辽宁省部分高中2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省部分高中2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分：听力(略)第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIntoday’sdigitalworld,mobileapplications(apps)havebecomeanessentialpartofourdailylives.Whetherit’sforlearning,entertainment,ormanagingtasks,there’sanappforalmosteverything.Herearethreerecommendedappsthatcangreatlyenhanceyourhighschoolexperience.EvernoteEvernoteisamust-haveappforstudents.It’sapowerfulnote-takingandorganizingtoolthatallowsyoutocreate,share,andsyncnotesacrossmultipledevices.Whetheryou’rebrainstormingideasforaproject,jottingdownlecturenotes,orplanningyourschedule,Evernotekeepseverythingorganizedandaccessible.Youcanevenattachphotos,documents,andwebclipstoyournotes,makingitaversatiletoolforlearningandresearch.HeadspaceWiththeincreasingstresslevelsinhighschool,it’sessentialtomaintainahealthymindset.Headspaceisameditationappthatprovidesguidedmeditationstohelpyourelax,reducestress,andimprovefocus.Theappoffersavarietyofmeditationsessions,rangingfromshort,three-minutemeditationstolonger,morein-depthsessions.It’sagreatwaytoincorporatemindfulnessintoyourdailyroutineandenhanceyouroverallwell-being.KhanAcademyKhanAcademyisanexcellentresourceforstudentswhowanttoenhancetheiracademicskills.Theappoffersawiderangeofcoursesinvarioussubjects,includingmath,science,andhumanities.Thecoursesaretaughtbyexperiencedteachersandaredesignedtobeengagingandinteractive.KhanAcademyalsoprovidespersonalizedlearningpathsandpracticeproblemstohelpyoumastertheconceptsyou’relearning.ForestForestisaninnovativeappdesignedtohelphighschoolstudentsstayfocusedandavoiddistractions.Theconceptissimpleyeteffective:yousetatimerforthedurationyouwanttofocusonatask,andavirtualtreestartsgrowingonyourscreen.Ifyouleavetheappduringthetimer,thetreedies.Thiscreatesafunandmotivatingwaytostayontaskandavoidgettingdistractedbysocialmedia,games,orotherapps.1.Whichappcanhelpstudentsbecomemoreorganized?A.Evernote. B.Headspace. C.KhanAcademy. D.Forest.2.KhanAcademyoffers.A.guidedmeditations B.personalizedstudyplansC.organizationaltools D.note-takingfunctions3.BothHeadspaceandForestaredesignedtohelpuserstobecome.A.intelligentandwise B.creativeandimaginativeC.concentratedandattentive D.motivatedandactive〖答案〗1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款应用程序以及各自的特点。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whetheryou’rebrainstormingideasforaproject,jottingdownlecturenotes,orplanningyourschedule,Evernotekeepseverythingorganizedandaccessible.(无论你是在为一个项目集思广益，记下课堂笔记，还是计划你的日程安排，Evernote都能让一切井井有条)”可知，Evernote可以帮助学生变得更有条理。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“KhanAcademyalsoprovidespersonalizedlearningpathsandpracticeproblemstohelpyoumastertheconceptsyou’relearning.(可汗学院还提供个性化的学习路径和练习问题，以帮助您掌握正在学习的概念)”可知，可汗学院提供个性化的学习计划。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Headspaceisameditationappthatprovidesguidedmeditationstohelpyourelax,reducestress,andimprovefocus.(Headspace是一个冥想应用程序，它提供指导冥想，帮助你放松，减轻压力，提高注意力)”以及最后一段“Thiscreatesafunandmotivatingwaytostayontaskandavoidgettingdistractedbysocialmedia,games,orotherapps.(这创造了一种有趣和激励的方式来专注于任务，避免被社交媒体、游戏或其他应用程序分散注意力)”可知，Headspace和Forest的设计都是为了帮助用户变得专注和专心。故选C。BDavidlovedhisgrandsonPhilipdearly.Theboyremindedhimofhimselfatanearlyage.Theyhadalotoffuntogether,exploringthebackyardandhikinginthenearbypark.However,oneweekend,Philipfeltillandhadtostayinbed.Davidmadesuretokeephisgrandsonentertainedbyfindingabooktheycouldenjoytogether.BeforehandingittoPhilip,hedecidedtoleafthroughitandlookbackatthestory.However,whilelookingthroughit,hedidn’texpecttoseeanotherpieceofhisyouth,thistimeintheformofaphotographofhimandhisoldfriends.Therewerefourinthepicture—David,Steve,Dorothy,andTeresa.Theywereneighborsandoftenwenttothebeachtogether.Inthephoto,thefourofthemwereplayingonthesand.Suddenly,Davidwonderedaboutthepeopleinthephotograph,curioustoknowwherelifehadtakenthem.Philipnoticedthatandasked“Whathappened,Grandpa?”Davidsmiled,excitedlytakingthebookandthephototoPhilip.“Look,Philip.Thisisanoldphotoofmyfriendsandme!”hesaid.“IwishIcouldmeetthemagain.”PhilipsuggestedlookingforthemonFacebook.ThroughPhilip’stablet,theysearchedforDavid’sfriends.ToPhilip’ssurprise,theyweren’tonthesocialmediaplatform.DaviddecidedtogotohishometowntofindSteve,Dorothy,andTeresa.ThetownhadchangedalotandhefoundthatDorothy’sandSteve’shouseswerenolongerthere.Stillhopeful,Daviddecidedtovisitthelastaddress,whichwasTeresa’s.Ayounggirlopenedthedoor.“I’msorry,younglady.IwasjustlookingforTeresaGreen,butImighthavegottentheaddresswrong,”hesaid.Suddenly,thegirlshouted,“Grandma,youhaveavisitor!”4.WhydidDavidfindabooktoenjoywithPhilip?A.BecausePhilipwasentertainedmostbybooks.B.BecauseDavidintendedtoshowPhilipapicture.C.BecauseDavidrememberedsomethinginthebook.D.BecausePhilipwasnotingoodconditiononthatday.5.WhatsurprisedDavidashewaslookingthroughthebook?A.Aleaf. B.Apicture. C.Somefriends. D.Somebeachtours.6.HowdidPhiliphelpDavidsearchforhisfriends?A.Bypostingthepictureonline. B.ByvisitingthemwithDavid.C.Bygivingawayhistabletasagift. D.BylookingforthemonFacebook.7.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphprobablybeabout?A.DavidtoldPhilipaboutthewrongaddresses.B.Davidtalkedwiththegirlaboutsomelifelessons.C.DavidandTeresamanagedtocontactSteveandDorothy.D.Davidapologizedsincerelyforthetroublehehadcaused.〖答案〗4.D5.B6.D7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大卫在给孙子阅读的书中无意中发现了和老朋友的照片，于是开始寻找以前的朋友们。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,oneweekend,Philipfeltillandhadtostayinbed.Davidmadesuretokeephisgrandsonentertainedbyfindingabooktheycouldenjoytogether.(然而，有一个周末，菲利普感到不舒服，不得不卧床休息。大卫给他的孙子找了一本他们可以一起读的书，让他开心)”可知，大卫找了一本书和菲利普一起读是因为那天菲利普身体不好。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Suddenly,Davidwonderedaboutthepeopleinthephotograph,curioustoknowwherelifehadtakenthem.(突然，大卫对照片中的人产生了好奇，想知道生活把他们带到了哪里)”可知，当大卫翻阅这本书时，一张照片使他感到惊讶。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“PhilipsuggestedlookingforthemonFacebook.(菲利普建议在Facebook上找他们)”可知，菲利普在Facebook上帮助大卫寻找他的朋友。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“DaviddecidedtogotohishometowntofindSteve,Dorothy,andTeresa.ThetownhadchangedalotandhefoundthatDorothy’sandSteve’shouseswerenolongerthere.Stillhopeful,Daviddecidedtovisitthelastaddress,whichwasTeresa’s.Ayounggirlopenedthedoor.“I’msorry,younglady.IwasjustlookingforTeresaGreen,butImighthavegottentheaddresswrong,”hesaid.(大卫决定回家乡去找史蒂夫、多萝西和特蕾莎。小镇变了很多，他发现多萝西和史蒂夫的房子不在了。大卫仍然满怀希望，决定去拜访特蕾莎的最后一个住处。一个年轻女孩开了门。“对不起，小姐。我只是在找特蕾莎·格林，但我可能把地址搞错了，”他说)”以及最后一段“Suddenly,thegirlshouted,“Grandma,youhaveavisitor!”(突然，小女孩喊道：“奶奶，有人来了!”)”可知，大卫最后找到了特蕾莎，推测后面他会和特蕾莎设法联系上史蒂夫和多萝西。故选C。CDoyouoftenhaveseafoodlikecrabs?Whatwillyoudowiththecrabshells(壳)afteryourbigseafooddinner?Scientistshaveawonderfulwaytodealwithit.Theywanttouseachemicalfoundincrabshellstomakebatteries(电池)greener.“Wethinkboththebiodegradabilityofmaterial,orenvironmentalimpactandtheperformanceofthebatteriesareimportantforagoodproduct,”saidLiangbingHu,directoroftheUniversityofMaryland’sCenterforMaterialsInnovation.Asnowadayspeoplecareabouttheenvironmentmoreandmoreandtendtousegreenenergyandelectriccars,thebatteriesbeingusedforsuchtechnologyalsoneedtobeeco-friendly.Butthechemicalsusedintraditionalbatteriessuchaslithium-ioncantakehundredsorthousandsofyearstobreakdown.Thesechemicalsarealsoharmfulandeasytoburn.Insomecases,batterieshavecaughtfireonaircraft,orcausedfiresinwasteandrecyclingsites.TheresearchersinMarylandhavedevelopedbatteriesthatuseachemical,chitin,takenfromcrabshells.Thismaterialisvaluable,butusuallythrownawayasfoodwastefromrestaurants.Scientistshavelongbeenresearchingitsvariousapplications.Throughchemicalprocessing,chitincanfinallybeturnedintoapieceoffirmgel(凝胶),whichissuitabletobeusedforabattery.Bymixingitwithzinc,abluish-whitemetalincreasinglyusedtomakebatteriesthatarecheapandsafe,Hu’steamwasabletocreatearenewablebattery.Thebatteriesarenoteasytoburnandtwothirdsofthebatterycanbreakdownintheearthinjustfivemonths,leavingbehindrecyclablezinc.AntonioJFernándezRomero,aprofessorofmaterialsscienceforenergyproductionattheUniversityofCartagenainSpain,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,said,“Anewbatterythatisenvironment-friendlyandcheap,isoneofthemoreimportantproductsthatmustbedevelopedinthecomingyears.”8.WhydoestheauthoraskthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toattractreaderswithatasteforseafood. B.Toencourageustoexplorescience.C.Tocallonustoprotecttheenvironment. D.Tointroducetheeco-friendlybattery.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“biodegradability”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Theabilitytoproduceelectricity. B.Theabilitytobetransformed.C.Theabilitytobebrokendown. D.Theabilitytobefolded.10.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3andParagraph4?A.Thematerialfromcrabshellsiscollectedbyrestaurants.B.Chitinhasbeenappliedtomanyfieldsindifferentindustries.C.Traditionalbatteriesareneithersafenorenvironment-friendly.D.Chitinisvaluablebecausecrabsarenotcheapintherestaurants.11.What’sRomero’sattitudetowardsthenewbattery’sfuture?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Uncertain.〖答案〗8.D9.C10.C11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种利用螃蟹壳制作的环保电池。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Doyouoftenhaveseafoodlikecrabs?Whatwillyoudowiththecrabshells(壳)afteryourbigseafooddinner?Scientistshaveawonderfulwaytodealwithit.Theywanttouseachemicalfoundincrabshellstomakebatteries(电池)greener.(你经常吃螃蟹之类的海鲜吗？在你丰盛的海鲜晚餐之后，你会怎么处理蟹壳呢？科学家们有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题。他们想用一种在蟹壳中发现的化学物质来使电池更环保)”可知，第一段中的问题是为了引入环保电池。故选D。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Thebatteriesarenoteasytoburnandtwothirdsofthebatterycanbreakdownintheearthinjustfivemonths,leavingbehindrecyclablezinc.(这种电池不易燃烧，在短短5个月内，三分之二的电池会在土壤中分解，留下可回收的锌)”可知，这种环保电池5个月内三分之二的电池会在土壤中分解，留下可回收的锌，即具有被分解的能力。故划线词意思是“被分解的能力”。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Butthechemicalsusedintraditionalbatteriessuchaslithium-ioncantakehundredsorthousandsofyearstobreakdown.Thesechemicalsarealsoharmfulandeasytoburn.Insomecases,batterieshavecaughtfireonaircraft,orcausedfiresinwasteandrecyclingsites.(但传统电池（如锂离子电池）中使用的化学物质可能需要数百年或数千年才能分解。这些化学物质也是有害的，容易燃烧。在某些情况下，电池在飞机上起火，或在废物和回收场引发火灾)”可知，传统电池既不安全也不环保。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AntonioJFernándezRomero,aprofessorofmaterialsscienceforenergyproductionattheUniversityofCartagenainSpain,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,said,“Anewbatterythatisenvironment-friendlyandcheap,isoneofthemoreimportantproductsthatmustbedevelopedinthecomingyears.”(西班牙卡塔赫纳大学能源生产材料科学教授AntonioJ.Romero)没有参与这项研究，他说：“一种既环保又便宜的新型电池是未来几年必须开发的更重要的产品之一。”)”可知，罗梅罗对新电池的未来持积极态度。故选A。DIn2019,76%ofpeoplebetweentheagesof65and74,whoparticipatedinasurvey,saidtheyusedsocialmedia,comparedto40%fiveyearsearlier.Anincreaseinsocialmediausewasalsoseenamongpeopleaged75andover.AgrowingnumberofelderlypeopleareactiveonsocialnetworksandareusingtheInternettomakecalls.Buthowwillyoureactwhenyoufindoutyourgrandparentsareusingsocialmedia?Thetwomostcommonreactionsseemtobe,“Ohno!They’regoingtoseeeverythingIpostandstartwritingcomments”or“I’mgoingtohavetospendhoursteachingthemhowtoworkthis”.It’sonlyreasonablethatyourgrandparentsshouldneedhelptocreateanaccountonFacebook.Andwho’sabetterexpertthanyoutoteachthemthebasicsofsocialmedia?Youcaneitherbravelyofferyourhelporregretitlater.Oncetheyhavelearnedhowtousesocialmedia,theymaynevergetofftheirdeviceagain!TakeBaddieWinkle,forexample.This92-year-oldgrannyhasoverthreemillionfollowersonInstagram,includingsomecelebrities(名人)!Youshouldbehappyyourgrandparentsareeagertojointhedigitalworlds.Socialmediausecanhaveanumberofhealthbenefitsfortheelderly.Nowadaysfamiliesaremoregeographicallydistantthaneverbefore,andsocialmediaisagreatwaytoconnectwithfarawayrelatives.Whilenothingreplacesface-to-facecommunication,socialmediaisagreatwaytokeepintouchwithfamilymembers.Anotherbenefitisthatelderlypeoplecanmakenewfriendswhohavesimilarinterests,orfindlong-lostfriendsfromchildhood.Finally,socialmediausecanbeveryeducational.LookingthroughFacebooknewsisagreatwaytostayinformedandkeepuptodatewithlocalandglobalevents.Haveyourgrandparentshadasocialmediaaccountyet?Havetheyaskedyoutohelpthemcreateone,butyoudidn’tbother?Perhapsyoushouldmaketheeffortbecauseitmayaffecttheirqualityoflife.12.Howdoyoungpeopleusuallyreacttotheirgrandparents’usingsocialmedia?A.Theyfinditamazing. B.Theytrytoofferadvice.C.Theyhavemuchconcern. D.Theypaylittleattentiontoit.13.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBaddieWinkle?A.Shemainlyfocusesoncelebrities.B.Sheisfamousonsocialmediadespiteherage.C.Shefindsiteasytolearnhowtousesocialmedia.D.Shetriesveryhardtobehavelikeanordinaryperson.14.Socialmediausecanmaketheelderly.A.createFacebooknews B.keepupwiththetimesC.keepgoodhealthphysically D.replaceface-to-facecommunication15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Grandparentsbusyonline B.Grandparents’qualitytimeC.Socialmedia’shealthbenefits D.Socialmedia’sincreasinguse〖答案〗12.C13.B14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了老年人社交媒体使用呈现增长趋势，建议年轻人应帮助祖父母学习社交媒体，这有助于他们与家人保持联系、结交新朋友、获取信息，并可能提升他们的生活质量。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thetwomostcommonreactionsseemtobe,“Ohno!They’regoingtoseeeverythingIpostandstartwritingcomments”or“I’mgoingtohavetospendhoursteachingthemhowtoworkthis”.(最常见的两种反应似乎是：“哦，不！他们会看到我发布的所有内容并开始写评论”或“我将不得不花几个小时教他们如何使用这个”)”可知，年轻人通常对祖父母使用社交媒体通常的反应是有很多顾虑。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TakeBaddieWinkle,forexample.This92-year-oldgrannyhasoverthreemillionfollowersonInstagram,includingsomecelebrities(名人)!(以BaddieWinkle为例。这位92岁的老奶奶在Instagram上有300多万粉丝，其中包括一些名人)”可知，尽管年纪很大，但BaddieWinkle在社交媒体上很出名。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Finally,socialmediausecanbeveryeducational.LookingthroughFacebooknewsisagreatwaytostayinformedandkeepuptodatewithlocalandglobalevents.(最后，社交媒体的使用可以很有教育意义。浏览Facebook新闻是了解当地和全球事件的好方法)”可知，使用社交媒体可以让老年人跟上时代，了解新闻实事。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“AgrowingnumberofelderlypeopleareactiveonsocialnetworksandareusingtheInternettomakecalls.(越来越多的老年人活跃在社交网络上，并使用互联网打电话)”可知，文章围绕老年人社交媒体使用呈现增长趋势展开，建议年轻人应帮助祖父母学习社交媒体，这有助于他们与家人保持联系、结交新朋友、获取信息，并可能提升他们的生活质量。因此，A项“祖父母忙着上网”形象地概括了这一趋势，最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Themoonisamysteriousplacethathasfascinatedhumansforcenturies.Astechnologyhasadvanced,ourabilitytoexplorethemoonhasalsoincreased.___16___Oneofthemostsignificantadvancementsinmoonexplorationistheuseofunmannedspacecraft.___17___Thesespacecraftsareabletotraveltothemoonandcollectdatathathelpusunderstandmoreaboutitscomposition,atmosphere,andgeologicalfeatures.Bystudyingthemoon,scientistscangaininsightsintotheformationandevolutionofoursolarsystem.Anotherexcitingaspectoflunarexplorationisthepotentialforresourceextraction(提取).___18___Theycouldbeusedforvariouspurposes,includingtheproductionoffuelandbuildingmaterials.ExtractingtheseresourcescouldhelpreduceourdependenceonEarth-basedresourcesandpavethewayforamoresustainablefuture.Moreover,lunarexplorationalsoholdsthepromiseofscientificdiscovery.Bystudyingthemoon,wecangainadeeperunderstandingoftheuniverseandthelawsofphysicsthatgovernit.___19___Furthermore,newscientifictheoriescouldrevolutionizeourunderstandingoftheworld.___20___Themoon’sharshenvironment,lackofatmosphere,andextremetemperaturevariationsmakeitadifficultplacetoconductexperimentsandoperations.Despitethesechallenges,scientistsandengineerscontinuetopushtheboundariesofwhatispossibleinlunarexploration.Inconclusion,lunarexplorationisanexcitingandimportantfieldthatoffersvastpotentialforscientificdiscoveryandresourceextraction.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wecanexpecttoseemoreadvancementsinthisareaandadeeperunderstandingofthemoonanditsroleinoursolarsystem.A.Theycanstayonthemoonforlongerperiodsoftime.B.However,lunarexplorationisnotwithoutitschallenges.C.Itallowsscientiststocollectdatawithoutrisktohumanlife.D.Thisknowledgecouldleadtoadvancementsintechnology.E.Themoonisbelievedtocontainvaluablemineralsandresources.F.Herearesomeoftheintroductionsoftheunmannedspacecraftandnewstudy.G.Herearesomeoftherecentadvancementsinlunarexplorationanditsbenefits.〖答案〗16.G17.C18.E19.D20.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球探索的最新进展以及好处和挑战。【16题详析】根据上文“Themoonisamysteriousplacethathasfascinatedhumansforcenturies.Astechnologyhasadvanced,ourabilitytoexplorethemoonhasalsoincreased.(月球是一个神秘的地方，几个世纪以来一直吸引着人类。随着科技的进步，我们探索月球的能力也增强了)”以及下一段“Oneofthemostsignificantadvancementsinmoonexplorationistheuseofunmannedspacecraft.(月球探测中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用)”可知，本句为过渡句，引出后文月球探索的进展。故G选项“以下是月球探测的一些最新进展及其好处”符合语境，故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Oneofthemostsignificantadvancementsinmoonexplorationistheuseofunmannedspacecraft.(月球探测中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用)”以及后文“Thesespacecraftsareabletotraveltothemoonandcollectdatathathelpusunderstandmoreaboutitscomposition,atmosphere,andgeologicalfeatures.Bystudyingthemoon,scientistscangaininsightsintotheformationandevolutionofoursolarsystem.(这些航天器能够前往月球并收集数据，帮助我们更多地了解月球的组成、大气和地质特征。通过研究月球，科学家们可以深入了解我们太阳系的形成和演化)”可知，本句承接上文，介绍无人航天器的使用情况和好处。故C选项“它允许科学家在不危及人类生命的情况下收集数据”符合语境，故选C。【18题详析】根据后文“Theycouldbeusedforvariouspurposes,includingtheproductionoffuelandbuildingmaterials.ExtractingtheseresourcescouldhelpreduceourdependenceonEarth-basedresourcesandpavethewayforamoresustainablefuture.(它们可以用于各种目的，包括生产燃料和建筑材料。开采这些资源有助于减少我们对地球资源的依赖，并为更可持续的未来铺平道路)”可知，本句主要说明月球上含有可以开采的资源，E选项mineralsandresources对应后文theseresources。故E选项“月球被认为含有有价值的矿物和资源”符合语境，故选E。【19题详析】根据上文“Moreover,lunarexplorationalsoholdsthepromiseofscientificdiscovery.Bystudyingthemoon,wecangainadeeperunderstandingoftheuniverseandthelawsofphysicsthatgovernit.(此外，月球探索也有科学发现的希望。通过研究月球，我们可以对宇宙和支配它的物理定律有更深的了解)”以及后文“Furthermore,newscientifictheoriescouldrevolutionizeourunderstandingoftheworld.(此外，新的科学理论可以彻底改变我们对世界的理解)”可知，本句承接上文，说明掌握物理定律的好处。故D选项“这种知识可能导致技术的进步”符合语境，故选D。【20题详析】根据后文“Themoon’sharshenvironment,lackofatmosphere,andextremetemperaturevariationsmakeitadifficultplacetoconductexperimentsandoperations.Despitethesechallenges,scientistsandengineerscontinuetopushtheboundariesofwhatispossibleinlunarexploration.(月球的恶劣环境、缺乏大气层和极端的温度变化使它成为一个难以进行实验和操作的地方。尽管面临这些挑战，科学家和工程师们仍在继续挑战月球探测的极限)”可知，本段主要介绍了探月的挑战，B选项challenges对应后文challenges。故B选项“然而，探月并非没有挑战”符合语境，故选B。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MymomandIgotupearlytogoshoppingfortheChristmas.Asweweredrivingoutofastoreparkinglot,we___21___aterriblythinwoman.Shewasclearly___22___.ThatwomangotusthinkingaboutwhatChristmaswouldbelikeforsomeonewhohasnoplacetocallhome.Withnofamilytoturntoandcertainlyno___23___toopenonChristmasmorning,thesepeoplehavenothingto____24____butthecoldandlonelyplacewheretheychooseto___25___.EventhoughweliveinsunnyCalifornia,thetemperaturecan____26____dropbelow0°Conwinternights.Wherewouldthiswomansleepwhenthesunwentdown?Onourwayhome,we___27___countlesshomelesspeoplestandingonthestreetcornersholdingcardboard___28___with“JustHungry”writtenonthem.Thenextday,we___29___somebluetinsofcookiesandcandycanes.Wewrote“Call211forHelp”on___30___andtapedthemtothebottomsofthetins.“NotonlywillwebespreadingChristmas___31___,butnowthehomelesspeoplewillhavea(n)___32___tocallthatcangetthemthehelptheyneed,”mymomexplained.Weputallthetinsinthecarandwesearchedthestreetsfor____33____downontheirluck.Eventually,wefoundthewomanintheLowe'sparkinglot.She___34___tookthetinwithahandwrittencardandwhispered,“Thankyou.”asmymom___35___thecookiestoher.AswewishedherMerryChristmasanddroveoff,thegratefullookinhereyesstillseemedtofollowus.21.A.gotholdof B.caughtsightof C.kepttrackof D.letgoof22.A.homeless B.careless C.selfless D.shameless23.A.hearts B.windows C.presents D.letters24.A.lookdownupon B.lookoutfor C.lookawayfrom D.lookforwardto25.A.camp B.escape C.deliver D.migrate26.A.seldom B.never C.still D.already27.A.called B.resisted C.suffered D.passed28.A.signs B.models C.symbols D.tubes29.A.boiled B.bought C.lent D.drew30.A.cookies B.books C.cards D.tins31.A.art B.tales C.applause D.cheer32.A.name B.number C.title D.accident33.A.graduates B.applicants C.individuals D.volunteers34.A.confidently B.determinedly C.fearfully D.gratefully35.A.handed B.rewarded C.described D.awarded〖答案〗21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妈妈看到街上有许多无家可归的人，于是给他们买了食物并提供了一个可以求助的电话号码。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们开车驶出一家商店的停车场时，我们看见一个瘦得可怕的女人。A.gotholdof掌握；B.caughtsightof看见；C.kepttrackof跟踪；D.letgoof松开。根据后文“aterriblythinwoman”指他们开车看到了一个瘦弱的女人。故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她显然无家可归。A.homeless无家可归的；B.careless粗心的；C.selfless无私的；D.shameless无耻的。根据后文“ThatwomangotusthinkingaboutwhatChristmaswouldbelikeforsomeonewhohasnoplacetocallhome.(那个女人让我们开始思考，对于一个无家可归的人来说，圣诞节会是什么样子)”可知，女人无家可归。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有家人可以求助，当然也没有礼物可以在圣诞节早上打开，这些人除了选择在寒冷而孤独的地方露营外，没有什么可期待的。A.hearts心；B.windows窗户；C.presents父母；D.letters信。根据后文“Withnofamilytoturntoandcertainlyno”可知，无家可归的人没有家人，也没有礼物。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有家人可以求助，当然也没有礼物可以在圣诞节早上打开，这些人除了选择在寒冷而孤独的地方露营外，没有什么可期待的。A.lookdownupon看不起；B.lookoutfor留意；C.lookawayfrom背离视线；D.lookforwardto期待。根据后文“butthecoldandlonelyplacewheretheychooseto”以及上文提到他们没有家人，所以没有什么可以期待的。故选D。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有家人可以求助，当然也没有礼物可以在圣诞节早上打开，这些人除了选择在寒冷而孤独的地方露营外，没有什么可期待的。A.camp营地；B.escape逃走；C.deliver司机；D.migrate移民。根据上文“someonewhohasnoplacetocallhome”可知，这些人没有家，只能去寒冷而孤独的地方露营。故选A。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们生活在阳光明媚的加州，冬天的夜晚气温仍然会降到0°C以下。A.seldom几乎不；B.never从不；C.still仍然；D.already已经。根据后文“dropbelow0°Conwinternights”可知，虽然加州阳光明媚，冬天的夜晚气温仍然会降到0°C以下。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我们看到无数无家可归的人站在街角，手里举着写着“我只是饿了”的纸板牌子。A.called打电话；B.resisted抵制；C.suffered遭受；D.passed通过。根据后文“countlesshomelesspeople”指他们路过无家可归的人，故选D。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我们看到无数无家可归的人站在街角，手里举着写着“我只是饿了”的纸板牌子。A.signs标志；B.models模型；C.symbols象征；D.tubes管道。根据上文“holdingcardboard”以及后文“with“JustHungry”writtenonthem”指拿着写着“我只是饿了”的标志。故选A。【29题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天，我们买了一些蓝色的饼干罐头和棒棒糖。A.boiled煮沸；B.bought购买；C.lent借给；D.drew绘画。根据后文“somebluetinsofcookiesandcandycanes”以及他们送饼干罐头，可知是买了一些食物给这些人。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在卡片上写着“拨打211求助”，并把它们粘在罐头的底部。A.cookies饼干；B.books书籍；C.cards卡片；D.tins盒子。根据上文“Wewrote“Call211forHelp”on”可知，最有可能写字的卡片。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈解释说：“我们不仅可以传播圣诞快乐，而且现在无家可归的人也有了一个可以拨打的号码，可以得到他们需要的帮助。”A.art艺术；B.tales故事；C.applause鼓掌；D.cheer快乐。根据上文“bespreadingChristmas”指传播节日的快乐。故选D。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈解释说:“我们不仅可以传播圣诞快乐，而且现在无家可归的人也有了一个可以拨打的号码，可以得到他们需要的帮助。”A.name名字；B.number数字；C.title头衔；D.accident事故。呼应上文“Call211forHelp”指拨打211求助。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把所有的罐头都放进车里，在街上搜寻运气不好的人。A.graduates毕业生；B.applicants申请人；C.individuals个人；D.volunteers志愿者。根据后文“Eventually,wefoundthewomanintheLowe'sparkinglot.(最终，我们在劳氏的停车场找到了那个女人)”可知，他们在街上寻找需要帮助的人。故选C。【34题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当妈妈把饼干递给她时，她满怀感激地拿起罐头和一张手写的卡片，低声说:“谢谢你。”A.confidently自信地；B.determinedly坚定地；C.fearfully可怕地；D.gratefully感激地。根据后文“Thankyou”可知，女人得到帮助，很感激。故选D。【35题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当妈妈把饼干递给她时，她满怀感激地拿起罐头和一张手写的卡片，低声说:“谢谢你。”A.handed递给；B.rewarded奖赏；C.described描述；D.awarded奖励。根据后文“thecookiestoher”指妈妈把罐头递给女人，故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wax(蜡)printingisoneoftheancientChinesehandicraftmethodsofproducingdyed(染色的)cloth.Waxprintingdates___36___asearlyastheQinandHanDynasties.Thereisaninterestingstoryabout___37___waxprintingwasinventedinGuizhouProvince.___38___issaidthatlong,longago,therewasagirl___39___(live)inastonevillage.Sheenjoyeddyeingwhiteclothblueandpurple.Oneday,whileshewasworking,abeehappenedtolandonhercloth.Aftershetookawaythebee,shefound___40___obviouswhitedotleftonthecloth,whichlookedverypretty.Her___41___(discover)ledtotheuseofwaxindyeing.Thewaxprintingtechnique____42____(pass)downfromgenerationtogenerationinGuizhouProvinceandspread___43___(wide)acrossdifferentregionseversince.Theprocessofwaxprintingisasfollows:firstdrawsome___44___(image)offlowers,birds,fishorinsectsonapieceofwhitecloth,andthenuseaspeciallymadeknife-likeinstrument____45____(spread)meltedwaxinthosedesignsasithardens.Thenputtheclothintoanindigodyebathsothattheunwaxedpartstakeonthecolor.Washthedyedclothinboilingwaterandwaitforthewaxtomelt,leavingclearpatternsinwhiteonablueground.〖答案〗36.from37.how38.It39.living40.an41.discovery42.hasbeenpassed43.widely44.images45.tospread【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代生产染色布手工方法之一的蜡染，主要包括其历史、发明的故事和制作过程。【36题详析】考查介词。句意：蜡染的历史可以追溯到秦汉时期