职称英语理工类a级模拟13

职称英语理工类A级模拟13

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给

的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1>Theteachersaidshelikedmycomposition,andthenproceededtocriticize

everylineofit!

A.continuedB.finished

C.revealedD.enjoyed

2、Thelabelonthepacketread："Thisproductcontainsnoartificialcolouring

orflavouring.n

A.man-madeB.special

C.toxicD.harmful

3、Heisoneofthosemenwhodislikeworkintenselyandwilldoanythingto

avoidit.

A.extremelyB.verymuch

C.severelyD.alargeamount

4、Themanwalkedintothelibraryanddumpedapileofbooksonthecounter.

A.spreadB.dropped

C.gentlyputD.placed

5、Theexpresstrainwentthroughthestationwithamightyroar.

A.astrongB.aninfluential

C.apowerfulD.along

6、Itisnotcertainwhethertherewillbeenoughadvertisingrevenuestogo

round.

A.goodsB.fund

C.programsD.facilities

7、AlthoughtechnicallywespeakthesamelanguagezmanyBritishpeoplefeel

theUnitedStatedtobeanalienculture.

A.anoutlandishB.aforeign

C.arefinedD.abarbarian

8、Wecantakecontrolaggressivelyofthewayweageanddelaybodydeterioration

thatcausesactivitiestobeseverelylimited.

A.regenerationB.depression

C.degenerationD.repression

9、At90,manyindividualsstillremainhealthyandenergetic.

A.intelligentB.rough

C.robustD.revivable

10、In1970ztheUnitedStateswasstillbyfarthemostproductiveofcountries

intheworld,withagrossnationalproductof$1,014z750millionwhich

amountedto$4,950perperson.

A.workeduptobeB.workedinbeing

C.workedonbeingD.workedouttobe

11>Certainlyweneedlaworelsesocietywilldeterioratetoprovidesurvivalz

butitdoesn*tcreatecooperation.

A.synergyB.energy

C.symptomD.sympathy

12、Thelightingintheartgallerywasverysimple,butveryeffective.

A.impressiveB.capable

C.usefulD.comfortable

13>Thepopulationoftheislandconsistsofequalnumbersofmenandwomen.

A.containsB.intends

C.includesD.involves

14、Savitskiyworksforacompanythatimportssparepartsforforeigncars,

athri如ngbusiness.

A.boomingB.blooming

C.doomingD'glooming

15>Thechurchforecaststhatby2015thisnumberwillincreasetonearlyto

million.

A.rejectedB.projected

C.releasedD.produced

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如

果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该

句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyourwant--withnoneofthefat.That

wouldbegreat,wouldn*tit?

New"fakefat"productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStates

recently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,which

containacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminate

fatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthe

bodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients（营养物）andcanalsocauseunpleasant

sideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit*suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthe

newfatfreeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearching

forafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffinding

1

thedesiredfatztheresearcherscreatedafatthecan1bedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines（®）"grab"moleculesof

regularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amolecule

ofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.

Thefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemthe

essentialvitaminsAzDzEzandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestines

withanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarried

intothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoo

largefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestines

withoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit*sthatabilitytoslide

unchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafat

substitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutany

badeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,

E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionof

carotenoids（类胡萝卜素），compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heart

diseasezetc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EzandKaswellascarotenoids

totheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthat

peoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithout

worryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.

16、Olestraisasubstancethatmakesfoods1fat-freewhilekeepingthem

delicious.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

17>Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe

quiteunexpected.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthatitfacilitatestheabsorption

ofvitaminsbythebody.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、ThepossiblenegativeeffectofOlestraisthatitmayimpairthedigestive

system.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

20>Somecriticssaythenewcompoundmayincreasetheriskofcancer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Addingvitaminstoolestramaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Olestracanpassthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed.

A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为

规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

选项，分别完成每个句子。

Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesintheworld-andthenumber

isrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaveragedistancedrivenby

carusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersoninwesternEuropein1965

to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicleshadgivenriseto

majorproblems,includingenvironmentalpollution,depletionofoilresources,

trafficcongestionandsafety.

2.Untilahundredyearsago,mostjourneyswereinthe20kmrange,the

distanceconvenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarried

bywaterorrail.Theinventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobility

tothemassesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.

Today90percentofinlandfreightintheUnitedKingdomiscarriedbyroad.

Clearlytheworldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeing

lockedintocongestedandpollutionwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?

3.InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport.

Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroadszone-waysystems

andparkinglots.IntheUnitedStateszmorelandisassignedtocarusethan

tohousing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnesttoimpossible.

Massuseofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.Other

socialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressive

humanbehaviour.

4.A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationforTransportandEnvironment

foundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyasrailtravelinterms

ofheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion,accidents,pollution,

lossofcroplandandnaturalhabitats,depletionofoilresources,andso

on.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleandconvenientmode

ofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopletogiveupprivate

carsinfavourofmasstransit.

5.Technicalsolutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethe

fuelefficiencyofengines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdepend

onwhichcarsarepreferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeople

buylargercarsthantheyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydriving

aggressively.Besides,globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethan

theimprovementinemissionsandfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmaking

possible.

6.Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystems

fortravelintoandaroundcities.Withsmall"lowemission"carsforurban

useandlargerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.Electronically

tolledhighwaysmightbeusedtoensurethatdriverspaychargesgearedto

actualroaduse.Betterintegrationoftransportsystemsisalsohighly

desirable-andmademorefeasiblebymoderncomputers.Butthesearesolutions

forcountrieswhichcanaffordthem.Inmostdevelopingcountries,oldcars

andoldtechnologiescontinuetopredominate.

23、Paragraph3

24、Paragraph4

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

A.]HowDrivingHabitsContributetoRoadProblems

B.,TheIncreasingUseofMotorVehicles

C.,TheImpactoftheCaronCityDevelopment

D.,TheRelativeMeritsofCarsandPublicTransport

E.,TheWriter*sOwnPredictionofFutureSolutions

F.1AComparisonofPastandPresentTransportationMethods.

27、Transportbyhorsewouldnotbe

28、MostEuropeancitieswereno[designed

29、Technologyalonecannotsolve

30、People1schoiceofcarandattitudetodrivingis

A.formotorvehicles

B.a,usefulalternativetomotorvehicles

C..along-termsolution

D.theproblemofvehiclepollution

E.1carriebywaterintheUnitedKingdom

F.a1factorinthepollutionproblem.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短

文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一答

Partscienceandpartnaturalhistory,ornithology（鸟类学）owesits

tremendouspopularityasascienceandascientificrecreationtoasimple

circumstancethatissometimesforgottenwhenweweightheeligibility（W

被选资格，合适）ofdifferentkindsofanimalsforinformalstudy.Birdsareday

animalswhereothers,justasengagingintheirway—mice,forinstance—are

creaturesofthenight.Apartfromtheirvisibility（somethingverymuchin

theirfavor）,thebeautyofbirdsandtheirmanyappealinghabitshavewon

forthemahugefanfollowingthathasmorethanoncetemptedimpatientand

ill-informedlaboratorybiologiststodismissornithologyassomuch

bird-watching—anabsurdlyunjustjudgmentthatignoresthefactthat

ornithologyhasmadeanumberofprofoundlyimportantcontributionstogeneral

biology.

Professionalbiologistsarenothardputtoreeloff（滔滔不绝士也讲）alist

ofdistinctivecontributionsthatornithologyhasmadetogeneralbiology

science.Theywillcite,forexample,ErnstMayr*sinvestigationsofevolution

andthemechanismsofspeciation（物种形成）,orM.R.Irwin1sworkonthe

immunologicperformanceofspeciesofColumbidae（pigeonsanddoves）andof

hybrids（杂交种）betweenthem.Thenagain,DavidLack*sstudiesonmortality

inwildpopulationsofbirdsarethemostilluminatinglifetablesofwild

animalsandanimaldemography（统计学）generally.Mostimportantofall,perhaps

isthecontributionthatornithologyhasmadetothestudyofanimalbehavior,

beginningwithJulianHuxley1sclassicstudyofthecourtshiphabitsofthe

greatcrestedgreatandfollowedbyNikoTinbergen1sstudiesonthebehavior

ofherringgulls.

31、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Birdsarewidelystudiedbecausetheyarepopularinthehome.

B.Ornithologyhasmadeimportantcontributionstobiology.

C.Professionalbiologistsoftenengageinbird-watchingforrecreation.

D.Animalbehaviorisbeststudiedbyobservingbirds.

32、Whymicearedescribedinthepassageas"creaturesofthenight"because

theyare_______.

A.frighteningtomanypeopleB.huntedbybirds

C.studiedwhileinhibernationD.activeafterdark

33>WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthefirstasareasonforpopular

interestinbirds?

A.Theirecologicalvalue.B.Theirappealinghabits.

C.Theirvisibility.D.Theirbeauty.

34、ThepronounnThey"inthesecondparagraphrefersto.

A.ornithologyandgeneralbiologicalscience

B.contributions

C.professionalbiologists

D・birds

35>DavidLack*sresearchcontributedtobiologicalsciencespecifically

intheareaof_______.

A.EvolutionB.matingbehavior

C.animaldemographyD.immunology

弟—^扁

Theuseofheatpumpshasbeenheldbacklargelybyskepticismabout

advertisers*claimsthatheatpumpscanprovideasmanyastwounitsofthermal

energyforeachunitofelectricalenergyused,thusapparentlycontradicting

theprincipleofenergyconservation.

Heatpumpscirculateafluidrefrigerant（致冷剂）thatcyclesalternatively

fromitsliquidphasetoitsvaporphaseinaclosedloop.Therefrigerant,

1

startingasalow-temperaturezlowpressurevapor,entersacompressordriven

byanelectricmotor.Therefrigerantleavesthecompressorasahotzdense

vaporandflowsthroughaheatexchangercalledthecondenser,whichtransfers

heatfromtherefrigeranttoabodyofair.Nowtherefrigerant,asa

high-pressure,cooledliquidconfrontsaflowrestrictionwhichcausesthe

pressuretodrop.Asthepres

surefalls,therefrigerantexpandsandpartiallyvaporizes,becomingchilled.

Itthenpassesthroughasecondheatexchanger,theevaporator,whichtransfers

heatfromtheairtotherefrigerantzreducingthetemperatureo{thissecond

bodyofair.Ofthetwoheatexchangerszoneislocatedinside,andtheother

oneoutsidethehouse,soeachisincontactwithadifferentbodyofair：

roomairandoutsideair,respectively.

Theflowdirectionofrefrigerantthroughaheatpumpiscontrolledby

valves.Whentherefrigerantflowisreversed,theheatexchangersswitch

function.Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatexchangersswitchfunction.

Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatpumpseithertoheatorcoolroom

air.

Now,ifundercertainconditionsaheatpumpputsoutmorethermalenergy

thanitconsumesinelectricalenergy,hasthelawofenergyconservation

beenchallenged?No,notevenremotely：theadditionalinputofthermalenergy

intothecirculatingrefrigerantviatheevaporatoraccountsforthedifference

intheenergyequation.

Unfortunately,thereisonerealproblem.Theheatingcapacityofaheat

pumpdecreasesastheoutdoortemperaturefalls.Thedropincapacityiscaused

bythelesseningamountofrefrigerantmassmovedthroughthecompressorat

onetime.Theheatingcapacityisproportionaltothismassflowrate：the

lessthemassofrefrigerantbeingcompressed,thelessthethermalloadit

cantransferthroughtheheat-pumpcycle.Thevolume{lowrateofrefrigerant

vaporthroughthesingle-speedrotarycompressorusedinheatpumpsis

approximatelyconstant.Butcoldrefrigerantvaporenteringacompressoris

atlowerpressurethanwarmervapor.Therefore,themassofcoldrefrigerant—and

thusthethermalenergyitcarries—islessthaniitherefrigerantvaporwere

warmerbeforecompression.

Here,then,liesagenuinedrawbackofheatpumps：inextremelycold

climates—wherethemostheatisneeded—heatpumpsareleastabletosupply

enoughheat.

36、Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto.

A.explainthedifferencesintheworkingofaheatpumpwhentheout-door

temperaturechanges

B.contrasttheheatingandthecoolingmodesofheatpumps

C.describeheatpumps,theiruse,and{actorsaffectingtheiruse

D.advocatethemorewidespreaduseofheatpumps

37>Theauthorresolvesthequestionofwhetherheatpumpsruncounterto

theprincipleofenergyconservationby.

A.carefullyqualifyingthemeaningo{~~thatprinciple

B.pointingoutafactualerrorinthestatementthatgivesrisetothis

question

C.supplyingadditionalrelevantfacts

D.denyingtherelevanceofthatprincipletoheatpumps.

38、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inthecourseofaheatingseason,

theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpisgreatestwhen_______.

A.heatingisleastessential

B.electricityratesarelowest

C.itscompressorrunsthefastest

D.outdoortemperaturesholdsteady

39、Iftheauthor'sassessmentoftheuseofheatpumps(inthefirstparagraph)

iscorrect,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthelemonthatadvertisers

shouldlearnfromthiscase?

A.Donotmakeexaggeratedclaimsabouttheproductsyouaretryingto

promote.

B.Focusyouradvertisingcampaignonvagueanalogiesandveiled

implicationsinsteadofonfacts.

C.Donotusefactsinyouradvertisingthatwillstraintheprospective

client*sabilitytobelieve.

D.Donotassumeinyouradvertisingthattheprospectiveclientsknow

eventhemostelementaryscientificprinciples.

40、Accordingtothepassage,theroleoftheflowrestriction(Para.2)in

aheatpumpisto_______.

A.measureaccuratelytheflowrateoftherefrigerantmassatthatpoint

B.compressandheattherefrigerantvapor

C.bringabouttheevaporationandcoolingofrefrigerant

D.exchangeheatbetweentherefrigerantandtheairatthatpoint

第—二曾

Ifthesalinity(含盐量)ofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisroundtovary

onlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchanges

areimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanic

salinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeans

ofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,

thesalinityisincreased,sincethesalesstaybehind.Ifthisiscarried

totheextreme,ofcoursezwhitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind；thisz

bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwater

isaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinity

isdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregions

whereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythe

subtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffresh

waterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinity

issomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnot

asmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethe

sea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththe

formationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolved

materialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshly

formedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.

Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthe

surroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansis

formedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinity

ofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportions

oftheoceansoftheworld.

41、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Theelementsofsalt.

B.Thebodiesofwateroftheworld.

C.Themanyformsofoceanlife.

D.Thesalinityofoceanwater.

42、Accordingtothepassage,theoceangenerallyhasmoresaltin.

A.coastalareasB.tropicalareas

C.rainyareasD.turbulentareas

43、Allofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecre