专题39 阅读理解之猜测词义题 高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通 用）

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题39阅读理解之猜测词义题快问快答高考考情考法点拨真题演练名校模拟快问快答PART.01Q1：阅读理解猜测词义题有什么特点？A1：猜测词义题属于阅读基础题型，每年必考，难度不大，需要有满分意识。Q2：阅读理解猜测词义题做题步骤如何？A2：一是“找词”--先从题干中提取关键性(题眼)，二是“定位”--寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句做好标记，三是“代入”--仔细比对四个选项与文中细节的细微区别，最后确定答案。Q3：阅读理解猜测词义题有哪些考查方向？A3：阅读理解猜测词义题有四大考查方向：一是考查短语语境猜测，二是考查生词语境猜测，三是考查句子语境理解，四是考查代词语境猜测。Q4：如何提高阅读理解细节题正答率？A4：一要掌握阅读理解猜测词义题命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词汇，三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累经验，摸索出一套行之有效的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。一、阅读理解猜测词义题快问快答高考考情PART.02二、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计卷别细节理解题猜测词义题推理判断题主旨大意题2024新课标I卷91412024新课标II卷91412023新课标I卷61712023新课标II卷61712022新课标I卷82412022新课标II卷82412024全国甲卷71612023全国甲卷81512023全国乙卷51812022全国甲卷81332022全国乙卷10131命题特点PART.03三、阅读理解猜测词义题命题特点

特殊疑问句形式:以疑问词what开头引出的问题;通常涉及四种形式：生词型、短语型、句子型、代词型。28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?（2024新课标I卷，短语型）32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?（2024新课标II卷，短语型）26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型）24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto? （2024浙江1月卷，代词型）29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型）30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型）24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型）思维导图PART.04四、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图考法点拨PART.05五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法一：利用释义法猜词在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。原文：Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.【调研01】(2022全国乙卷第29题)解析：“includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspectionandrepair与句中的inspectandrepair对应。故选C。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法二：利用构词法猜词英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法二：利用构词法猜词英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。原文：Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean？A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.【调研02】（2016全国II卷第27题）解析：downside是由“down（向下）+side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法三：利用因果关系猜词若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because,so,thus,therefore,asaresultof,sothat,so/such...that...等标志词体现。原文：Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.【调研03】（2019全国II卷第25题）【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tugattheheartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appealtofeeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法四：利用对比关系猜词运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but,yet,however,while,unlike,insteadof,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,onthecontrary等。原文：AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons. C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.【调研04】（2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题）解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contraryto”可知，画线词与heavierpeople含义相反。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法五：利用上下文解题有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。原文：Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.【调研05】（2022新高考II卷第24题）解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法六：利用同义关系解题画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and,or,like,aswell,similarly,too,also,either等。原文：Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean？A.Activeatnight.

B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.

D.Inactiveduringtheday.【调研06】（2015四川卷第44题）解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法七：利用生活常识解题在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。原文：Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“

_______

”.A.digestthemealeasily

B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat

D.eatwhateverisoffered【调研07】（2020江苏卷第61题）解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法八：利用就近原则判指代代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨考法八：利用就近原则判指代代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。原文："Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.【调研08】（2022新高考II卷第30题）解析：30.词句猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。真题演练PART.06六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第28题）28.词句猜测题。根据前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shinethrough应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.【演练02】（2024新课标II卷第32题）32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.【演练03】（2023新课标I卷第29题）【解析】29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.【演练04】（2023新课标II卷第30题）30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relateto”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner. C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.【演练05】（2023全国甲卷第24题）【解析】24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“Aspecialist(一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“adabhand”的意思。故选C。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice.D.Society.【演练06】（2023全国乙卷第24题）34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!【演练07】（2023全国甲卷第26题）六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练24.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.25.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【演练07】（2023全国甲卷第26题）六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.(猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。【演练07】（2023全国甲卷第26题）六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take...upanotch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。【演练07】（2023全国甲卷第26题）名校模拟PART.07七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟Pickupanypackagedprocessedfood,andthere’sadecentchancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbe“naturalflavor”.Theingredientsoundsgood,particularlyincontrastto“artificialflavor”.Butwhatexactlydoesnaturalflavormean?Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfromnaturalsourceslike.Whenconsumerssee“naturalflavor”onalabel,theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneissqueezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottle.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnaturalsources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorangeextract,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded,whynotjustuseoranges?Theanswercomesdownto“availability,costandsustainability”,accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou’regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitantandmostpeoplecan’taffordthem.”

【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）模拟一：生词类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles,”saysPlatkin,professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforestclear-cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretransparentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalorartificialflavorsare,soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“naturalflavors”.Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance:“Don’tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’.Buyitbecauseyoulikeit.”

【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）模拟一：生词类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟1．Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.B．Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.C．Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.D．Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Suitable. B．Expensive. C．Official. D．Flexible.3．Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?A．Topromotethesales. B．Tocutthecosts.C．Toadvocateahealthydiet. D．Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．CaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.B．Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentally-friendly.C．Companiesarebannedtoproduceartificialflavorfood.D．Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.

【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）模拟一：生词类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了“天然风味”这一食品标签的含义，指出其并不一定比人工风味更安全或更健康，而使用天然风味主要是为了市场营销。文章建议提高标签透明度。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnaturalsources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorangeextract,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.”（他们知道，尽管天然香料必须来自天然来源，但它并不都来自植物或肉类。例如，橙味可能不仅含有橙提取物，还含有树皮和草的提取物。人们普遍认为从自然中提取的成分一定比人造的更安全，这种说法也不正确。）可知，关于“天然香料”的果汁有两种误解，一是认为它全部来自植物或肉类，二是认为它比人造香料的果汁更安全。对比四个选项，C项“它比含有人造香料的果汁更安全。”是其中一种误解。故选C项。2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句““Ifyou’regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitantandmostpeoplecan’taffordthem.”（雷内修斯说：“如果你把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，你就没有葡萄酿酒了；产品将会变得exorbitant，大多数人买不起。”）中“peoplecan’taffordthem”可推知，如果把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，就没有葡萄用来酿酒了，葡萄酒将会变得非常昂贵，大多数人买不起。由此推知，画线词“exorbitant”意思是“昂贵的”，与Expensive同义。故选B项。

【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）模拟一：生词类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.”（公司宁愿使用天然香料而不使用人造香料的原因很简单：营销。）可知，公司在产品中使用天然香料是为了营销，即为了促进销售。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.”（化学家通过从天然成分中提取化学物质来制造天然香料，而人造香料则是通过人工制造相同的化学物质来制造的。）和“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.”（尽管它们在营养上与人造香料没有什么不同，消费者可能会被说服相信天然香料的产品更健康。）可知，天然香料和人造香料都是通过制造相同的化学物质来制造的，即它们有很多相似之处，超出你的想象。故选D项。【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）模拟一：生词类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟

Acenturyago,kidsweretransportedtoschoolbyallkindsofrandomvehicles.Becausetherewerenonationalstandards,itwasuptostatesorindividualschooldistrictstohirebuses,trucksandevenhorse-drawnwagonstoconveykidstoandfromschool.FrankCyrdidn’tlikethissystem.Backinthe1930s,CyrwasaprofessoratTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversity,andanadvocateforruraleducation.Cyrtraveledthecountryconductingastudyofschooltransportation.“Inmanycases,standardshavebeensetupbymoreorlesshit-and-missmethods,”reportedCyrinaNewYorkTimesarticle.HedecidedthatsomethingneededtobedonetokeepAmerica’sschoolkidssafe.Soin1939,CyrorganizedaconferenceinNewYorkCitydedicatedtoimprovingandstandardizingtheAmericanschoolbus.Heinvitededucators,transportationofficialsfrom48statesandbusmanufacturerstodesignanewer,saferschoolbus.Atthemeeting,Cyrhungup50paintsamplesonthewallsoftheconferenceroomandformedaspecialcommitteetopickawinner.Theychosethesymbolicyellow-orangecolorthatwasoriginallyknownas“NationalSchoolBusChrome”.【模拟06】（2024·江西吉安·模拟预测）模拟二：短语类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟

Cyrwasn’tascientistorasafetyexpert,butheinstinctivelymadetheconnectionbetweenbrightcolors,visibilityandvehiclesafety.“Baseduponthestandardsof1939,yellowwasaveryintelligentchoice,”saysDr.StephenSolomon,aretiredoptometrist(验光师)andfounderofVisibilityinMotion,whichdoesconsultingforemergencyservicesproviders.“Thecolorsthataremosteasilyseenbythehumaneyearetheyellows—theyellow-greentoyellowtogreenish-yellow,”saysSolomon.“That’satthepeakofthevisibilityrange.”Solomonexplainsthatcolorvisionisdeterminedbyphotoreceptorcellsintheretina(视网膜)calledcones(视锥细胞).Therearethreetypesofcones,eachtunedtodetectdifferentwavelengthsoflight:red,greenandblue.Yellowlightstimulatesboththeredandgreenconesatthesametime,whichiswhytheeyeismostsensitivetocolorsintheyellowrange.【模拟06】（2024·江西吉安·模拟预测）模拟二：短语类猜测词义题七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟

21．Whatdoesthe