高中英语北师大版必修二UNIT 6　培优提能限时练(五)

培优提能限时练(五)(限时：40分钟满分：50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGRANDPRIZEWINNER：FlorianSchmidtFlorianSchmidtreceivedundergraduatedegreesfromtheUniversityofHeidelbergandaPhDfromETHZürich.Hisresearchfocusesonthedevelopmentoftechnologiesinthefieldsofgenomeengineering，transcriptionalrecording，andgenetherapy(疗法)．CATEGORYWINNER：ECOLOGY&ENVIRONMENTStefanyMoreno-GámezStefanyMoreno-GámezreceivedanundergraduatedegreefromUniversidaddelosAndesandaPhDfromtheUniversityofGroningenandETHZürich.SheiscurrentlyapostdoctoralfellowatCambridgeUniversity.Herresearchfocusesonhowdietaryandhost-derivedglycans(聚糖)shapeecologicalandevolutionarydynamics(动力学)inthegutmicrobiome(肠道微生物群)．CATEGORYWINNER：CELL&MOLECULARBIOLOGYJamesDalyJamesDalyreceivedanundergraduateandPhDdegreesfromtheUniversityofBristol.Aftercompletinghisstudies，hereceivedaWellcomeEarlyCareerAwardfellowshipandmovedtotheDepartmentofInfectiousDiseases，King’sCollegeLondon.Hiscurrentresearchcontinuestoexplorethemolecularinterfacebetweenneuropilinreceptorsandvirusesandthepotentialforantiviralinhibitionofthisprocess.CATEGORYWINNER：MOLECULARMEDICINEDanieleSimoneschiDanieleSimoneschireceivedanundergraduatedegreefromManhattanvilleCollegeandMPhilandPhDdegreesfromtheVilcekInstituteatNewYorkUniversity(NYU)．HeisaresearchassistantprofessorintheDepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularPharmacologyatNYU，whereheexploresmolecularandcellularmechanismsbywhichcullin-RINGubiquitinligasesregulatecellcycleexecution.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几位奖项获得者。1．Whichcolumnofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．News&Business.B．Law&Order.C．Science&Future.D．Sports&Entertainment.答案C解析文章出处题。根据对四位获奖者的研究领域的介绍可知，这些奖项都和科学有关，所以这篇文章可能摘自杂志的“科学与未来”专栏。故选C。2．WhatisspecialaboutStefanyMoreno-Gámez?A．ShegotaWellcomeEarlyCareerAwardfellowship.B．Sheistheonlyfemalescientistamongthefourwinners.C．ShestudiedintheVilcekInstituteatNewYorkUniversityasastudent.D．Shefocusesonthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtogenetherapy.答案B解析细节理解题。A项是JamesDaly的成就；C项是DanieleSimoneschi的经历；D项是对FlorianSchmidt的介绍；根据文中对各个获奖者使用的代词可推知，他们四人中，只有StefanyMoreno-Gámez是女性，这是她的特殊之处。故选B。3．WhoworksintheUSAnowaccordingtothetext?A．FlorianSchmidt.B．StefanyMoreno-Gámez.C．JamesDaly.D．DanieleSimoneschi.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知，DanieleSimoneschi现在在纽约大学当副教授，即在美国工作。故选D。BAsalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia，Dianalongedtoexploretheuniverseandgainmoreunderstandingofit.Herdadthoughtthatbeingabletospeakasecondlanguagewouldgiveheranadvantage.HesuggestedshelivewithherauntinMiamiwhilegoingtoschool.Only17yearsoldatthetime，sheacceptedhissuggestion.Withjust$300inherpocket，DianatookaseriesofhousekeepingjobstoputherselfthroughcommunitycollegeandlatertheUniversityofFlorida.InadditiontolearningEnglish，shestudiedaerospaceengineering.Sometimesshehadtotakesixbusesjusttogettoclass.Otherdaysshewascleaningbathroomstocontinueherstudies.ButDianasaweverythingcomingherwayasanopportunity.DianaappliedtotheNASAAcademyinhersenioryearofcollege，andwasthefirstimmigrantLatinaintheacademy.NASAhiredherthatyear，andin2009，shebecameatelecomsystemengineerfortheCuriosityRover(探测器)thatlandedsuccessfullyonMarsin2012.Duringthismission，shedevelopedadustremovaltooltohelpscientistsbetterexploreMars’surface，whichearnedherrecognitionasoneofthe20mostinfluentialLatinasinthetechnologyindustry.Sincethen，Dianahasonlykeptsettingthebarhigher.Inhersecondmission，ittookherteamtwoyearstocreatetheroboticarmforthePerseveranceRoverthatwouldbringbacksoilsamplesfromtheRedPlanettolearnifthereoncewaslifethere.Rightnow，hermissionistohelpmoreLatinasrealizetheycanbealsosuccessfulintheexplorationofscienceandtechnology.Lastweek，shehostedNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-languagelivebroadcastforPerseverance’sarrivalonMarsanditgainedmorethan2.5millionviewsonline.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国宇航局拉丁裔工程师戴安娜从17岁开始努力，最终实现了梦想的故事。4．WhatdidDianadoafter17yearsold?A．Shegot$300fromherfather.B．Shebegantolearnasecondlanguage.C．Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D．Shehelpedheraunttodohousekeepingjobs.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，十七岁以后，戴安娜靠自己读完了社区大学和佛罗里达大学。故选C。5．WhatwashercontributiontotheCuriosityRover?A．Shedirectedthetelecomsystem.B．Shedesignedatooltoremovethedust.C．Shewastheleaderofthecampaign.D．SheexploredthesurfaceofMars.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，她对好奇号火星探测器的贡献是研发了除尘工具。故选B。6．Whatisherlatestmission?A．Tofightforthewomen’sequalrights.B．Tohostabroadcasttoattractmoreviewers.C．TocreatetheroboticarmforthePerseveranceRover.D．ToencouragemoreLatinastostudyscienceandtechnology.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，她当前的任务是帮助更多的拉丁裔人认识到他们也可以在科学技术探索方面取得成功，即鼓励更多的拉丁裔人学习科学技术。故选D。7．WhatcanweknowfromDiana’sstory?A．Itisnevertoooldtolearn.B．Behindbadluckcomesgoodluck.C．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D．Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.答案C解析推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第二段可知，戴安娜为自己的目标不懈努力，把挫折当成机遇，最终实现了自己的梦想，从她的故事中我们可以知道，有志者事竟成。故选C。CEverydaypeopleallovertheworldcelebratetheirculturalheritage，simplybylivingtheirlivesinawaythatstandsforwhotheyareandwheretheycomefrom.Butonedayinayearissettocelebratethejointhistoryandheritageofthehumanrace.WorldHeritageDayencouragesustocelebratealltheworld’scultures，bringawarenesstoimportantculturalrelicsandsites，andagreeontheimportanceofpreservingtheworld’scultures.Onthisday，thereareanumberofdifferenteventsthathappenallovertheworld.Thisincludesawiderangeofactivities，meetings，andvisitstoheritagesitesandrelics.Forthosewhoareunawareofthesignificanceofpreservingworldheritages，aheritagesiteisbasicallyaplacethatisofculturalimportance.Itpreservesthecultureofintangibleattributes(无形的特质)andphysicalartifacts(古器)ofasocietyorgroupthatisinheritedfromoldergenerations.PerhapsthemostimportantwaytocelebrateWorldHeritageDayistosearchoutthoselocations(所在)nearyouthatarecountedasWorldHeritageSites，andperhapspaythemavisit.Beforedoingso，researchthesites，findoutwhatstepsareneededtoprotectthem，andrespectthemduringyourvisit.YoushouldalsotakealookonlinetoseeifthereareanyeventsgoingoninyourlocalareainhonorofWorldHeritageDay.Youwillfindthatalotofeventstakeplacetoincreaseawarenessregardingthepreservationofimportantbuildingsandrelics.Itisalsoagoodideatospreadawarenessregardingthisdaywiththepeoplethatyouknow.Thisissomethingyoucandowitheaseviasocialmedia.Youcanpostamessagethatinformsyourfriends，followers，andfamilymembersofthisdayandencouragethemtopostsomethingtoo.Youcouldpostaphotoofoneofthebestinternationalsitesyouhavevisitedoronethatisonyourbucketlist，andthenaskyourfollowerstoreplywiththeirchoice.Thisisagreatwayofgettingeveryoneinvolved(参与)andraisingawarenessofthisdate!语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界遗产日。8．Whatisthefocusofthepassage?A．WorldHeritageDay.B．World’sculturalheritages.C．WorldHeritageSites.D．Heritagepreservationevents.答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了世界遗产日的设立、重要性以及庆祝方式，即文章主要在介绍世界遗产日。故选A。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2probablymean?A．Packedup. B．Passeddown.C．Checkedout. D．Referredto.答案B解析词义猜测题。由画线词所在句句意“它保存着一个社会或群体从古代的具有无形物质的文化和实物文物。”和fromoldergenerations可知，这里应指从古代“传承下来”的文化和古器。故选B。10．Whatareparagraphs3－5talkingabout?A．Measurestopreserveculturalsites.B．Waysofraisingpeople’sawareness.C．CelebrationsforWorldHeritageDay.D．AllfactsaboutWorldHeritageDay.答案C解析段落大意题。由文章第三至五段各段第一句可知，这三段主要讲不同的庆祝世界遗产日的方式。故选C。11．Whatdoestheauthorexpectreaderstodoaccordingtothispassage?A．Tocallonallthepeopletojoininthecelebration.B．Tovisitheritagesitesandmonumentsfrequently.C．Tojoinhandstofightagainstheritagedestruction.D．Topromotetheideaofculturalheritageprotection.答案D解析推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“世界遗产日鼓励我们庆祝世界上所有的文化，提高对重要文物和遗址的认识，并就保护世界文化的重要性达成一致”，以及最后一段第一句“向你认识的人宣传这一天也是一个好主意”可知，作者希望读者们能弘扬文化遗产保护的理念。故选D。DIt’stimetoputdownthephoneandlookawayfromInstagram(一款照片分享应用程序)：Researchersfoundthatpeoplewholookatpicturesoffoodarelesslikelytoenjoythenextmealtheyeat.RyanElderandJeffLarsonofBrighamYoungUniversityasked232peopletolookatphotosoffoodandratethem.Theresearchersdividedtheparticipants(参加者)intotwogroups—onegrouplookedat60photosofdesserts，whiletheotherexamined60photosofsaltyfoods.Participantsrankedeachphotobasedonhowattractivethefoodlooked.Afterwardbothgroupsenjoyedasnackofsaltedpeanuts.Thegroupthatlookedatpicturesofsaltyfoodslikedthepeanutslessthanthegroupwholookedatdesserts，eventhoughnoonesawphotosofpeanuts.“Ifyouwanttoenjoyyourmeal，avoidlookingattoomanypicturesoffood，”Larsonsaid.“EvenIfeltalittlesicktomystomachduringthestudyafterlookingatallthesweetpictureswehad.”Theresearchersbelievethatfooddoesn’ttasteasgoodafterviewingallthosephotosbecauselookingatmanyphotosmakespeoplefeelasiftheyhavealreadyexperiencedthesensation(感觉)ofeating.Whateversomeoneeatsafterlookingatphotosdoesn’tseemasgoodaswhatshesaw.“Inaway，you’rebecomingtiredofthattastewithouteveneatingthefood，”saidElder.“It’ssensoryboredom—you’vekindofmovedon.Youdon’twantthattasteexperienceanymore.”Butthereissomegoodnews：Peopleneedtolookatalotoffoodphotostoexperiencesensoryboredom.Soifyouwanttoenjoyyournextbrunch，playitsafeandstayawayfromyourfoodiefriend’sphotoalbums.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐，并解释了Instagram影响人们食欲的原因。12．Whatdidtheresearchersdointheexperiment?A．Theyshowedpeanutpicturestoparticipants.B．Theychose232participantswhoenjoyeating.C．Theyremindedparticipantstoavoidsweetfood.D．Theyaskedparticipantstoeatsomesaltedpeanuts.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Afterwardbothgroupsenjoyedasnackofsaltedpeanuts.”可知，研究者要求参与者吃一些咸花生。故选D。13．Whathappenedtotheparticipantsinthesaltygroup?A．Theywereafraidofratingfoodpictures.B．Theyfoundsaltedpeanutslessenjoyable.C．Theyenjoyedtheirmealsalotmore.D．Theycomparedtheirfoodwithothers’．答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，他们觉得咸花生没那么美味。故选B。14．Whichofthefollowingshows“sensoryboredom”？A．Youloseyoursenseoftastewhenyoufeelextremelytired.B．Youareboredwithyourmealaftertakingpicturesoffood.C．Youfindfoodlessdeliciousafterseeingmanyfoodpictures.D．Youeatmorethanbeforewhenthefoodtastesdelicious.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段内容可知，看了很多食物图片后，你会觉得食物不好吃了，这是一种感官上的厌倦。故选C。15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowWeCanStayawayfromInstagramB．WhatCausesPeopletoEnjoySaltyFoods?C．WhyInstagramIsReducingYourAppetiteD．WhichFoodTastesLessDelicious?答案C解析标题归纳题。根据文章第一段和全文内容可知，文章主要解释了为什么Instagram会降低人们的食欲。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itisnevereasytoplayforabiggerteam.However，someathletesmadeittotopcompetition.Belowaretheirtipsforsuccess.·1MarcusMariota，oncetitledthebestcollegefootballplayerinthecountry，hasbeenastartingquarterbackfortheTennesseeTitanssince2015.“Playinginabrand-newcity，withanewteam，therearelotsofthingsyou’renotfamiliarwith.Ilearntalotfromtheteam’sexperiencedplayersandtheyhelpedmehandlethetransition(过渡)，makingmefeelwelcome.2”·Slowyourpaceandbepatient.AfterjustoneyearattheUniversityofKentucky，forwardKarl-AnthonyTownssignedwithastateteam，playingcenternow.“Asanewcomer，thingsaregoingamillionmilesperhour.Ihadtoslowdownandlearntobepatient.3Makingmistakesispartofthelearningexperience.”·Staycalmaboutplayingtime.AtClemsonUniversity，KyleFisherwasnamedPlayeroftheYear.Henowplaysforanationalclub.“Thedifficultpa