北京市顺义区第九中学2023-2024学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题 含解析

顺义九中2023-2024高三下学期3月月考（英语）2024.3.18一、完型（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained___1___aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor___2___.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully___3___.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically___5___herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas___6___her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(货币).Ineededto___7___hercooperation.“Here,I’ll___8___youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith___9___.Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,_____10_____radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfied B.surprised C.awkward D.ashamed2.A.trust B.acceptance C.understanding D.respect3.A.angry B.puzzled C.serious D.lonely4.A.unwilling B.eager C.determined D.disappointed5.A.studied B.selected C.supported D.examined6.A.comforting B.warming C.paining D.protecting7.A.consider B.permit C.check D.ensure8.A.help B.pay C.prepare D.forgive9.A.relief B.concern C.sorrow D.regret10.A.excitement B.courage C.guilt D.impatience【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者请Brianna帮助新来的女孩Molly融入新的集体，并答应给Brianna班级的货币。Brianna与Molly聊天之后，成为了朋友，并内疚地把班级货币还给了作者。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然新学期已经开始了几个星期，但新来的女孩Molly在同学面前仍然感到很尴尬。A.satisfied感到满意的；B.surprised感到惊奇的；C.awkward尴尬的；D.ashamed惭愧的。根据下文““Brianna,Mollylooksawfully___3___.”可知，新来的Molly感到很尴尬，故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎不知道该做什么或说什么，但我却看到她渴望被接纳的眼睛。A.trust信任；B.acceptance接受、接纳；C.understanding理解；D.respect尊敬。根据“Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay”可知，Molly刚到新的班级，认识新的同学，她不知道做什么和说什么，无法融入新的集体，故推知Molly渴望获得新同学的接纳和认可，故选B。3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna，Molly一个人看起来很孤独。A.angry生气的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.serious严肃的；D.lonely孤独的。根据上文“Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.”可知，Molly独自坐着，所以她应该是看起来孤独的，故选D。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna叹了一口气。我看得出来，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道她是如此的善良。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.eager渴望的；C.determined决心的；D.disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“Briannasighed.”可知，Brianna叹了一口气，说明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特意选择了她来执行这项任务。A.studied学习；B.selected选择；C.supported支持；D.examined仔细检查。根据上文“Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我选择Brianna去邀请Molly，故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道这个选择让她很痛苦，我把手伸进口袋，掏出一个D-buck——我们班的货币。A.comforting安慰；B.warming使温暖；C.paining使苦恼；D.protecting保护。根据上文“Briannasighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的请求使她感到苦恼，故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要确保她的合作。A.consider考虑；B.permit允许；C.check检查；D.ensure确保。根据“IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币。故推知我想确保Brianna能答应我的请求，与我合作。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：给你，我会为你的时间付D-buck的。A.help帮助；B.pay支付；C.prepare准备；D.forgive原谅。根据“IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币，花班级货币买她的时间。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们最后一起走回去时，我松了一口气。A.relief宽慰、解脱；B.concern关心；C.sorrow悲伤；D.regret后悔。根据“Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.”及“Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether”可知，Brianna答应了我请求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很顺利。故推知我不再担心Molly孤单一人，所以松了口气，故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不应该保留这个。”她的目光落在脚上，内疚从她平静的声音中散发出来。A.excitement兴奋；B.courage勇气；C.guilt内疚；D.impatience不耐烦。根据“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”及“Hereyesfelltoherfeet”可知，Brianna认为自己不该为了要D-buck，才和Molly聊天，低下了头。通过动作描写可知，Brianna为自己的行为感到很内疚，故选C。二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A语法填空Glassrecyclinghasbecomesuchabigindustrythattheamountofglass____11____(recycle)isnotmeetingthedemandfornewglasstobeproduced.SomestatesinU.S.haveattemptedtoresolvethissituationinhopesofencouragingthe____12____(produce)ofglassoverplasticbyofferingmonetaryincentives(奖励)forglass.Forexample,Californiahasaspecialprogram____13____youcanearnfivecentsformostglassbottlesaswellasplasticonesandaluminumcanslessthan24ounces.Foritemsover24ounces,youcanearn10centseach.【答案】11.recycled12.production13.where【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了玻璃回收已经成为一个巨大的产业，以至于回收的玻璃数量无法满足新玻璃的生产需求。美国的一些州试图解决这一问题，希望通过提供金钱奖励来鼓励玻璃的生产，而不是塑料。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃回收已经成为一个巨大的产业，以至于回收的玻璃数量无法满足新玻璃的生产需求。分析句子结构可知recycle与逻辑主语glass构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填recycled。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：美国的一些州试图解决这一问题，希望通过提供金钱奖励来鼓励玻璃的生产，而不是塑料。作动词的宾语，应用名词production，不可数。故填production。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：例如，加州有一个特殊的计划，你可以赚5美分，大多数玻璃瓶，塑料和铝罐少于24盎司。定语从句修饰先行词program，在从句作地点状语，故填where。B语法填空WhenMarkwasdrivingtothemartialartsgymwherehetrainsandvolunteers,hesaw____14____lookedlikeapolicepursuit.SoonMarkrealizedtheofficerdidnothavecontrolofthesituation.Jumpingoutofhiscar,Markidentifiedhimselfandspelledouthisintention____15____(make)ittwo-on-oneintheofficer’sfavor.Then,withtheofficer____16____(struggle)tocontroltheman’supperbody,Markputhisweightontheman’slegs.Butthesuspectmanagedtorolltohisright,ontohisstomach.Markimmediately____17____(apply)amartialmovetocontrolhisshoulderandupperbody.Afewsecondslater,thesuspectgaveout.Theofficersecuredahandcuffandthethreatwasover.【答案】14.what15.tomake16.struggling17.applied【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了马克在开车途中遇到警察在追捕犯人，于是帮助警察制服嫌疑人的故事。【14题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当马克开车去他训练和做志愿者的武术馆时，他看到了警察看起来像是在追捕什么。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事情应用what。故填what。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：马克从车里跳了出来，表明了自己的身份，并阐明了他要以二对一的方式帮助警察的意图。短语intentiontodosth.表示“做某事的意图”。故填tomake。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，当警察努力控制那名男子的上半身时，马克把他的体重压在了那名男子的腿上。此处为with的复合结构，officer与struggle构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填struggling。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：马克立即用一个武术动作来控制他的肩膀和上半身。结合上文可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填applied。C语法填空IntheStates,tourismisclearlynotanenvironmentally“clean”industry.Peopledonotjustshowup,spend___18___(they)moneyandleave.Instead,theyshowup,andiftheyhavemoremoneythanthelocalsdo,theymoveinandtellafriend.Somorepeopleareattracted____19____thisplaceandmorehomesarebuiltforthem.Butthesehomesareoftenpricingoutthelocals.Thehospitalityindustrydoescreatejobs,butmanyofthesejobsdon’tpayalot.Thetaxesthatcomefromtourism____20____(use)tofixtheproblemsthattourismcausesinthefirstplace.【答案】18.their19.to20.areused【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国旅游业的特点以及问题。【18题详解】考查代词。句意：人们不会只是出现，花完钱就离开。修饰名词money应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【19题详解】考查固定短语。句意：所以越来越多的人被吸引到这个地方，越来越多的房子为他们建造。短语beattractedto表示“被吸引”。故填to。【20题详解】考查时态语态。句意：来自旅游业的税收首先用于解决旅游业造成的问题。主语与与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Thetaxes，谓语用复数。故填areused。三、阅读理解第一节、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）AWelcometoAMDAYourfutureintheperformingartsdoesn’thavetobeadream.Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeofthemostsuccessfulcareersintheatre,filmandtelevision.AMDAcreatesindustryprofessionalswhodon’tjustwaitforlifetohappen—theystagetheirowncareerpath.Nowit’syourturn.ProgramdescriptionAtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthefirstday,you’llfindmanyperformanceopportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutoftheclassroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.Overthecourseofyourfoursemesters(学期),you’llalsoimproveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensivecurriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationalandadvancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.Finally,throughcoursesincareerpreparation,you’lllearnhowtoapplyallofthistrainingtoasuccessfulcareeronstageandscreen.PhilosophyandmissionAMDAiscommittedtoprovidingasplendidperformingartseducationtoadiversecommunityofcreativeartists.AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupportandopportunitytoidentifytheirownpersonalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartisticvoices.AMDAtriestocreateanenvironmentforstudentstodeveloptheskills,confidence,andpowertocontributetotheircommunityasartists,businesspeople,andhard-workingcitizensoftheworldAboveall,AMDAwantstoteachstudentsthatcommitmentandpassionarethemarksofasuccessfulandjoyouscareer.Registration6305YuccaStreetLosAngeles800-367-7908https://21.Whatisthecurriculum(课程)ofAMDAabout?A.Drawing. B.Philosophy. C.Photography. D.Performing22.Howlongdoesthecourselast?A.Twoyears. B.Onesemester. C.Threesemesters. D.Fouryears.23.WhatcanstudentslearninAMDA?A.Howtotrainaperformer. B.Howtosingbeautifully.C.Thewaytobuildastage. D.Thewaytobeadirector.【答案】21.D22.A23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍AMDA提供表演艺术相关课程和职业准备。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeofthemostsuccessfulcareersintheatre,filmandtelevision.(50多年来，AMDA在戏剧、电影和电视领域开创了一些最成功的职业生涯。)”可知，AMDA的课程是关于表演的。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Programdescription”中的“Overthecourseofyourfoursemesters(学期),you’llalsoimproveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensivecurriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationalandadvancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.(在您的四个学期的过程中，您还将通过集中在表演，音乐剧和舞蹈的基础和高级概念的强化课程来提高您的表演技术。)”可知，课程持续四个学期，即两年。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据“Programdescription”中的“AtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthefirstday,you’llfindmanyperformanceopportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutoftheclassroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.(在AMDA，我们相信表演者必须表演。从第一天开始，你会发现在表演的三个核心领域有很多表演机会，无论是在教室里还是在教室外，再加上个人的声音课。)”和“Philosophyandmission”中的“AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupportandopportunitytoidentifytheirownpersonalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartisticvoices.(AMDA既是学校也是舞台，在这里，学生们得到了支持和机会，以确定自己的个人目标，并发展和提高自己独特的艺术声音。)”可知，学生们在AMDA可以学到唱歌的技巧，学习怎样唱歌唱得好听。故选B。BInearly2018,IwastrainingfortheLondonMarathon—thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmylife.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.WhathasbecomeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaroundmylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlikeraces.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI’mslowlyploddingalong,andthat’sgoodenough.24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe________.A.hadtostopworkingout B.becamephysicallywornoutC.lostthedataonthewatch D.feltasharppaininthelegs25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas________.A.afunhobbyforenjoyment B.astrongneedforrecognitionC.amethodofescapingpunishment D.awayofbeingabetterrunner26.Whatdoes“beingbetter”meantotheauthornow?A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces. B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks. D.Improvingheroverallwell-being.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Adjustmentbringshappiness. B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.C.Sportscontributetohappiness. D.Successequalsself-improvement.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles(34km)—IthrewmyselfdownonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twenty-onemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里（34公里）长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。我在客厅地板上哭泣的悲惨画面基本上概括了我与运动追踪技术的关系)”可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,compareitwithotherpeople’sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoself-improvement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn’tit?Thepointwastobebetter.(当你变得更强壮、更快时，看着你的数据在运行的应用程序上发生变化，这可能是一种完全的快乐。我曾经很喜欢它，但在某种程度上，它成了我用来惩罚自己的棍子。我会观察自己的速度，和别人比较，或者批评自己没有快30秒。我从未真正意识到运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，跟踪是自我提升的途径，而重点是提高，不是吗？关键是要变得更好)”可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为成为更好的跑步者的一种方式。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymindfeelsafterwards-clearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.(我现在跑步时注意到的事情包括：我的腿感觉如何，以及跑步后我的思维感觉如何——清晰而专注。我注意到狗，运河边野生植物的气味和我脸上的阳光（好吧，风雨）)”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第四段“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter”hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears’worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”的概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象地困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。这意味着要照顾好自己，在一天中感受一些快乐。一旦我开始好转，我就会反思生活中什么让我快乐，什么让我不快乐。所以，我不再跟踪我的跑步，只是删除了多年来对我非常重要的数据，而现在这些数据对我来说毫无意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此推知，我们可从文章得知调整带来快乐。故选A。CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比关系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping-obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon. D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthanbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravelchoices.C.EpidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareasD.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.【答案】28.D29.D30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新研究，利用简单数学定律预测全球城市旅行模式，并介绍该定律的优点。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.(这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”与makethemostof意义一致，故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.(许多研究人员使用“重力模型”来估计旅行，该模型假设城市之间的移动与其人口规模成比例的。但这些模型没有考虑到城市内部的旅行。这些信息在处理疾病传播时尤其重要。流行病学家SamScarpino表示，基于这一新发现，可能会更好地跟踪这种流动。)”可知，本段主要说明“重力模型”的缺点，它没有考虑到城市内部的旅行，会对处理疾病传播有影响。第五段“Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.(地理学家和移动性研究员KathleenStewart说：“了解这些模式不仅对于规划新购物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且对于模拟城市内的疾病传播也很重要。”)”说明了平方反比原理的优点。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravitymodels是为了展现重力模型的缺点及平方反比原理的优点，故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.(在一个较小的农村地区，许多人经常去同一家杂货店，随着病毒席卷整个社区，整个城镇将经历急剧的感染高峰。他解释说：“但在一个更大的城市，传播需要更长的时间，因为小型流行病可以轻微地、单独地发生在每个社区。”)”可知，病毒在农村地区的传播速度比在大城市传播的速度快，故选A。DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivericeream.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolve,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn’ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemolishingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,we,willfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoMikeBerners-Lee,______.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.weareclosertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demolising”inParagraph6canbereplacedby______.A.wasting B.devaluingC.distributing D.justifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontotherenewableenergy?A.Indifferent. B.Defensive.C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.【答案】31.A32.C33.A34.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们对化石燃料的依赖及能源转移的前景和缺点。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.(这一事件及时地提醒我们，我们是多么依赖化石燃料。尽管我们对风能和太阳能发电充满热情、抱有乐观的看法，但石油和天然气的使用以这种或那种方式贯穿于我们经济和社会生活的方方面面，今后几十年的情况也将如此。)”可知，石油和天然气这样的传统燃料对我们生活非常重要。故前两段主要讲传统燃料的重要性，故选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.(能源使用量将继续上升，而能源转变往往需要很长时间，而且永远不会真正结束。我们只是在旧的资源之上堆积新的来源。世界仍然使用与100年前相同数量的传统生物量（木材等）。我们仍然一动不动，没有改变。)”可知，能源转变耗时长，不会真正结束，故推知能源转变很难实现，故选C。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据第六段的第一句“Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.(不管怎样，事实是，无论我们喜欢与否，我们的能源转型都需要长期依赖化石燃料)”和根据下文的“Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.”（相反，在我们等待由可再生能源主导的未来的工程挑战被解决的同时，我们应该专注于使它们的开采更加清洁和高效）可知，我们需要长期依赖化石燃料，我们应该专注于使它们的开采更加清洁和高效。也就是说我们不能浪费化石燃料，故demolishing的意思是“浪费”，与wasting意义一致。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.(无论哪种方式，事实是，无论我们喜欢与否，我们的能源转转变都涉及对化石燃料的长期依赖。)”及最后一段“Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,we,willfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.(如果我们不这样做——如果我们允许自己被太阳能的先进所欺骗，以至于我们认为不再需要肮脏的燃料来生产冰淇淋，我们就会发现未来被不必要的昂贵能源所阻碍——几乎可以肯定的是，没有冰淇淋。)”可知，我们仍然长期依赖化石燃料。如果只是依赖可再生能源的转移，我们将被这些能源所阻碍，故推知，作者认为不能只是依赖可再生能源，对转变成可再生能源持小心谨慎的态度。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中