute,andthenIsaid,“I’llexplain,1youcanjustwaituntilwemakeaquick2atthegrocerystore.Ihavesomething3toshowyou.”Atgrocerystore,we4someapples---red,greenandyellowones.Backhome,ItoldAdam,“It’stimeto5yourquestion.”Iputoneappleofeach6onthetable.ThenIlookedatAdam,whohada7lookonhisface.“Peoplearelikeapples.Theycomeinall8colors,shapesandsizes.Onthe9,someoftheapplesmaynot10lookastheothers.”AsIwastalking,Adamwas11eachonecarefully.Then,Itookeachoftheapplesandpeeled（削皮）them,12thembackonthetable,but13adifferentplace.“Okay,Adam,tellmewhichiswhich.” Hesaid,“I14tell.Theyalllooksamenow.”“Takeabiteof15.Seeifthathelpsyou16whichoneiswhich.”Hetook17,andthenahugesmilecamecrosshisface..”Peopleare18likeapples!Theyarealldifferent,butonceyou19theoutside,they’reprettymuchthesameontheinside.”Hetotally20it.Ididn’tneedtosayordoanythingelse.()1.A.although B.so C.because D.if()2.A.stop B.start C.turn D.stay()3.A.expressiveB.encouraging C.informative D.interesting()4.A.bought B.counted C.saw D.collected()5.A.check B.mention C.answer D.improve()6.A.size B.type C.shape D.class()7.A.worried B.satisfied C.proud D.curious()8.A.ordinary B.normal C.different D.regular()9.A.outside B.whole C.table D.inside()10.A.still B.even C.only D.ever()11.A.examining B.measuring C.drawing D.packing()12.A.keeping B.placing C.pulling D.giving()13.A.on B.toward C.for D.in()14.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t()15.A.eachone B.eachother C.theother D.oneanother()16.A.admit B.consider C.decide D.believe()17.A.bigbites B.deepbreaths C.afirmhold D.