2024年牛津深圳版中考英语一轮复习第四讲冠词

第五讲冠词导学案教学内容：1．不定冠词a,an的用法区别。2．定冠词the的用法。3．不用冠词的情况。4．习惯用语中冠词的用法。【知识要点】Ⅰ、冠词的基本用法冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。（一）不定冠词a,an的用法如下：1．表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)Adictionaryisausefulbook.Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.2．用于表示数量、时间的名词前，表示"一"的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。Theplanwillbereadyinadayortwo,onceaweek.3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：Aboyiswaitingforme.Givemeapen,please.4．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一份，一场”等。Wouldyoulikeadrink?你想喝杯饮料吗？Therewillbeaheavyraintomorrow.明天将会有大雨。6．用于可视为一体的两个名词前。aknifeandfork一副刀叉7．用于某些固定短语中afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry,forawhile,foralongtime,acupof,abottleof,havearest,haveatalk,haveafever,haveagoodtime,have(take)awalk,haveatoothache,takeabath,givealessonafterawhile，inaword8．用于固定结构后，如：quite/half/rather/many/such＋a(an)＋名词He'squiteafamousartist.他是个很有名的艺术家。Manyamanwouldwelesuchanopportunity.许多人会很高兴有这样一个机会。（二）定冠词the定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。定冠词的用法如下：1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.Goandclosethewindow.2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：Thegirlinredismysister.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thebookonthedeskismine.3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如：Hewonthefirstprize.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Thesunrisesintheeast.5．指世上独一无二的事物或用于对两个人或事物比较时起特指作用的比较级前。Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.两个男孩中他较高点。thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth6．用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前加the。playthepiano弹钢琴playtheguitar弹吉他7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlaintheRockyMountainstheYangtseRiver8．与单数名词连用表示一类事物；或与形容词或分词连用表示一类人thedollar(美元)therich,thesick,theliving(生者)thewounded(伤员)9．用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。如：theGreatWallthePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedNationstheNetherlands10．在一些用语中，如：inthemorning(/afternoon/evening),intheday,bytheway,onthewhole,thenextmorning,alltheyeararound,theotherday,atthesametime（三）零冠词(不用冠词)的用法1．在专有名词前不加冠词，如国名、省名、城市名、街名、公园名等。SanyaisinHainanProvince.三亚在海南省。WeliveinChina.我们住在中国。2．一日三餐、球类运动、棋类、语言和学科前不加冠词。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.早上他没吃早饭就去上学了。Theylikeplayingfootballafterschool.他们喜欢放学后踢足球。IlikeEnglishverymuch.我非常喜欢英语。表示节日、季节、星期、月份的名词前不加冠词，但若特指某年的某月、某季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the。TodayisFriday/July14th.今天是星期五/7月14日。Itissummernow.现在是夏天。YesterdaywasMarch8th,Women'sDay.昨天是3月8日妇女节。4．在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。ThisisProfessorWang.这是王教授。Heiscaptainoftheteam.他是队长。5．在有物主代词、不定代词、指示代词等作定语的名词前，不用冠词。HisbirthdayisSeptember8th.他的生日是9月8日。Howmucharetheseshoes?这些鞋多少钱？6．不可数名词前一般不用冠词。Whichdoeshelikebetter,fishorchicken?他更喜欢哪一个，鱼还是鸡？7．泛指的复数名词前不用冠词。Animalsliveintheforest.动物生活在树林里。8．与by连用的交通工具前不用冠词，但与take或介词连用时，名词前要加冠词。Theyoftengotoschoolbybus.他们通常做公共汽车去上学。takeabus，inaboat，onthebike9．在某些固定的词组或习语中，不用冠词。facetoface，watchTV，stepbystep，atfirst/last,introuble/danger，on/intime，gotoschool/work，atnoon/nightII、复习时需要注意的要点1．不定冠词a/an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一个单词是元音开头还是辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据首字母。如：anhonestboy，ausefulbookThereisan“f”intheword“five”.在“five”中有字母“f”。我们可以这样来记忆：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。(1).在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x，其他用a。(2).以u开头的单词，要注意区别。如：anumbrella，anunusualstory，anunhappyboy，auniversity，ausefulbook2．序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“the＋序数词”表示“第几……”；“a＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”。如：Thecakeisdelicious，andIwouldlikeasecondone.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。3．anumberof与thenumberof的辨析anumberof意思是“许多”，相当于alotof；thenumberof意思是“……的数目，……的数量”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Anumberofstudentslikeplayingputergames.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。Thenumberofthestudentsisabout1,500inourschool.我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。5．在句型“动词＋人＋介词＋the＋人体部位”中要用the，而不用物主代词。如：takesb.bythehand抓住某人的手hitsb.onthehead打某人的头patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩hitsb.intheface打某人的脸6．当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a或an的位置应注意：(1).当名词被such，half，what，many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。如：Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘了关门。Ittookmehalfanhourtowritetheletter.写那封信花了我半个小时。(但在美国，半个小时也可以说成ahalfhour。)Whataninterestingbookitis!这是多么有趣的一本书啊！Manyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.许多人到大城市去打工了。7．有定冠词与无定冠词的区别(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotoschool上学是学生,gototheschool到学校去不一定是学生))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotobed就寝，上床睡觉,gotothebed向床边走去，走到床前,不一定是去睡觉))(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inhospital因病住院,inthehospital在医院里不一定是病人))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(attable吃饭,atthetable在桌子旁边))(5)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(atschool在上学,attheschool在学校里))(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inclass在上课,intheclass在班级里))(7)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(infuture今后,inthefuture将来))(8)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(infrontof在……外部的前面,inthefrontof在……内部的前面))(9)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nextyear明年,thenextyear第二年))(10)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bysea乘船,bythesea在海边))(11)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inbed睡、病、躺在床上,inthebed某物在床上))(12)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(onearth究竟,ontheearth在地球上))8．在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arminarm（手挽手）;handinhand（手牵手）;sidebyside（肩对肩）;dayandday（日日夜夜）;youngandold（老老少少）;fromdoortodoor（挨门挨户）;frombeginningtoend（从头到尾）;frommorningtillnight（从早到晚）等。跟踪巩固练习：1.—Howabout________talentshow?—Ishouldsayitwas________greatsuccess.A．/;theB．a;theC．the;aD．the;/2.We'dbettergetreadyforthedinnernowbecause____Greensareingtovisitustonight.A．aB．anC．theD．/3.—You'vedropped________“s”intheword“necessary”．—Oh,________letter“s”isdoubled.A．a;an B．a;the C．an;theD．the;the4．—DoyouknowMeimei?—Yes,sheisfromauniversityandsheis________honestgirl.A．aB．anC．/D．the5．—Whatwouldyoulikefor________breakfast,Mr.Green?—Twopiecesofbreadand________cupoftea,please.A．a;theB．/;aC．/;the6．—Shallwepay________visittoExpo2010，Shanghai?—No，I'dratherstayathomeandplay________football.A．a;theB．the；aC．/;theD．a;/7．Manypeoplethinkthat2012isoneof________mostsuccessfulfilms.A．aB．anC．theD．/8．Ifyouworkhard,you'llget________“A”intheexam.A．aB．anC．the9．—What's________mostusefulinventioninthe20thcentury?—________puter,Ithink.A．the;AB．a;AC．the;The D．/;The10．Avatar(阿凡达)issuch_____wonderfulsciencefictionmoviethatIwanttoseeit____secondtime.A．a;aB．a;theC．/;the D．/;a11．Theyoftentake________walkafterdinner.A．aB．∕C．theD．an12．Jacklikesplaying________soccer,buthedoesn'tlikeplaying________piano.A．/;/B．the;/C．the;theD．/;the13．There's________800­metre­longroadbehind________hospital.A．an;anB．a;aC．an;theD．a;the14．_____Elephant/elephantisbiggerthan_____horse.A.不填/不填B.The/aC.An/aD.不填/the15．Whathappened?Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a16．Ittookme_____hourand_____halftofinish_____work.A.a/a/aB.an/a/aC.an/a/theD.an/a/不填17．____doctortoldmetotake____medicinethreetimes____day,stayin_____bed,andthenIwouldbebettersoon.A.不填/a/a/theB.A/the/the/不填C.The/the/a/不填D.The/不填/a/不填18．_____Snow/snowiswhite._____Snow/snowthatcovers_____topof_____mountainis_____beautifulsight.A.The/The/the/the/theB.不填/不填/the/the/aC.不填/The/the/the/aD.不填/不填/不填/the/the19．_____rades/radesherearefriendlytome.A.AB.AnC.TheD.不填20．Myunclewaselected_____principaloftheNo.1MiddleSchool.A.aB.anC.theD.不填21．Ihavetoworkatleasteighthours_____day.A.anotherB.aC.theD.an22．Heis_____ofourschool.A.ateacherB.theteacherC.teacherD.onlyteacher23．Beyond_____stars,theastronautssawnothingbut_____space.A.the/不填B.不填/theC.不填/不填D.the/the24．Englishis＿＿＿usefullanguagein＿＿＿world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the25．Lookat＿＿＿picture!There's＿＿＿houseinit.A.a,aB.the,theCa,theDthe,a26．Heusuallygoestoschoolon＿＿＿foot.A.aB.anC.theD./27．Wecanusuallysee______fullmoonontheeveningofAugust_______15th.A.the;aB.a;aC.a;theD.the;the28．IntheUnitedStates,Father'sDayfallson_______thirdSunday_______June.A.the;/B.the;aC./;theD.a;/二、完型填空。Someonesays,“Timeismoney.”ButIthinktimeis__1__importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecangetitback.However,whentimeis2it’llnever3.That’s4wemustn’twastetime.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo6__useful.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,drinkingand__7.Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeanswastingpartoftheirown__8.Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn’t9today’sworkfortomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimeto10.1.A.much B.less C.muchless D.evenmore2.A.cost B.bought C.gone D.finished3.A.return B.carry C.take D.bring4.A.what B.that C.because D.why5.A.money B.time C.day D.food6.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything7.A.reading B.writing C.playing D.working8.A.time B.food C.money D.life9.A.stop B.leave C.let D.give10.A.lose B.save C.spend D.take三、阅读理解。(A)PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighboringfarms．For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblem．However，oneautumn，thingschanged．Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifference．Thedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers．OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul’sdoor．Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox．“I’mlookingforafewdays’work，”thebuildersaid．“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder．“Idohaveajobforyou．Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromthefiverandmadethecreek．ButI'11gohimonebetter．Seethatpileofwood?1wantyoutobuildmeafence，twometerstall，so1won’tneedtoseehimanymore．”Thebuildersaidthoughtfully．“IthinkIunderstandthesituationandI'llbeabletodoajobthatpleasesyou．”Paulhadbusinessintownthatdayandleftthebuildertohiswork．Whenhereturned，thebuilderhadjustfinishedhisjob．Paulwasshocked．Insteadofafencetherewasabridge，stretchingfromonesideofthecreektotheother．AsPaulstoodonthebridge，staringinamazement，hisyoungerbrotherJason，cameacross，andtookPaul’shand．“Youareagoodmantohavebuiltthisbridgeaftera11I'vedone，”saidJason．Then，Paul，withtearsinhiseyes，saidtothebuilderwhowaspackinghisbagtogo，“Thankyousomuch。Pleasestay．Ihavemuchmoreforyoutodo．”“I’dloveto．”thebuildersaidquietly，“'but，Ihavemanymorebridgestobuild.”()1．Whatwasthecauseofthedisagreementbetweenthetwobrothers?A．Thediggingofthecreek．B．Aproblemaboutafarmanimal．C．Whoownedthefieldbetweenthefarms．D．Whowouldpayforbuildingthefence．()2．Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4means·A．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD．helphimout()3．Whatdoweknowaboutthebrothers?A．Theyhadbeenfightingformanyyears．B．Theirfarmswerenotverysuccessful．C．Theyfinallyrealizedtheirmistakes．D．Theylikedbuildingbridges．()4．Whydidthebuilderbuildthebridge?A．Heneededawaytogetacrosstheriver．B．Therewasnotenoughwoodforthefence．C．HemisunderstoodPaul’sinstructions．D．Hewantedtobringthebrotherstogether．()5．Inwhatorderdidthefollowingtakeplaceinthestory?a．Thebrothersstoodonthebridge．b．Jasondugthecreek．c．Thebrothersbecameangrywitheachother,d．Thebuilderaskedforwork．e．Paulwentintotown．A．b，c，e，d，aB．c，b，d，e，aC．b，e，c，a，dD．c，d，b，a，e(B)LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones．Yetmanypeoplecontinuetouse．Thenwhiledrivingeventhoughit’sdangerous．

Researchhasshownthatitisdifficulttoconcentrateondrivingandtalkingatthesametime．Itcanevenbemoredangerousthandrivingafterdrinkingtoomuch．Arecentstudyfoundthatwhendriversweretalkingontheirmobilephones，theirstoppingtimeswere30percentslowerthanwhentheyhaddrunktoomuch—andnearly50percentslowerthanwhentheyweredrivingnormally．Italsofoundthatdriverstalkingonmobilephoneswerelessabletocontroltheircarsthandrunkdrivers．Andtalkingisn’teventhemostseriousproblem．Textingis．Unbelievably,anotherrecentstudyreportedthat22％ofadultsadmittedtheyhadsentatextmessagewhiledrivingatleastonceinthepastmonth．Anaveragetextmessagetakes90secondstowriteandsend．Thatmeansforoneandahalfminutesadriverislookingattheirphone’sscreenandnotattheroad．ThearrivalofnewsmartphonessuchastheiPhonewillonlymakemattersworseastheywillallowuserstodomorethingsthaneverbefore．Usingamobilephonewhiledrivingputsothers’livesatrisk．Nomatterhowwellwedrive，ifanotherdriverisnotbeingprofessionalorcareful，weareputindangerbytheiractions．Suchdriversareselfish，carelessandshouldhavetheirdrivinglicenses(驾照)cancelled．Thereisnodoubtthatmobilephonescallbefunandareextremelyuseful，especiallywhenyou’reintrouble．Butthereisnoneedtousethemwhiledriving．Justwaituntilyoustoporyouwillprobablygetintotroubleofyourown．()6．Theunderlinedword“'them”inparagraph1refersto.A．phoneusersB．mobilephonesC．driversD．ears()7．Accordingtothepassage，ifadriverneeds10secondstostopwhendrivingnormally,theywill

needsecondstostopwhentalkingonamobilephone．A．12．B．13．C．14.D．15．()8．Accordingtothepassage，inwhatorderdothefollowingactivitiesinfluencedriving?

Dangerous→Moredangerous→Most