中考英语二轮复习三大从句

初中英语三大从句一、宾语从句1.宾语：1）IlikeEnglish.

2）SheenjoyswatchingTV.

★宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。★宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。2.宾语从句：1）Weknowtheman.

2）Weknowthatheisagoodman.充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句。3.宾从的判断：动词介词＋宾语从句形容词4.★引导词：1）that：that在从句中无实际含义，不充当成分，在口语中往往省略。e.g.Ibelievethatyouarethebest.2）whether/if:e.g.Iaskedwhetherhewantedtogoshoppingwithme.if/whether引导的宾语从句，表示“是否….”,不能省略，在大部分情况下二者可以互换，但在以下情况中,只能用whether，而不能用if。①后面有…ornot；②在介词的后面；e.g:Iaminterestedinwhetherhewillcometomorrow.③在不定式todo前e.g:Idon’tknowwhethertodoit.④在谓语动词discuss的后面3）

特殊疑问词疑问副词含义例句充当成分how如何Heaskedhowhecouldfinishthetask.方式状语where哪里HeaskedwhereIlived.地点状语when什么时候HeaskedwhenIwouldleaveforBeijing.时间状语why为什么HeaskedwhyIwasworried.原因状语分两类：疑问副词和疑问代词。①疑问副词只能做状语②疑问代词可做主语、宾语、表语等成分。疑问副词含义例句充当成分who谁Idon’tknowwhocleanedthewindow.主语、宾语和表语whom谁（作宾语）HeaskedwhomIwouldmeet.宾语what什么HeaskedwhatIliked.主语、宾语whose谁的Heaskedwhosebookthiswas.定语、表语which哪一个HeaskedwhichbookIliked.定语

5.★宾从的语序：1）区分陈述语序&疑问语序陈述语序：主语+谓语+其他疑问语序：谓语提到主语前（有情提情、有be提be、无情无be请求助）2）宾从的语序：陈述语序3）引导词在从句中作主语，从句语序与疑问句相同：①What’sthematter?Wouldyoutellmewha’sthematter?②What’swrongwithyou?Shedidn’ttellmewhatwaswrongwithyou.6.★宾从的时态：主句为一般现在时，从句可以用语境所需要的任何时态.主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态。从句内容为客观真理，从句仍然用一般现在时。口诀：主现从随意，主过从过，真理永一现。【课堂练习】1．Wedon’tknow________,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.A．whatthestoryisaboutB．whetherthestoryistrueC．whendidthestorytakeplace2．—Couldyoutellme________?—Throwingoffpoverty（脱贫）.A．whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB．whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC．whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear3．---Hi,Alice.Iwonder________.

--Ioftengoswimminginthesportscenter.A．whereyouskate B．whatyoudoontheweekendC．whenyouexercise D．whetheryouenjoyyourweekend4．Mycousinwilldrivemetoschooltoday,butIdon'tknow______________.A．whathe'lldo B．wherehe'llgoC．whenwe'llleave D．whywe'llgothereBBBC二、定语从句1、理解“定语”：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。分析以下例句的句子成分：1）Thehandsomeboyisherfriend.请翻译此句：这个帅气的男孩是她的朋友。Thehandsomeboy是：

主语

。

is是：谓语。herfriend是：表语。

handsome是：定语,作用是修饰后面的名词boy。her是：定语

,作用是修饰后面的名词friend。2）Thehandsomeboywhoissingingisherfriend.请翻译此句：这个正在唱歌的帅气男孩是她的朋友。此句中，whoissinging作为定语成分，作用是修饰前面的名词boy。2、定语从句的定义：在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句，定语从句的作用是修饰前面的先行词或主句中的其他成分。Ihaveasister.Sheisastudent.请把这两个简单句改成包含定语从句的复合句。Ihaveasisterwhoisastudent.定语从句的关系词分类：

关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在定从中的作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语

★注意:1）定语从句关系词不能为what。2）关系代词that，which，who，whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略，但“介词+关系代词”的结构中，关系代词不可省略。3)介词+which:先行词是物，介词+whom：先行词是人关系代词1）that：that可代替which，who，whom，做从句的宾语时可以省略，作主语不可省。Thisisthebottle(that)Ilikebest.

Ihaveadressthatisbeautiful.★只能用that的情况：①先行词含有no,few,some,any,all,something等不定代词Allthatwehavetodoistofinishthetask.②先行词被序数词修饰时ThefirstlessonthatIlearntwillneverbeforgotten.③先行词被最高级修饰时ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveeverbeento.④先行词含有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast表示特指的词时HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttobewith.⑤先行词中既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeoplethattheylikedbest.★不用that的情况①前有介词：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlive.【课堂练习】1.OnedayMikewentwithhisfathertoseehisgrandparents______liveinasmalltown.A.which B.where C.when D.who2.Thebicycle______hewantedwasatleast$90.A.who B.which C.what D.how3.Thegirl

____issinginginthestageismyneighbor.A.she B.which C.whom D.who1.Thisistheworstnovel

________Ihaveeverread.A．whichB.whereC.thatD.what4.Hesaidnothing__________mademeangry.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itDBDCA三、让步状语从句1.定义：让步状语从句是状语从句的一种，一般翻译为“无论”，“即使，“无论”，“尽管”。2.引导状语从句的连词主要有although，though，evenif，9eventhough，nomater+疑问词，whether...or。①翻译：尽管他没有说什么，我明白他的意思。

②(

)Johnsaidhewasn’tfrightened,______Icanfeelhisheartquickly. A.Although;but B.Although;/ C.But;/ D.Though;but总结：though和although不能与but连用，可以和still，yet连用强调对比。③易混词：thoughconj.尽管thoughtn.思想throughprep.通过BAlthoughhesaidnothing,Iunderstandhismeaning.

2）evenif和eventhough表示“即使”，“纵使”。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，常互换使用，也可和although/though互换使用，但evenif/though语气更强烈。★Exercises完成句子—尽管他学习很努力，他最后还是失败了。Evenifhestudiedhard，hefailedatlast.3）whether…or…“不管是…还是”。由此复合连词引导的让步状语从句，旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比较强烈的，也更加坚定了主句的内容。★Exercises翻译：不管你想不想去，你都要去。Whetheryouwanttogoornot,youhavetogo.

4）“nomatter➕疑问词”，或“疑问词➕ever”，表示“无论…”★Exercises翻译：1.无论你去哪里，无论你做什么，我都会在这里等你。Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.（摘自歌曲RightHereWaiting）（转为同义句）Nomatterwhereyougo,nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.四、原因状语从句引导词用法【语气强烈程度because>since>as】because意为“因为”，表因果的语气最强。可以回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，强调因果关系。I’mleavingbecause

I’mfedupwithhim.★注意：判断正误。Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome.（

T）Itwasraining,sowestayedathome.（

T）Because

itwasraining,sowestayedathome.（F）总结：because和so不能连用用because或becauseof填空。Hedidn’tgetthejobbecause

heistooold.Hedidn’tgetthejobbecauseof

hisage.总结：because后面加句子，becauseof后面加短语。since意为“既然，由于”，引导众所周知的原因，通常位于句首。SinceMondayishisbirthday,let’sgivehimaparty.as意为“由于”，引导很明显的原因，与since用法大致相同。位于句首或句中。Shedidn’thearuscomeinasshewasasleep.1.Itaughtthemtosing_____musiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.A.so B.although C.because D.and2.Themeetingwasputoff______theheavyrain.A.asB.sinceC.becauseD.becauseof3.______Istayeduplatelastnight,_____Iwastiredthismorning.A.Because;butB./；soC.Because;soD.Becauseof;soCDB五、地点状语从句引导词用法where意为“在…的地方”。位于句首或句中。where+陈述句语序。Heliveswhere

theclimateiscool.wherever意为“在任何…的地方”。位于句首或句中。wherever+陈述句语序。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.六、结果状语从句1、定义：结果状语从句一般用来补充说明主句中的动作或状态所产生的结果，

通常位于主句之后。2、引导词：1)so…that…句型1：so+adj./adv.+that…。e.g.ItwassodarkthatIcouldn’tseeanything.句型2：so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that…。Sheissoniceapersonthateveryonelikesher.句型3:somany/few+可数名词复数+that…。Wehavesomanybooksthatwecan’tfinishreadingtheminthisweek.Wehavesofewbooksthatwecan’tgivethemtootherstudents.句型4：somuch/little+不可数名词+that…。Hehassomuchhomeworktodothathecan’tgooutwithus.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’taffordanyfood.

2)such…that…句型1：…sucha/an(adj.)+可数名词单数+that…。HeissuchacleverboythatIlikehimverymuch.请用“so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that…”的句型写出同义句。HeissocleveraboythatIlikehimverymuch.句型2：such+adj+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that…。ItissuchfineweatherthatIwanttogoout.【课堂练习】1.Thechildrenhave_______homework________theycan’tgotosleepontime.A.somany;that

B.suchmany;thatC.somuch;that

D.suchmuch;that2.WhenIwasyoung,Iwas________nervousthatIcouldn’ttalktoanyone.A.too B.to C.such

D.so3.Thecamerais______expensive______Ican’taffordit.A.very,so B.too,to C.so,that

D.enough,that4.Iwas_______excited_______Icouldnotfallasleep.A.as;as B.so;as C.too;to D.so;that5.Englishis_______ausefullanguage_____itisspokeninmanyCountriesoftheworld.A.so…that B.such…that

C.so…because

D.such…becauseCDCDB七、时间状语从句1.“当……时”引导词用法when1)意为“当...时候”.，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。2）观察例句：Hewasdoinghomeworkwhenhismothercameback.ImetmybestfriendwhenIwastalking.when引导的时间状语从句可接AB（A.延续性动词B.短暂性动词）3）When后不限动词时态，但是表过去时，用一般过去时，表将来时，用一般现在时。e.g.WhenIdived,Isawtheamazingunderseaworld.WhenIgettherenexttime,Iwilldiveagain.while意为“当...时候”，引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。e.g.WhileIamdoingmyhomework,mymotheriscooking.WhileIamdoingmyhomework,theTVison.【区分】While也可以作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比关系，意为然而。e.g.IlikewatchingTV,whilemybrotherlikeslisteningtomusic.as意为随着。e.g.Wegetwiseraswegrowolder.口诀when后长短,while后长；两长while，两短when，一边一边用as。Exercises：1.Iamveryexcited____IhearthatthereisgoingtobeafootballmatchonTV

nextSaturdaynight.

A.whenB.soC.untilD.before2.I____thefootballmatchwhenyousuddenly_____me.

A.watched;called

B.watched;wascalling

C.waswatching;calledD.waswatching;wascalling3.Thelittleboyfellasleep______hismotherwassinginghimanicesong.

A.whileB.afterC.beforeD.so4.---____yearsgoby,Chinaisgettingricherandstronger.---Wehopeourcountrywillbebetterandbetter.

A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.SinceACAA2.“直到……”引导词用法until/tilluntil意为直到。e.g.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.2.not……until意为直到...才。也可以将not换为never等表示否定的词。e.g.Hedidnotgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.注意：主句用A.延续性动词时，使用until/till引导从句。主句用B.短暂性动词时，使用not…until引导从句。【A.延续性动词B.短暂性动词】e.g.Wemustn’tgetoutofthebusuntilitstops.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.Exercises:1.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycouldreadmagazines

Itestedhimmyself.A.ifB.whenC.afterD.until2.Don’thurry.Thebuswon’tstart

everybodygetson.A.sinceB.asC.untilD.when1.“一……就……”引导词用法assoonas意为一……就……。表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。通常遵循主将从现原则。e.g.Assoonashearrives,Iwillcallyou.IwillplaywithyouassoonasIfinishmyhomework.

Exercises：1.He

youassoonashe

home.A.calls;arrivesB.willcall;willarriveC.willcall;arriveD.willcall;arrives2.Ihelpedmymumwithhouseworkyesterday

Igothome.A.assoonasB.beforeC.untilD.while1.“在……前/后”引导词用法before意为在...之前。表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。e.g.Shewillcallmebeforesheleaves.after意为在...之后。表示主句的动作发生在从句之后。e.g.Shewillcallmeaftersheleaves.Exercises：1.Theboyranaway__________Icouldsayaword.A.before B.when C.until D.after八、条件状语从句1.“如果”引导词用法If意为如果，引导条件状语从句。e.g.Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.【区分】意为是否，引导宾语从句。e.g.HeaskedmeifIcouldhelphim.Exercises：1.wedon’tsavewater,wewillhavenowatertodrinkoneday.A.WhereB.WhenC.AlthoughD.If2.What

theydoifthey

thebus?A.do;willmissB.will;missesC.will;missD.will;willmiss2.“除非”引导词用法unless意为除非，=ifnot.e.g.Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.=Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeifyoudon’tstartearlier.Exercises:1.

heisunder16,hewillbeallowedtodrinkalcohol.A.SinceB.BecauseC.IfD.Unless2.--Mom,cantwatchTVnow?--No.You

watchTV

youhavefinishedyourhomework.A.can’t;ifB.mustn’t;unlessC.may;unlessD.should;if1.“只要”引导词用法so/aslongas意为只要。e.g.Aslongasyouarehere,Iwillbefine.e.g.Myrulerisaslongasyours.【区分】意为和...一样长。Exercises:1.Amother’slovewillstaywithachild

heneedsit.A.aslongasB.asmuchasC.asmanyasD.asfaras2.---Ithinkusingcomputerscreensarebadforoureyes.---Buttheywillbehelpfulforus

weputthemintogooduse.A.assoonB.aslongasC.untilD.sothat

4.★时态口诀：

主将从现

，

主情从现

，

主祈从现

，

真理永一现

。e.g.Pandawillsitinthetreeifhefeelshappy.Sitinthetreeifyoufeelhappy.Youcansitinthetreeifyoufeelhappy.Iftemperatureisbelow0℃，waterturnsintoice.★在主将从现的结构中，一般将来时只能用will，不能用begoingto。九、目的状语从句引导词用法sothat意为为了，以便于。e.g.Weareclimbinghighersothatwecangetabetterview.inorderthat意为为了，以便于。e.g.IamgoingtotakedrivinglessonsinorderthatIcandrive.【课堂练习】1.Theboysavedeverycoin

hecouldbuyhismotherapresent.A.inorderto B.because C.sothat D.however2.Nowadays,laptopisbecomingsmallerandsmaller

itcanbecarriedaround

.A.sothat;eas