动词语法专项复习讲义牛津译林版九年级英语上册

语法专项一———时态时态定义结构标志词备注一般现在时①表示现在的状态；②表经常或习惯性的动作（描述日常生活习惯）；③普遍真理、客观事实和自然规律：)④表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等；⑤按照时间表或计划表所发生的事情。背am/is/areV原/V三单否:am/is/arenotdo/doesnot+、原1.频度副词:always;usually;often;sometimes;seldom;neverinthemorning/afternoon/eveningeveryday/morning...;onceaweek/4.onSundays=everySunday...if/when/assoonas/unless/before/after等主将从现用法时，从句必须用一般现在时。如:_Iwilltellhimaboutitwhenhees.Ifitistinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.现在进行时①表示现在正在进行或发生的动作；②在现阶段持续发生的动作或存在的状态。肯：am/is/are+Ving...否：am/is/arenot十Ving...【He's有时是Heis的缩写,有时是Hehas的缩写】Look!Listen!atthe/thismoment;atthistimeatpresent(right)nowIt's...(点时间).Where'ssb.?等上下文语境thesedays十一般现在,现在进行,现在完成）拥有:have,own表感觉的动词,如see,find,look,hear,taste,sound表“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词，如like,love,hate表知识或理解力的动词，如believe,think,know,forget表“希望”、“愿望”、“心愿”等动词,如want/hope/wish倒装句Hereesthebus.一般过去时①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；②过去发生的一系列连续的动作。肯：主语+was/were+其它主语＋动词的过去式＋其它:was/werenotdidnot+V原last+时间名词:lastnight/week;时间段+ago:amonthago;in+过去年月:in1987;表过去时间的状语：justnow;yesterday(afternoon);thedaybeforeyesterday;theotherday前几天;thosedays;inthepast:usedto.do要关注过去式的不规则动词：fly_grow_shine_hang_hear_catch_drink_draw_feed_begin_hurt_spread_一过去进行时①表示过去某伞时刻发生的动作；②过去某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态；③过去同一时间里同时发生.的动作。肯：was/weredoing否：wasn't/weren'tdoingatthistimeyesterdayat9:40a.m.lastFridayatthatmoment/timefrom3:30to4:30lastWednesdaythewholemorning/dayalltheafternoonfrommorningtillnight语境：如:Tcalledyoulastnight,butnooneansweredme.Sorry,Iwastakingawalkinthegarden.【when/while/as用法】过去when/while/as过进过进when过去过进while过进Shewasreadingwhilehermumwascooking.Iliketeawhile(然而)shelikescoffee.补:when/as也可以主过从过（过去相关时态）一般将来时表将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态肯：will+V原am/is/aregoingto+V原否：won't+V原am/is/arenot+V原I/We(第一人称)可以用shall/shallnot(shan't)+V原表将来时间的状语：inthe(near)future,soontomorrow(morning/afternoon)thedayaftertomorrow,thisSunday/eveningfromnowon从现在起oneday/someday(未来)intheingweekforanothertwodaysnextday/week/month/year/centuryin+段时间(howsoon提问)in+将来点时间:in2030.1、Therearegoingtobetwomeetingstomorrow.2、现在进行表将来,.如:①表位移,如leave/e/go/arrive/move等②表示渐变过程,如go,get,turn,grow,bee如:It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.3、有迹象表明用begoingtodo主将从现只用will外祈使句,and/oryouwill...现在完成时①持续到现在的动作或状态（长动词）；②动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响；③发生的次数④刚刚完成的事情肯：have/has(助动词)done否：have/has(助动词)notdone1.already,yet,just,recently,sotarthesedays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sincethen,in/overthelast/pasttwoyears:overtheyears2.since+过去点时间段时间+ago从句（过去时）：for+段时间;提问用Howlong3.ever,never,twice,threetimes,before(次数不与for连用)4.already(肯定句和特殊疑问句);yet(否定句和一般疑问句局)现在完成时，强调过去动作对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅过去曾发生的动作，与现在无关。现在完成时不一定用长动可1.短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：非延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowopenclosebegin/startfinishdiecatchacoldwakeupfallasleepjoinleave2.▲并不是遇到短动词就要改为长动词，没有段时间不用变。Youcan'tfindTomhere.Hehasalreadyleft.(此处left不用换作beenaway)3.▲并不是遇到段时间就一定用现完，动作没持续到现在仍然用过去时。如:Hi,Jill.Haveyougraduatedfromcollege?如:IliveinChinanow,butI(teach)ChineseinFrancefor3years.4.追问何时何地发生用过去时IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.Whendidyougothere?5.havebeento,havebeenin,havegoneto区别。含义备注举例have/hasbeenin/at在某地待了多长时间来／去／到／在（后接段时间）IhavebeeninHuai'anfor3years.have/hasgoneto去了某地，不在说话地点或在去某地途中一般谈论第三者WhereisTom?HehasgonetoLanzhou.have/hasbeento去过某地，已回，现在已不在那个地方后接次数,ever,never,before等(次数不与for连用）当面对话Youweren'tathomethismorningWherehaveyoubeen?I'vebeentothelibrary.MayhasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.语法专项二———被动语态考点一各种时态被动语态的构成时态被动语态构成例句一般现在时is/am/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天被打扫。一般过去时was/were+doneThedumplingsweremadeyesterday.饺子是昨天包的。一般将来时shall/will+be+doneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.明年一个新的医院将被建成。含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneTheworkmustbefinishedontime.必须按时完成这项工作。考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewputerswerestolenlastnight.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。Thehomeworkmustbehandedinontime.作业必须按时交上来。说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。常用句型:Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itishopedthat…希望……Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itissupposedthat…据推测说……⑴Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……“据说⑵ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.“有人说，据说’考点三主动语态转化为被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词),注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但动词的时态保持不变。3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾语(by短语可以省略)。4.含双宾的句子改为被动时，多以直接宾语(sth)为主语，动词后要加介词to或for。make/buy加for,pass/show/give/tell/offer/lend/teach加to。(主)Shebuysmeapresenteveryyear.（直宾作主语）Apresentisboughtformebyhereveryyear.（间宾作主语）Iamboughtapresentbyhereveryyear.(主)Hepassedmeabook.（直宾作主语）Abookwaspassedtomebyhim.（间宾作主语）Iwaspassedabookbyhim.考点四被动语态的几种特殊情况make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原to。Isawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.(主动)Hewasseenplayingbasketballontheplayground.(被动)Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.我经常看到这位老人在早上跑步。Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.这位老人经常被看见在早上跑步。

主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感官动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth2.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。含动词词组的被动语态，看作一个整体，不可分隔。如takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterspeakto→bespokentohandin/out→behandedin/outcarryonwith→becarriedonwith如：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.考点五主动语态表被动意义的几种情况1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是:cut,sell,read,write,wash,drive等通常与well、easily连用，如系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。Thedishsmellsgood.Themusicsoundsnice.washwell好洗sellwell畅销writewell好写growwell长得好sell的两种用法：sellout“卖光”用被动语态。这种书籍在这个城市都卖光了。Thiskindofbooksissoldoutinthiscity.sellwell“卖得好，畅销”用主动语态。这种书籍在这个城市卖得很好。Thiskindofbookssellswellinthiscity.2.系动词无被动语态。Theapplestastenice.苹果尝起来很好吃。3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题是很难回答的。4.“havesthdone”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。I'llhavethebikerepairedsoon.我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。5.need/requiredoing/tobedone形式表达被动的意思。Yourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要浇水了。考点六：注意点只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词①：e,go,happen,takeplace,last,dieappear,disappear,belongto（属于）runoutbreakout(爆发）breakdown，etrue,remain,succeed,fall,arrive,rise等没有被动语态eg.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthistowninthepasttenyears.TheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamestakeplaceeveryfouryears.②连系动词不用被动语态。如：look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,bee…语法专项三———非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。主要包括动词不定式、动词的­ing形式和动词的­ed形式。非谓语动词的考查重点是动词不定式和动词的­ing形式。●后接动名词作宾语的常见动词（短语）或搭配enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,imagine,keep,miss,consider,mind,practise,risk,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'thelp）,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop（from）,protect…from,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,preferdoingtodoing,insiston,feellike___________________________________________________________●下列动词通常用不定式作宾语wanttodo：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,refuse,manage,help,promise,prefer,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,decide,prepare,continue,choose,expect，choose,____________________________等动词+疑问词+to,“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：Idon’tknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext.Ican’tdecidewhentogothere.注意：不定式短语