农村通信服务-亚洲及太平洋地区的趋势和经验（英文版）

EGRI05tanfosφfor218x01sa/3.0/igo/legalcode).commercialpurposes,providedthattheworkisappropriaedition.”neededforthatreuseandforobta V vi 1 1 2 4 7 22Overviewoftrendsindigit 23Nationalpolicyframeworks:Opportunitiesforbanenablingenvironmentforrura 26 4.2Lessonsonappropriationofme 53 54 69 2.Themesandsub-themesofcontextswherefarmappropriateruralcommunication 293.Keymessagesabo 34 8 55communicationsthatinvolvefamilyfarmerssupportedinaddressingrPacific,drawingevidencefromBlondeau,S.&Korzenszky,A.2022themaintext,andMarioAcunzo,FAOtothestudy.OurthanksalsogotoJuvyGopelaforcomaterialsandreviewingliterature,toZaourgratitudetotheteaAgricultureInformationSeCollegeofDevelopmentCommuniCommunicationforDevTechnicalCentreforAgricuFarmerEmpowermentthroughAgricultGlobalActionPlan,orGinformationandcommunicationstechnoloNon-governmentalOrOpenAcademyforPhilippineAgricSustainableDevelandculturaltapestry.Beingpredomidegradation,andeconomic,institthroughefficientmarketlinAmidstthepressingchallengesfacingfamilyfarmininfacilitatingacceChapter3ofthisstudydetrecommendationsforpolicyframeworkstofacilitatethas“ameansoforganizinToraisethelevelofappreciatiocross-sectoralpoliciestoaddresstheenvironmental,economicplacingfamilyfarmersandtheirorganizati■improvesocioeconomicinclusion,resilienceandwell-beinumberofchallenges,includingvulnerabilitytoclimatechangthepandemic(GregorioandAncog,2020).However,therearegroundsforarenewedopportunityforagrandthePacific(Gregoriostrategieswithinthefamilyfarmingsector.Effectivecommunicommunicationprimariluniquenessaswellasthlosses,increaseyieconsideredasanassetfortheadvancementoffatheiraspirationsandconcerns,andpaRuralcommunicationservices-TrendsandItwasalsodefinedduringstakeholderswhoareoftendeprivedofothercommunicationapproachesagroups,especiallythThisfocusdoesnotexcludeworkingwithothers¹AmongFAO'sinitiConsultationonCommunicationfrcommunity'sthoughts,ideasandopinions,andiwhateverpurposethecommunitydecides.Thearticulation,collectiveactionandculturalideAPPROACHESCommunicationfoE市面市部折和面酮de己面的Laws,policies,organizatioSource:FAO.(forthcoming).TransformingruralAfrica:Trendsandexperiencesinruralcommunicationservices.InordertoprovidesharpercontrastbetweenRCSandothertypesofcommunications,amechanismforcopingwithcofplanningforruraltransformation.CountriesthathavIn2015,sixuniversitServices(GRI-RCS).MembersincludetheUniversitypracticeinRCSinthecontextoffamilyfarmiandruraldevelopment.In2017,t“BuildingEvidence,Inforforruralelectrification,broadbandandcellular/mobilenetworinfrastructuredevelopmenthacountries,particularlyforlow-incomeandruralcommunremoteandtribalcommunitieswithveryltechnologies.Someorganizationsandrestrictionsputinplacebonconventionalmasscommunication(GovernmentofIndiaparticularlyintheemergingeconomiesoftheregion(Iandinfrastructureattorganizations,recognizecommunicationsascrucialforfamilyfarmers.Seandcommunication.Theyservicesare,andwhethertheypromoteequitableaccess,enablecoinclusiveextensionserviclocalstakeholders,includinbasedandmobile-basedtechnologies(servicedelivery,e-learnwithprecisionagriculture,r(GovernmentofBanglaBangladeshhasapluralisticsystem,withgoverofAgriculturehasadedicatedcommunicationdepartment,theAServices(AIS),whichrunsmultiplecommunicationinitianddigitalmedia.Inittelevision,aninteractivevoiceresponse(IVR)-basedcallcentreforfarmeagriculturalextensionservicAgriculturalextensioninvisitapproachtomoredecentralizedEuropeanUnion)(Glendenning,BabuandAsenso-Okyextension,withtheirowninitiativestoprovidefarmerswproviders,theGovernmandpromotingcommunitymediaparticipatoryapproachintheirIndia'sMinistryofAgricultureanprominentinitiativesistheAgricultureTechnologreformedpolicyframework,introducedin2010,ifinancialassistance(GovernmentofIndiaincludesgovernment-agriculture.Underthisinitiative,theMoAdrivingtheNationaleGovernaThePhilippineshasrecognizedsupportservicesthroughtri-media.Itencoudeliveryofextension,includingthatoaboutwhetherornotdevolutionhadweakenedtheextTheDepartmentofAgricultureistATIfocusesonstrengtheningpartnershipsabasedlearning,andweb-basedlearningportals(Mappala,Arceoa(Balderama,2009).ThePhilippineCouncilforbyestablishingvariousagenciesandtrainingaimstostrengthenfarmerinstitutions(Goabolitionofmonarchyin2017,government-ledagriculturethesegroups.Italsomentionstelequitelow(RijalandDevkota,2019).Radio,especiallycommunityradio,workersatprovincialitrecognizestheneedtodeliverservicesthroughetal.,2019).tofarmerswasinitiallytop-down,drfarmersandcollaborationwithfarmerorganizationsandotherstakeholders.Thischapterturnstoamoretangibleexamfromthreedistinctsourcesandmethofeedbackfrom46farmerofordevelopingcapacitybuildingworkshopsandforknowofComDevandRCS,isverywellestaground,andorganizationsoftentakeinitiaMostorganizationshaveaverygooduninformationonbetterawith,anddesignandprovidecommunicationservicesaccorditwo-waycommunicationthatencouragesfarmerparticipation.Forinstance,communiSouth-easternAsia,SouthernAsia,MelanesiaandPolynesia.ThestudbeforetheCOVID-19pandemic.However,thecharacteristicsUseofmobilephonestodisseminationofissue-oriented,ratherthanagriculturalworkersusuallyoverlookedbymainstreammedandtelevisionhaveawiderreach,thereforegreaterimpacincludeclimatechange,migration,livelihooddivHowimprovedcommunicatioMobileGAPHowacomputer-basedapplicatientertainment-educationprogrammestharmfuleffectsofusingchemicalpesticidesbeenmotivatedtoshiftodevelopandbroadcastregularprogrammesoncliweatherforecasting,climateshelters,bettermobilephoneUseofsocialmediathrlocallymadeshawls).mobilephones,toll-freenumbers,robocallsandtextmessageDevelopingvirtualwebportalorcomputer-bascentresfeaturingSMS-basedmobilephonesyste-market,communityradioaUseofparticipatorymedia(participatoryvideo)inidentifPapuaNewBenefitsandchallengesofparticipatoryvisualmethods(drphotography,pictures)inhelpingsmallholderfarmerstomap,manaUses3DmodellingtointegratelocalamonglocalvillagersUsesparticipatory3Dmodellingbyacross-sstakeholdersindeveloThemajorfindingsencompassthefollowingtopicdevelopmentprojectsfundedbyfivet2.internationallendingbanks:ADB,KreditanstaltfürWiederaufbau(KfW);4.governmentaidsforoverseasdevelopment:AustralianAid(AusAid),T5.facultyresearch,presumablywithgrants,thoughspecificfunAlltypesoffundingsourgrantsforfacultyresearchseemedtobe4.academiaandpclimatechange,(2)laLackofnewtechnologiesforagri3.Communicationgaps,ICTMotivationforbehaClimatechangeimpactsandadaptationwwasundertakenfrom2011-2021.farmersinclimate-resilientagricultofsluggishextensionservices,lackofnewandappropriatetAsia.Intheseregions,thenumberoffarmerstofgovernmentextensionworkers.latestdevelopmentsandknowlGiventhelackofnewfarmane-learningsystem.Farmersusedraisingandknowledgfarmers.TheapplicationforGoodAgricultursubmitwasinitselfadisincentiveforfarmerstmotivationforbehaviourchange.Animpsellingprice(Cambodia),innovatimprovedseeds(Timor-Lestforthefirsttimetofocusoneducationalcontentthatcarecognitionthatinformationan(PunchihewaandWimalaratneskillsandawakenedawarenessoftheirowncworld,smallholderfarmerpeopletovaluetheirofarmersisenabledbyadiversegroupofstakeholders,reprscience-basedrecommendations,knowledgeandtechnologicalsolutionstofamilyprocessing,synthesizinganddocumenting,underpinnedbycertainvirtuesoandamongthesestakgivendevelopmentcextensionservices)areorientatedtowardspluralisticandparticimprovementsintechnologicalinfrastructurepavedthagriculturaldevelopmenspecialmobilephonesaroundthevismallholderfarmersandagrichaveventuredintopublic-privatepPunchihewaandWimalaraBangladesh,Nepal,PakiCommunitymediashouldshPapuaNewGuinea,SolomonIslafourmainthemes:(1)enhancedconnection(Thailand).communityenterprise,sellingtheirproducewaccomplished,particularlyintermsofsocioeconomicbenefitsamSocialinclusion,multistakeholderengagementandcollabandcraftingsolutionssuitabletotheirlocalcondshowsthissocialinclusionvaluecalled“empowerment”,3Self-confidence,competencywithICTandentrinclusionandempowermentofmarginalizedfarmers,youthandwrangeofcommunicatikeeptrackoftheirfaEvenwhentechnologiesareavailable,thes99themainsourceofinformationamongfarmingcoDespiterecognizingsystemstoreachfarmingcommunistoriesthatbringdataandfa-aprotagonistwho,contentshowninthevideo,itheparticularpractifromthecommunitiesthemselvesforrelevantvideocontent.Thishinnovations,whichwerethenrecordedandscreenedforwidespreaddiscussions,resolvingquerievideos,thusachievingbettercost-effectivenessthroughbroaderdissegreaterinterestandm7000trainedthroughamobiletrasocioeconomicstrataasthemselvsometimesevenfromwhichtheyaremost3.Activemediationofvideowhereasinsessionswithapa4.Incorporatingfarmers'eandfurtherdistributed,leadingtowiderandoftentimeseasieradoptio5.Opportunitytoverifyonthevergeofexpressinginterestinatheattentionofviewersandconveyingthesubtletiesofapra8.Positivepassivecomembers,whethertheywerefeudingbrothersorneglectemostoftenwhentheestrangcommunities.Withoutthecombsustainabilityofthi4.Equipmentmaintenance:Itisfeedbackdatathatessentiallydrivestleadingthewayindesigningholistdecades,SEWAhasgrownintoaneKeyfeaturesofdigitalinterventionslikefruitsandvegetablcrop-relatedissuesthatthememberfarmersetrainedtocollectdemandthroughcallsinsteadofdoor-to-dooraggregintheirday-to-daywork.Thefgetaccurateinsightsonthediagnosisandseveralfronts,butthewomentheWomen'sEmpowermentinAgrdisempowermentinwomorchildcarewillnotyieldsdesignedtoaddressallimportantaspeadultfemales,comparedto41percentoftheimplementingagencieshave2.Inherentmistrustofdigitaltechnologies:DigitaltectoolsarenotoptimizedforusebywomenfTocreateawarenessofsocial,political,lonagriculture,trade,education,health,society,women'srights,ruraldevelopment,oftheprogramme,preparingthescript,reachingouttotThestaffselectsthesubjectsoftheprogrammefromagriculture,socialissues,health,educthenvisitsthesedifferentstakeholdersandcollect2.Capacitybuildingasessentialforsustainability:ProvidingtrainingforvolunteersisessentialforCRSsustaiCRSstohaveavarietyofwaysofge2.Resourcerequirecommunicationandthininstitutionalarrangementssuchcommunitiesvyingforbetteropportunitiesthrneedtoco-designwiththefacilitatetwo-wayinteractionforfamilyfarming,provfrontlineworkers.Bimprovingfarmers'livelihoods,farmers.WhilethisfocusdoesnotexcludeworkingwithotherstakeholdersChapter4.Towardsinclusiveruralc87654321fromArnstein,S.R.1969.ALadderofCitizenPartiandcollaborationwithfarmerorganizationsandotherstakeholdertheimportanceofcommunityraduetotheemergenceofneweinruralareas.However,thevillage,barrierslikegenderdynamicsmaypreventelevelpoliciesshouldprovidingenablingmechanismsforfarmerorganizations,government,tinitiatives.Emphasizingthimportanttoensurethatfarmprovisionscanaimtoaddress,particularlyforfarmerandthefollowingrecommendationsaremadprovidevaluableinsightsintotheircurricula,astpracticalexperiencethroughinternships,InternationalInitiativeforImpactEvaluation.[CitedDecember2023]testing-innovative-approaches-to-extension-in-cambodia-using-technology-and-incentives-to-imfarmingcommunities.Thirthedeliveryoftechnologicalservices.In:FFTCAgriculturalPoMohanty,P.G.Chengappa,Mruthyunjaya,J.K.Ladha,S.Baruah,E.Kannaneds.,Thefuturericestin_India_Implications_for_Rice_ProServicestothethrough_Information_and_Communication_TechnoloBerrigan,F.1979.CommuBourgeois,R.&Kusumaningrum,D.2006.Impactofthedecentralizedagricultand_Forestrry_Extension_ProButt,T.,Gao,Q.,Zakaria,M.,Hassan,Y.,Luqman,M.,Khan,M.,Tian,X.&Mehmood,K.2explorationofinformationcommunicationtechnology(ICTS)inagriculturalMinistryofAgricultureRepurecommendations.Agriculture&FoodSecurityDigitalBangladesh&ICTDivision.20Bangladesh,ICTDivision.bd/publications/3f9cd471_9905_4122_96ee_ced02bDigitalIndia.n.d.AADHAAsustainability_pathways/docs/2014_IYFF_FAO_ConceptNote.pdfandFoodSecurity.BaFA0.2014.ForumonCommunicationfFAO.2017.InclusiveRuralCommunicationServices:BuildingEvideFAO.2020.Coronavirusdisea2022.AppropriationofRuralCommunicationServicesinFamilyFarming:Trends,Challenges,andProspectsinAsiaandthePacific.CDC-UPLB,LosBanos,Laguna,PhilippinFAO&DigitalGreen.2022.AdvancingRAppropriationofMediaandICTsinAsiaandAfrica.NewDelhi,India.Delivery:EvidencefromIndia.TheJournalofGlendenning.C.J.,Babu,S.&Asenso-Okyere,K.2010.ReviewofInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute.IFPRIDiscussionPapGovernmentofBangladesh.2gov.in/sites/default/files/Final%20NDCP-2018.pdf?GovernmentofIndia.n.d.-aAgriculturalTechnoltheProgrammes/MissionsofDepartmentofAgriculture,CooperationandFarmeMoA&FW.NewDelhi,MinistryofAgrGovernmentofIndonesia.2006.LawonAgricultural,Fishery,andForestryExtRuralDevelopmentandTechnology.EN%20Digital%20Nepal%20Framework%20V8.4%2015%20JuNation.Departmentcontent/uploads/2017/09/2017.08.09-National-Broadband-PlaAsia:Reinforcingtracontent/uploads/2021/08/GSMA_ME_APAC_2021_Web_Singldefault/files/Gumucio-2001-Making.fromOperationalPerspective.PressInstituteofBanb02c_4480_957a_5b527fa5c0c1/Sustainability%20of%20Community%20RHuber,s.&Davis,K.2017.Bangladesh:DeskStudyofExtehaveaccesstotelevisionandradioservices.WorldTelecomITU.2019.DigitalInfrastructurePolicyandRegulationintheAsia2019%2C%20approximately%in_the_ImplementationofRelevant_PoliciesinBangladesh.Washdevelopment:ThePhilippinee-ExtandTeodoro,eds.CommunicationforUNESCO-ProjectTAMBULI.InstituteofDevelopmentCommunication,UPLP.Cpublication/333842261_Agriculture_Extension_SysteminIndiaNchanji,E.B.,Mutua,M.,Odhiambo,C.,Nchanji,Y.K.&Karanja,D.2021.Deconstructingleisureandworkload:Caseof/articles/10.1186/s40066-NDRI(NepalDevelopmentReseofAICC'scommunicationCommunicationCenter(AIOECD(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmeen/1/1/4/index.html?itemld=/content/publication/978926426en&_csp_=81c5069ca02b8ea8d0c9647772d72ba0&itemlGO=oecd&itemConteOkuda,A.n.d.Overview:ICTConnectivityandAsiaPacificInformationSuperhighway.BOngkiko,1.1.C.&Flor,A.G.2003.IntroductiontoDevelopmentCommunication.PhiOrdu,A.U.,Cooley,