北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中考试英语试题 含解析

丰台区2024-2025学年度第一学期期中练习高二英语考试时间：90分钟笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis____1____andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not____2____ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe____3____untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface.“Ididit!Ibroketherecord!”heshoutedasIwasstillgatheringinformationto____4____whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps____5____him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe____6____tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland____7____howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous____8____,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave____9____whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe____10____higher.1.A.health B.performance C.talent D.knowledge2.A.proud B.afraid C.certain D.fond3.A.promise B.record C.suggestion D.news4.A.describe B.recall C.explain D.picture5.A.encouraging B.admiring C.congratulating D.greeting6.A.excitement B.confidence C.creativity D.motivation7.A.inquired B.expected C.insisted D.doubted8.A.effort B.experience C.stress D.response9.A.adjusted B.achieved C.examined D.displayed10.A.pace B.stage C.bar D.tone【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.D9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。作者在一所高中教健身概念，一次在与一名高级跳高运动员DavidGale的交谈中，作者承诺他如果他打破学校记录，作者会将他的名字写在墙上，随后DavidGale打破了记录，作者也信守承诺将他的名字写在墙上。随后更多学生以将自己的名字写在墙上为动力取得了很多成就。1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一节课结束时，我与一位高级跳高运动员大卫·盖尔（DavidGale）聊了聊如何提高他的表现并且聊了动机如何在一个人的成就中发挥重要作用。A.health健康；B.performance表演；表现；C.talent天赋；D.knowledge知识。由上文“Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.”可知，作者在一所高中教健身概念，应该是和这位高级跳高运动员讨论如何提高他的表现。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不确定他的热情和决心，停顿了一会儿，但随后答应我会把他的名字写在我们教室的墙上。A.proud骄傲的；B.afraid害怕的；C.certain确定的；D.fond喜欢的。由下文“Ipausedforamoment,”可知，作者停顿了一会是因为不确定这名学生想打破学校记录的这种热情和决心有多大，故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于这个承诺，没有再多说什么，直到两周后，这位年轻的战士脸上带着灿烂的笑容跑进了教室。A.promise承诺；B.record记录；C.suggestion建议；D.news新闻。上文“Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom”提到作者答应将DavidGale的名字写在墙上，由此可知，此处指关于这个承诺，没有再多说什么，promise是同词复现，故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我做到了！我打破了纪录！”当我仍在收集信息以回忆我对他的承诺时，他喊道。A.describe描写；B.recall回想；C.explain解释；D.picture设想。第二段中“Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.”提到之前作者答应这名学生如果他打破了学校记录作者会把他的名字写在墙上，所以当他说自己打破记录时，作者在回想自己对他说过的这一承诺，故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和他一起击掌庆祝。A.encouraging鼓励；B.admiring钦佩；C.congratulating祝贺；D.greeting打招呼。由上文““Ididit!Ibroketherecord!””和“Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps”可知，当DavidGale说自己打破学校记录时，作者和他击掌祝贺他打破记录，故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他的教练说，这面墙是打破纪录的动力之一。A.excitement兴奋；B.confidence自信；C.creativity创造力；D.motivation动机。由第一段提到的“howmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement”和下文“Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave_________whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.”可知，这面墙给了很多人鼓励，是他们取得成功的动力，由此可知，此处指这面墙是DavidGale打破学校记录的动力之一，故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多学生，甚至是其他班级的学生，看到墙上的名字，询问如何也可以考虑将他们列入墙上。A.inquired询问；B.expected期待；C.insisted坚持；D.doubted怀疑。由上文“Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewall”可知，其他班级的学生看到墙上的姓名后，询问该如何能将自己的名词也写在墙上，故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于反响巨大，我不得不在墙上添加更多的名字，在接下来的十年里，墙上出现了100多个名字。A.fort堡垒；B.experience经验；C.stress压力；D.response回复；反响。由下文“Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.”可知，墙上有了更多名字，这说明更多人愿意将自己的名字写在墙上，即这件事反响很大，故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人承认，如果没有这面墙作为奖励，他们就不会取得今天的成就。A.adjusted调整；B.achieved实现；C.examined检查；D.displayed展示。由下文“whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward”和上文提到的DavidGale了打破学校记录后作者将他的名字写在墙上，由此可知，取得成就的人可以将名字写在墙上，故此处指没有这面墙作为奖励，那些名字写在墙上的人就不会取得今天的成就，故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，所有走出舒适区的人都提高了标准。A.pace步伐；B.stage舞台；C.bar酒吧，障碍，限制；D.tone语气。由上文“Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe”以及上文提到的许多人以这面墙作为奖励，取得了很多成就可知，这些取得成就的人走出舒适区，设立了更高的标准，取得了成就，setthebar固定搭配，意为“设定标准或期望”，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A语法填空WhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,they____11____(throw)aniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglishtoorganizesuchaneventaltogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Aftertheboxwasopened,I____12____(gentle)liftedabeautifulcoatfromit.“Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!”theyallshouted____13____wonderfullyperfectEnglish.【答案】11.threw12.gently13.in【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者教学生英语。学生组织了一次活动并送给了作者礼物。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在最后一天，他们举办了一个不错的聚会。此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文时态以及该句中的时间状语Onthelastday可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填threw。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词gently作状语修饰动词lifted，满足句意要求。故填gently。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：“我们去买一件新外套！”他们用非常完美的英语喊道。此处为固定短语inEnglish“用英语说”，所以为介词in的填入。故填in。B语法填空InearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,____14____(swim)offthecoastofSardinia,noticedpiecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmoredivers____15____(send)tolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylayburiedinsandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,____16____arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistorical____17____(discover).【答案】14.swimming15.weresent16.which17.discovery【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。句子谓语为noticed，所以此处为非谓语动词。动词swim和其逻辑主语adiver之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填swimming。【15题详解】考查时态语态。句意：他打电话给当局，更多的潜水员被派去查看。此处为并列句的谓语动词。根据前文called可知，此处用一般过去时。主语divers是复数，与谓语动词send之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填weresent。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词coins，指物，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：专家称这是一个重大的历史发现。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词discovery的单数形式。故填discovery。C语法填空ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools____18____(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout____19____it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasacheatingtool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.AgrowingnumberofeducatorssaythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepanic____20____(cause)bytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”【答案】18.havebanned19.how20.caused【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了ChatGPT在学校是使用情况。一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。【18题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“sinceitsbirth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“someschools”为复数意义，谓语用复数形式。故填havebanned。【19题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少“如何”这一含义，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处为非谓语动词，动词cause与其逻辑主语panic之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearColleague,IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewofourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade11orGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarsoftheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade12infall2024.SummerPreviewisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustbeenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerTerm’sprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyyear,ourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailatsummerhs@ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.Warmly,AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummerTerm21.AGrade11studentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonors B.AcademicImmersion C.SummerChallenge D.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsinHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.What’sAmandaNelson’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A.Toevaluateasummercamp. B.Topromotepre-collegeprograms.C.Torecommenduniversitycourses. D.Tointroducecollegelearningprojects.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封AmandaNelson写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜欢在线课程的11年级学生可以选择高中荣誉课程。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalPsychology,IntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeWriting.Allthreetrackscombineclassroomworkwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.(今年夏天，我们提供三个AIM课程：实验心理学导论，医学导论和创意写作。所有三个轨道结合课堂工作与实践体验式学习活动)”可知，学生可以在AIM中获得知识和实践经验。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“IamwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerTerm’sfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renowneduniversity,strengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.(我写信给你的是关于BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个令人兴奋的项目的信息。这些项目提供了在世界知名大学学习的机会，加强英语技能，并在波士顿享受夏天)”根据第二段“HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”结合文章是一封AmandaNelson写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。可推知，阿曼达·纳尔逊写这封信的目的是推广大学预科课程。故选B。BMarkBrown,57,hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,buthefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—butwhat?Afewyearsearlier,hehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardadifferentinternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.Weusedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelpoftheAncientTreeForum,theTreeCouncilandtheWoodlandTrust.Brownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofBritain’smostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmycreativity,”Brownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57,Brown______.A.movedintohisoldhouse B.awakenedachildhoodinterestC.reachedthepeakofhislife D.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.Ithelpedhimstartanewcareer. B.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.Hebuiltatreehouseinit. D.Hestudiedcreaturesinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settinguptreeorganizations. B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees. D.TravellingtoselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,hefeelsthat______.A.timeisendless B.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamic D.life-longlearningiscrucial【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了57岁的马克·布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣，成为了一名树木肖像画家。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”hesaid.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.(“那个喜欢画画的孩子多年来一直对我耳语，”他说。他心中某种未被承认的渴望被激发出来了)”可知，57岁时，布朗唤醒了儿时的兴趣。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,itjustgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.(他说，他的成品橡木拥有“真正的力量”。“当你走向它的时候，它就会越来越大。”布朗成为了一名树木肖像画家)”可知，橡树让布朗开始了新的职业生涯。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyare350yearsoldandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”(“这些美丽的老白蜡树对我们来说将会失去，”他说。“它们已经350岁了，由于我们传播的疾病，它们正在死去。”)”可知，布朗呼吁保护树木。故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.(当我和他们在一起，当我画他们的时候，我想到了我生命的终结，以及人类生命的短暂本质，在他们下面转瞬即逝)”可知，当布朗和树在一起时，他觉得人的生命是短暂的。故选B。CWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemisn’tmeetingsthemselves—it’showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Idon’twanttolookstupid.”),noise(“Wecan’talltalkatonce.”),andconformitypressure(“Let’salljumpontheboss’sship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto______.A.assesshumanspotential B.simplifyproblemsquicklyC.acceptpossiblegoodideas D.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lopsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Informal. B.Unbalanced. C.Improper. D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto______.A.challengeaconclusion B.makeacomparisonC.advocateapractice D.introducearesearch【答案】28.D29.B30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobecome

lopsided infavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.

(在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lopsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.(为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.(组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventitDavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.【答案】31.A32.A33.D34.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了目前关于如何应对气候变化有两种不同观点——适应气候变化或者阻止气候变化，但作者认为适应气候变化是可行的和必要的。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据2段的“DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.(大卫·弗罗斯特(DavidFrost)认为，考虑到地球现在似乎肯定会变暖的程度，阻止气候变化不再是一种选择。)

”可以判断Frost是支持适应气候变化的，根据第4段“TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.(英国当局发现，有关适应气候变化的辩论很困难。部分原因是一些活动人士声称适应气候变化是不可行的。他们说，气候变化将终结人类文明，有可能导致整个人类灭绝。)”可知英国当局对关于适应论的争论犯了难，即不知道该支持哪边，对是否去适应气候变化存疑。故选A。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段破折号后的“includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents(包括暴风雨、洪水和其他天气事件的频率增加)”可知，风暴、洪水和其他天气事件发生的频率增加，由此可推测出，气候和天气可能变得更加多变。volatile意为“易变的”，与changeable意思最接近。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.(问题不在于适应在技术上是否可行，而在于从道德或实践角度来看是否可取。)”可知，从技术上来说适应气候变化是可行的，但问题是从道德或实践角度来看适应气候变化是否可取。接下来“Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?(我们是否愿意接受一个实质上更温暖的世界，人类生活在这个世界的不同地方？我们是否愿意接受某些物种可能灭绝，以及那些目前不太成功的物种和尚未进化的新物种更加繁荣？我们是否愿意接受世界各地人类居住模式发生重大转变的后果？)”用提问的方式引发人们思考是否能接受气候变化带来的影响。由此可推测出，这些问题旨在帮助人们确定自己对适应的接受性。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.(然而，考虑到气候变暖目前不可避免的程度，适应将是可行的，也是必要的。)”可知，作者认为气候变暖是不可避免的，所以适应是可行的和必要的，由此可推测出，作者认为适应气候变化是毋庸置疑的。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.____35____Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等级)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.____36____Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.____37____WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“lessthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.____38____It’sonethi