外研版七年级英语下册各模块语法知识+专项练习

外研版七年级英语下册各模块语法知识汇总+专项练习M1形容词性和名词性物主代词专项练习语法：1．物主代词分为两种：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。（1）形容词性物主代词，它不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词。如：Wearedoingourhomework.（我们正在做家庭作业。）（2）名词性物主代词，它具有名词的性质，可以单独使用。如：Myshirtisblack,butyoursiswhite.(我的衬衫是黑色的，但你的是白色的。)（3）名词性物主代词具有“形容词性物主代词+名词”的作用。如：Whosecombisit?It’shers.（hers=her+comb）对照表物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs注意：名词性物主代词可指一件东西，也可指很多件东西，看上下文决定。如： Where’syourbook?Mineisonthedesk.(指我的一本书) Whereareyourbooks?Mineareonthedesk.(指我的很多书)选择填空：1.Thisismyteapot.It’snot__________.(your/yours)2.Myhairdryerisonthedesk.Where’s____________?(her/hers)3.___________hairdryerisnotonthetable.___________isthere.(Her/Mine)4.Whosecalculatorisit?It’s__________.It’s__________calculator.(my/mine)5.Arethey___________(your/yours)combs?Yes,they’re_________(our/ours).用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)

3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)

4._____ismybrother.______nameisJack.

Look!Thosestampsare_______.(he)

5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)

6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)

7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)

8.Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)

9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)

10.Shall_______havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis________classroom.(we)

11._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)

12.Whereare________?Ican’tfind________.Let’scall________parents.(they)

13._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)

14.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)

M2情态动词can结构：can+动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。例如：Icanswim.Damingcanrideabike.Hecantdriveacar.

2.否定形式：cannot/cant,cannot比缩略形式cant要正式。口语中一般用缩略形式。

3.用法

A.表示能力（体力、知识、技能等），此时可用beableto代替。

例如：Marycanspeakthreelanguages.玛丽会说三种语言。

=Maryisabletospeakthreelanguages.

注意：（1）can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。

例如：Illnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.今天下午我将会来。

（2）当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事时应用beableto，不能用can。

例如：Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.尽管很大雨，他昨天能来参加聚会。

B.表示请求和允许。例如：---CanIgonow?---Yes,youcan./No,youcannot/cant.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might（不可用于肯定句、否定句或答语）代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉。例如：---CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?---Yes,youcan.(No,Imafraidnot.)

3、表示可能性猜测。例如：Themanovertherecantbemyuncle.MyunclehasgonetoBeijing.那个人不可能是我的叔叔。我的叔叔去北京了。练习题

()1.---CanIgofishingwithyou,Dad?

---No,you_____.You______stayathomeanddoyourhomeworkfirst.

A.won’t;mayB.can’tmustC.shouldn’t;oughtD.needn’t;should

()2.---Doyouknowwhosedictionaryitis?---It______LiMei’s.Hisnameisonit.

A.can’tB.must’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t

()3.---Ican’tstopsmoking,doctor.---Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.

A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn’t

()4.---IsMr.Browndrivinghere?---I’mnotsure.He______comebytrain.

A.mayB.shallC.needD.mustM3-M4一般将来时定义表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。常用的时间状语：tomorrow

morning

/afternoon/evening(明天早、中、晚),

the

day

after

tomorrow(后天)，next

year(明年)

，next

month(下一个月)

，next

week(下一个星期)

，

soon(不久)

，later

on过些时间，

this

afternoon（今天下午),

in+段时间

（

in

2020

在2020年

）............构成及变化

一般将来时常用的两种结构：

be

going

to+do

:

表示打算、计划做某事或有意做某事。shall／will+do

：描述未来的事情或表达对将来的预测等。begoingtowill/shalldo肯定句主语+

be(am

/,is,/

are)

going

to

+动词原形+其它主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它否定句主语+be（am

/

is

/

are）not

going

to

+动词原形

+其它主语

+

will

/shall+

not

+

动词原形

+其它一般疑问句Be

(am

/

is

/

are)+主语+going

to+动词原型+其它?

will/shall+主语

+动词原形+其它？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句

?

特殊疑问词(Wh-)

+一般疑问句？will与be

going

to

的区别be

going

to

表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。E.g:I'm

going

to

play

football

tomorrow

afternoon.He

will

be

twenty

years

old.be

going

to

含有“计划，准备”的意思，而

will

则没有这个意思。E.g:She

is

going

to

lend

us

her

book.

He

will

be

here

in

half

an

hour.begoingto表示有迹象要发生的事，will没有。E.g:Look

at

the

dark

clouds,

there

is

going

to

be

a

storm.

看那乌云，快要下雨了。要点注意1.使用现在进行时表示将来的动词：go，come，arrive，leave，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，start,

die...E.g:I’m

going

to

go

to

the

zoo

this

weekend.=

I’m

going

to

the

zoo

this

weekend.He’s

going

to

leave

for

Paris.=

He’s

leaving

for

Paris.

使用一般现在时表将来的动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return...表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。E.g:The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning.

火车明天上午六点开。

---When

does

the

bus

start?

---It

starts

in

ten

minutes.3.Therebe句型的一般将来时：Therewillbe/Thereis/aregoingtobeE.g:Therewillbeafootballmatchtomorrow.Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchtomorrow.练习(

)

1.

There

__________

a

meeting

tomorrow

afternoon.

A.

will

be

going

to

B.

will

going

to

be

C.

is

going

to

be

D.

will

go

to

be

(

)

2.

Charlie

________

here

next

month.

A.

isn’t

working

B.

doesn’t

working

C.

isn’t

going

to

working

D.

won’t

work

(

)

3.

He

________

very

busy

this

week,

he

________

free

next

week.

A.

will

be;

is

B.

is;

is

C.

will

be;

will

be

D.

is;

will

be

(

)

4.

There

________

a

dolphin

show

in

the

zoo

tomorrow

evening.

A.

was

B.

is

going

to

have

C.

will

have

D.

is

going

to

be

(

)

5.

If

it

________

tomorrow,

we’ll

go

roller-skating.

A.

isn’t

rain

B.

won’t

rain

C.

doesn’t

rain

D.

don’train(

)

6.

Mother

________

me

a

nice

present

on

my

next

birthday.

A.

will

gives

B.

will

give

C.

gives

D.

give

(

)

7.

–

Shall

I

buy

a

cup

of

tea

for

you?

–________.

A.

No,

you

won’t.

B.

No,

you

aren’t.

C.

No,

please

don’.

D.

No,

please.

(

)

8.

Look!

Here

______

the

train!

A.

come

B.

will

come

C.

comes

D.

is

going

to

come(

)

9.

________

a

concert

next

Saturday?

A.

There

will

be

B.

Will

there

be

C.

There

can

be

D.

There

are

(

)

10.

Li

Ming

is

10

years

old

now,

next

year

he

_____11.A.

is

B.

is

going

to

be

C.

will

be

D.

will

to

be

M5特殊疑问句的结构及用法1.特殊疑问句由疑问词引导，不同的疑问词用来询问不同的对象。2.特殊疑问句的句型是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的句式，也就是“疑问词﹢系动词/助动词/情态动词﹢主语﹢其他成分。”3.特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而要对所询问的对象有针对地回答。特殊疑问词：意思用法who谁问人的身份，姓名等HeisLiLieWhoishe?Heismybrother.Whoishe?whose谁的问所属关系Thisisherbook.Whosebookisthis?when什么时候问时间Weplaygamesintheafternoon.Whendoyouplaygames?where什么地方问地点WeplaygamesathomeonSunday?WheredoyouplaygamesonSunday?why为什么问原因Heisn'tatschooltodaybecauseheisill.Whyisn'theatschooltoday?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物Thebigboxismine.Therearetwoboxes.Whichboxisyours?Whichappledoyoulike?Ilikethesmallerone.what什么问人的职业或事物是什么Heisaworker.Whatishe?Hehasabook.Whatdoeshehave?whatcolor什么颜色问颜色Myskirtisred.Whatcolorisyourskirt?whattime几点问时间=whenWeplaygamesatfiveintheafternoon?Whattimedoyouplaygames?whatday星期几问星期几Whatdayisittoday？ItisMonday.how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式、程度等Heisfine/strong.Howishe?（问健康状况）Igohomebybike.Howdoyougohome?（问做事的方式）Theriveris100meters.Howdeepistheriver?(问程度)howold几岁问年龄Heisten.Howoldishe?howmany多少跟可数名词复数，问数量Therearethirtyboysinmyclass.Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?howmuch多少/多少钱跟不可数名词，问数量或价钱Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle?（问数量）Howmuchisthedress?It’s50yuan.（问价钱）howfar多远问路程It'sfivekilometersawayfromhere?Howfarisitfromhere?注意：特殊疑问句的回答不能用Yes/No，要有是在的回答。疑问词填空：1.________________isit?Itiseighto’clock.2.________________willyoucomeback?Intwoweeks.3.________isthemaninred?Heismybrother.4.________penisit?Itismine.5.________didn’tyoucometoschoolyesterday?BecauseIhadacold.6.________________doyouplaychess?Threetimesaweek.7.________________isyourcoat?Itisgreen.8.________________isthetree?It’sabout3.1meterstall.9.________________areyou?I’mtwentyyearsold.10.________________isyourdress?Itis90Yuan.11.________________isthatriver?Itis6metreslong.12.________________areyouin?I’minClass6.13.________isthedatetoday?ItisMay6th.14.________doyoulive?IliveinAmerica.15.________areyou?I’mfine,thankyou.16.________gradeareyouin?I’minGrade7.17.________isyourbirthday?It’sonSeptember26th.M6介词表达问路相关句型Couldyoutellmehowtogetto...?Canyoutellmethewayto...?Canyoushowmethewayto...?Istherea...nearhere?HowcanIget/goto...?/getthere?HowdoIgetto...?/getthere?Whereisthe...?infrontof在（外面的）前面inthefrontof在（里面的）前面goacross=cross穿过（横穿）goalong=godown=walkalong=walkup=follow沿着turnleft/right向左转ontheright/left在右边/左边opposite...在...的对面betweenAandB在A和B之间，between用在两者之间onthecorner（of）...在...的拐角处between...and...在两者之间LinglingsitsbetweenTonyandDaming.玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间。among在三者或三者以上之间MissLiisamonglotsofstudents.李老师在许多同学之间。单选题

()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.

A.infrontof;atbackof

B.inthefrontof;atthebackof

C.infrontof;atthebackof

D.inthefrontof;atbackof

()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim‘sleft.

A.on;on

B.in;at

C.at;in

D.in;on

()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.

A.to;in

B.in;to.

C.on;to

D.to;on()4Don‘tread____thesun.It‘sbad___youreyes.

A.in;to

B.under;for

C.with;to

D.in;for

()5Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.in

B.on

C.of

D.at()6___research___theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation___computers.

A.With;over;at

B.On;at;toC.In;about;into

D.For;with;through

()7Whenapieceoficeistaken____awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil___theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in;in

B.outof;at

C.into;in

D.to;by

()8Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.

A.off;into

B.at;below

C.down;under

D.away;in()9.Theywillhaveamathstest＿＿＿twodaysAforBatCinDafterM7-M10一般过去时1.含义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天）,lastweek（上周）,lastmonth（上个月）,lastyear（去年）,twomonthsago（两个月前）,thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），in1990(在1990年),inthosedays（在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。3．谓语动词结构：V-ed动词过去式变化规则：①一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked②结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted③末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied⑤不规则动词过去式：lose(丢失)----lost；make(制造)----made；mean(意思)----meant；meet(见)----metpay(付)----paid；say(说)----saidsell(卖)----sold；send(送)----sentsit(坐)----sat；sleep(睡)----sleptsmell(嗅)----smelt；spell(拼写)----speltspend(度过)----spent；stand(站)----stoodteach(教)----taught；tell(告诉)----toldwin(赢)----won；think(想)----thoughtunderstand(理解)----understood；begin(开始)----beganblow(吹)----blew；break(打破)----brokechoose(选择)----chose；do(做)----diddraw(画)----drew；drink(喝)----drankdrive(驾驶)----drove；eat(吃)----atefall(落下)----fell；fly(飞)----flewforget(忘)----forgot；give(给)----gavego(去)----went；grow(成长)----grewknow(知道)----knew；lie(躺)----lay----lainring(按铃)----rang；write(写)----wroteride(骑)----rode；see(看见)----sawshow(出示)----showed；wake(弄醒)----wokesing(唱)----sang；speak(讲话)----spokesteal(偷)----stole；wear(穿)----woreswim(游泳)----swam；take(拿)----tookthrow(扔)----threw；become(成为)----becamecome(来)----came；run(跑)----ran4.句式变化规则：（1）Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn't）are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren't）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。（2）句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn't+动词原形，如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.→Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.→DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.→DidJimgohomeyesterday?→WhatdidJimdoyesterday?练习：I:将下列动词变为过去式（规则动词和不规则动词）look2.live3.stop4.carry5.hope6.trip7.call8.finish9.want10.are11.go12.have13.do14.get15.keep16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read22.catch23.listen24.arrive25.planII：句型转换1、他曾是一名学生。肯定句Heastudent.否定句Heastudent.一般疑问句heastudent?肯定回答，.否定回答，.他们昨晚开了一个会。肯定句Theyhadameetinglastnight.否定句Theyameetinglastnight.一般疑问句theyameetinglastnight?肯定回答，.否定回答，.提问：theylastnight?过去时专项练习I:用所给词的适当形式填空。1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.3.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4.There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.5.I___________(call)Mikethismorning.6.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.7.Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.8.Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.9.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.10.ShewatchesTVeveryevening.Butshe_________(notwatch)TVlastnight.11．________yourfather________(go)toworkeverydaylastyear?12.Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday?13.What__________(make)himcry(哭)justnow?14.Lastyeartheteacher_________(tell)usthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.15.There____________(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.16.---When_______you_________(come)tochina?---Lastyear.17.

she________(have)supperathome?18.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.19._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?20.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?21.It________(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside.22.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.II:按要求变换句型。1.Fatherboughtmeanewbike.（否定句）2.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑问句）M11祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。（2）Be+n./adj.Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！（3）Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！4.祈使句的回答，祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。M12感叹句和选择疑问句1.由"what"引导的感叹句：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！2.由"how"引导的感叹句：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语！Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项之间要用连词or连接。注意：or连接的是两种同类的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。——Areyouadoctororateacher？你是医生还是教师？——I’mateacher.我是一名老师。Whichwouldyoulike，teaorcoffee？你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？——I’dlikesometea.我想要茶。单项选择1.________tosmileatyourlifewhenyouareintrouble,andyouwillsoonbehappyagain.A.TryB.TotryC.TryingD.Tried2.—IhearyoustudiedinNewYorklastweek.Wasitsunnyorrainythere?—________.A.ItwasrainyB.ItissunnyC.No,itisn't D.Iamafraidnot3.________formeatthebusstationacrossfromthepostoffice.Icanfindyoueasily.A.Wait