阅读理解（原卷版）-2024年中考英语冲刺复习

【查补知识漏洞■通关练】

专题07阅读理解

（原卷版）

挑战中考题•直知识漏洞

（2023•山东淄博•中考真题）HaveyoueverreadAndersen'sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling（丑4、鸭）?Doyou

knowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.

YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,suchashamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopen-faced

sandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butalsoprettyandfun.Theyareworksofart.Tastingsomeisanexperiencethat

shouldn'tbemissed.

“Lego"toyswerecreatedinDenmark.Thetoysweremadeofwoodbefore.BuildingwithLegoshelps

studentslearnaboutengineering,physicsandtechnologyinafunway.In1968,thefirstLegolandthemepark

openedinBillund,Denmark.Today,thereareLegolandparksinCalifornia,Florida,Malaysia,Dubai,Windsor,

JapanandGermany.

BicyclingispopularinDenmark.NineoutoftenDaneshaveabike.Theyridetheirbikesnomatterwhatthe

weather.Theyaren9tjustridingbikesforfun.Theyusebikestogettowork,totaketheirkidstoplaces,andevento

carrygoods.Today,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingbikesovercars.TheyhaveasayinginDenmark:"A

bicycleisaDane'sbestfriend.5,

Denmarkiscalledthelandoffairytales.Andersen'sanotherpopularfairytaleisTheLittleMermaid（美人鱼）.

TheLittleMermaidstatue（雕塑）hasbeenregardedasDenmark'smostfamouslandmarksince1913.TheDanes

believethatshebringsthemgoodluck.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph1referto?

A.TheUglyDuckling.B.Denmark.C.Europe.D.Fastfood.

2.AccordingtoParagraph4,wecancallDenmark”

A.thecountryofbikesB.thelandoffairystories

C.thecapitalofartD.thehomeofLegos

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheLittleMermaidstatue?

A.Ifscalledfairyland.B.ItwasbuiltbyAndersen.

C.Itwelcomestheshipsthere.D.Ithasbeenthereforabout110years.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Fairytales.B.Andersen'slife.

C.SomefactsaboutDenmark.D.ThehistoryofDenmark.

V回顾核心考点•补知识漏洞

一.解题策略

1.先读问题，弄清考查要点。

先读问题可弄清考点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。

2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。

浏览全文时注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章

内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题

3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。

细读原文，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：

①抓住四个“W”和一个“H”,就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What（事件），When（时间），Where

（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌,

一些直接性的问题便可解决。

②抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，

指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物

心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。

③注意领会文章的寓意。

④根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的

题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一

遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。

4.重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思

想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便

减少失误。

二、主要题型及解题技巧

1.主旨大意题（Tofindoutthemainidea）

其目的是考查考生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。

解题技巧：

①抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨

找主题句，应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句一般具有以下特征：概括全段

思想；一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中；

解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（mainidea）、结

论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活

常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

③抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心

主旨题常见的命题形式：

(1)Themainideaofthepassageis.....

(2)Thispassageismainlyabout......

(3)Theauthor5spurposeinwritingthistextis......

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

(5)Whafsthetopicofthetext?

典例：

1.What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A.Manyparentsdon'tunderstandkids5languageintheirblogs.

B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.

C.Manyparentscan'tunderstandwhytheirkidsdon'tlikestudying.

2.Whatisthepassageabout?

A.Repairingoldcomputers.

B.Sellingoldcomputers.

C.Recyclingoldcomputers.

2.细节理解题(Tolookfordetails)

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

细节理解题常考题型：1、是非题2、例证题3、年代与数字4、比较5、原因6、事实排序题7、

直接信息题8、间接信息题9、综合信息题…

解题技巧：(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。

(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。

(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。

细节题常见的命题形式：

WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?

Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?

Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept...

Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Where,how,who,why,howlong等弓I导的特殊疑

问句要求判断细节。

典例：

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.

B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.

C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.

3、猜测词义题(Toguessthemeaning)

猜测词义题主要考查考生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能

力的主要组成部分，初中英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂

含有3%左右生词的语言材料。

解题技巧：

①通过因果关系猜测词义；

首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,

so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示前因后果。

Eg:Youshouldn'thaveblamehimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是责备。

②通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；

通过同义词猜词，一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如：happyandgay,即使我们不认识gay这个

词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。如：Manwasknowing

somethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.止匕句中Venus,Mars,Jupiter

均为生词，但是只要知道planets就可以猜出这几个词都是属于“行星”义域。

通过反义词猜词，一看表转折关系的连词或副词，如：but,while,however等；二看与not搭配的表示

否定意义的词。如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根据notatall…handsome就不难

推测，homely意为不英俊，不漂亮之意。

③通过构词法猜测词义；

阅读文章时，总会遇到新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推测，而他们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的

作用，此时，如果掌握了一些常用的合成、派生、转化等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

④通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；

Eg:Butsometimes,norainfallsforalonglongtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.从drought所在

句子的上下文我们可以得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought.由此可见drought意为“久

旱"、"旱灾"，而adryperiod和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常为：is,or,thatis,inotherwords,

becalled或破折号等来表示。

⑤通过描述猜测词义；

⑥用知识和生活经验猜测词义；

⑦根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。

常见命题形式如下：

(l)Theword"...”inthepassageprobablymeans.

(2)Whatdoestheword"..."mean.

(3)Theunderlined(划线的)wordmeans.

(4)Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword"…"isinEnglish.

(5)Theword”refersto.

典例:

l.Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased"isinEnglish.

A.hitB.criticizedC.laughedat

2.What'stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fined”?

A.罚款B.给予C.奖励

注意事项：

在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的

或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果

离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。

4.推理判断题(Toinferaconclusion)

推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题。推理判断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、

常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断

解题技巧：推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相

同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合

做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。

①推理深层含义的常见命题形式如下：

(l)Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

(2)Thewritersuggestthat.

(3)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

(4)Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.

(5)Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat.

典例：

Wecanlearnthelastparagraphthat

A.It'seasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.

B.It'ssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.

C.It'spopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.

②推理作者意图、观点、态度的常见命题方式如下：

Thewriter?spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.......

Inthewriter'sopinion,agoodschoolshould.......

Whatshouldbetherightattitudetowards

Thewriter'sattitudetoward"..."is.......

Thewritermainlywantstotellus.......

例：

Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onour

wayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.t6Buyit."Mywifesaidatonce,

“We'Hcarryithomeontheroofrack..Tvealwayswantedonelikethat.^^WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas

$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.

Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusbandthecupboard.

A.thoughtitwasworthbuyingB.believedtheyneededtobuy

C.wasgladtohaveboughtD.wouldrathernotbuy

【详解】从划线部分我们可以看出，这位丈夫是由于妻子喜欢不得不买，由此推断答案应为D。

♦知识通关演练

——----------

<1>

（2024•云南•一模）InChina,theyear2024isknownaslongnianinthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.

Overalongperiodoftime,ithasbeencalledtheYearoftheDragoninEnglish.Butactually,therearealotof

differencesbetweentheChineselongandtheWesterndragon.

TheChineselongismadeupofpartsofsomegentleanimals,suchasarabbifseyesandanox'sears.In

Chinesemythology,longisabletofly.Inaddition,itcanalsospray（喷洒）waterfromitsmouthtocreaterain.

However,inWesternculture,adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofasnakeandbigwingsofabat.

Whafsmore,youwillfindmostoftheWesterndragonsindarkcolorsbecausetheyusuallystandfbrevil（牙B恶）.

Asaresult,normallyattheendofthestories,theevildragonwillbebeatenbythesuperheroes.

Whatmakessuchdifferences?Infact,theyhavesomethingtodowiththeculturaldifferences.InChinese

Confucian（儒家的）ideas,kindnessandharmony（和谐）areveryimportant.Itisourdutytohelpeachotherand

liveapeacefullife.Westernculture,ontheotherhand,prefersindividualheroism（个人英雄主义）.Whenever

somethingterriblehappens,therewillbeasuperherowhoisbraveenoughtostandout,fightagainsttheenemyon

hisown,and,ofcourse,savethewholeworld.

Inrecentyears,Chinesehavetriedtotranslatelonginanotherway.Forexample,Zhejiang9sLoongAirhas

alreadywrittenlongasLoong.OneofthereasonsisthatLoongsoundsthesameastheChinesecharacterlong.

Besides,theletters"oo"inthewordLoonglooklikethetwobigeyesoftheanimal,whichmakesiteasierto

memorizethisword.

Anyway,nomatterhowlongistranslated,thereisonethingforsure:theChineselongisdifferentfromthe

Westerndragon,anditisasymbolofgoodluck.

WishyouandyourfamilythebestintheYearofLoong!

1.WhichofthefollowingisthepictureofaWesterndragon?

2.AccordingtotheChineseConfucianideas,whatmightbethereasonforlongtospraywater?

A.Tofightagainsttheevildragon.B.Tohelpthefarmersinthedryweather.

C.Toshowitspowerandability.D.Tomakeitselfthesuperherointhisworld.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofabat.

B.2024istheyearofLoonginthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.

C.TheWesterndragonisasymbolofgoodluck.

D.Longcan'tflybecauseithasnowings.

4.makeLoongthenewtranslationoftheChinesecharacterlongaccordingtothepassage.

A.ThehistoricalbackgroundandculturalmeaningB.Thehistoricalbackgroundandspelling

C.ThepronunciationandspellingD.Theculturalmeaningandpronunciation

5.Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywefindthispassage?

A.HealthyLife.B.CreativeArt.C.AmazingAnimals.D.ColorfulCulture.

<2>

（2024•云南・~~k模）ZongQinghouwasthefounder•（创始人）ofHangzhouWahahaGroup.Hewasbornin

1945inwartimeChina.HegrewupverypoorinHangzhouandoftenwenthungry.Hisfatherwasoutofwork,and

hismothersupportedthefamilyoffivechildrenasafactoryworker.

“Becauseofthehardship,asachildIhadmanydreamsandhopedtomakebigmoneyformyparentsin

return,Zongsaidinahistorybook.Astheeldestchild,Zongleftschoolafterjuniorhightosupporthisfamilyand

spentovertenyearsdoingdifferentjobs,includinghardphysicalworkatafar-awayfarm.

In1978,ZongreturnedtoHangzhouandspentthenexttenyearsworkingasasalesman.4tMyonlydreamat

thattimewastohavemyowncompanyanddowhatIwantedtodo,andIhadbeenlookingforsuchachance,9,he

saidinthehistorybook.Thechancefinallycamein1987.Zongborrowed140,000yuantostarthisowncompany,

sellingicepops（冰棒）andstationery（文具）tostudentsatanearbyprimaryschool.

Thecompany,whichwouldlaterbecomeWahaha,soldicepopsforacenteach.Duringhisdoor-to-door

sales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickyeaterssothattheycan'tgetallthenecessarynutrition（营养）.

Thatwasabigheadacheforparents.

Seeingapotentialchance,Zongworkedwithaprofessorofnutritiontoinventavitamindrinkforchildren

calledWahahaOralLiquid.Theproductbecameahugesuccesssoon.Thecompanyachievednearly100million

yuaninsalesinthethirdyearafteritwentonthemarket.Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroup

afterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.

6.HowmanypeoplewerethereinZong'sfamily?

A.Three.B.Five.C.Seven.D.Nine.

7.Theunderlinedword"picky“inparagraph4meansinChinese.

A.贪嘴的B.挑剔的C.厌食的D.健康的

8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Zongsucceededatlastbecauseofhisgoodluck.

B.Zongworksinhisowncompanyin1980.

C.WahahaOralLiquidwasn'tpopularatfirst.

D.WahahaOralLiquidcanoffernecessarynutritiontochildren.

9.WhichistherightorderaboutZong'slife?

©ZongworksasasalesmaninHangzhou.②Zongdiddifferentjobstosupporthisfamily.

③WaHahagroupwasfounded.@Zongboughtafallingfoodfactory.

⑤Zongborrowedmoneytostarthisowncompany.@Zongdreamedtomakebigmoney.

A.⑥①④②③⑤B.⑥②①⑤④③C.⑥②①⑤③④D.⑥①⑤④②③

10.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HangzhouWahahaGroupB.HowtoSellWahahaOralLiquid

C.HowtoMakeBigMoneyD.ZongQinghouandWahahaGroup

<3>

（2024•北京・一模）Inthepastdecade,theuseofsocialmediahasgrowninawaythatnoonecouldhave

guessed.Ithasturnedsometeenagersintocelebrities（名人）andturnedthefamousintotheinfamous,overnight.

Akeyfeature（特征）ofsocialmedia,however,isitsvolatility.Trends（趋向，动向）comeandgo,

disappearingalmostasquicklyastheyappeared.

ShortvideoappssuchasTikTokanditsChineseequivalent（对应词）Douyin,tooktheworldbystorm.

TikTokwasonceranked8thonApple'sAppStore,andDouyinhadmorethan300milliondomesticmonthlyactive

users.

Whyaretheseshortvideos,whicharerarely（罕有）longerthanafewminutes,sopopular?JiangYige,

Singapore-basedanalystatFengHeFundManagement,hasatheory.66Shortvideosarejustrighttofillinthelittle

gapsinourbusyschedules,hetoldCNBC.

Thesevideos,apartfrombeingveryconvenient,areimportanttoteenagersbecausetheyallowthemto

expressthemselves,accordingtoTeenVogue.

LizaKoshy,auseroftheUSappMusical,whohasover2millionfollowers,said,“Thesenseofcommunity

thatusersofshortvideoappsgetisanotherappealing（有吸弓I力的）feature.

Livestreaming（直播）isafeatureofoursocialmedialifethatnowseemsas,naturalassunrise.Ifsapretty

neatidea:Youcanwatchanyone,anywhere,live?However,Chinahastakenlivestreamingtoawholenewlevel.

InChina,millionsofviewersmonthlywatchalivestreamingvideo.Forbesthoughtthatanumberoffactorshad

ledtothepopularityofthelivestreaming.Amongthemisviewers9abilitytointeractwithunknownnames.

However,thequickdevelopmentofsocialmediamaybehavingsideeffectstoo.Fakenewsisoneserious

problemitcauses.Materialssharedontheseplatformsareoftennotcheckedforaccuracy（准确，精确）.Themost

basiccontent（内容）canbefalseandcanmisleadusersonewayoranother.Weusesocialmediaallthetime,which

doesn'tmeanthatweunderstandtheinfluenceitishavingonus.Weshouldbemindfulofboththetimewespend

onitanditspowerfuleffectonourminds.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“volatility“inParagraph2possiblymean?

A.Beingchangeable.B.Beingvaluable.

C.Beingcomfortable.D.Beinginternational.

12.AccordingtoLizaKoshy,whyareshortvideoappsverypopular?

A.Theyareveryconvenient.

B.Theyhelppeoplekilltime.

C.Theyprovideasenseofcommunity.

D.Theyallowpeopletoexpressthemselves.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutsocialmedia?

A.Livestreamingisthemostpopularwayofoursocialmedialife.

B.Peoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachotherwithoutsocialmedia.

C.Thereisstillmuchroomforsocialmediatomakeimprovement.

D.Takingshortvideosisthebestwayforteenagerstoexpressthemselves.

14.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?

A.Shortvideoappswilltaketheworldbystorminthefuture.

B.Socialmediacanhelpyouturnintocelebritiesveryquickly.

C.Peoplecanshareanyinterestingmaterialsontheplatformswithoutchecking.

D.Ifswisetothinkoverboththetimeandtheeffectwhenweusesocialmedia.

<4>

（2024•四川南充•二模）ThefilmYOLO（YouOnlyLiveOnce）directedbyJiaLing,China'smost

successfulfemalefilmmakerhasbecomeahitrecently.Inthefilm,JiaplaysLeYing,ajoblesswomaninher

thirtieswhostillliveswithherparentsuntiloneday,shemeetsaboxingcoach（拳击教练），HaoKun（playedby

LeiJiayin）,andlaterfindsstrengthandhopeinboxingtrainingandchangesherlife.Theactress-directorlost50

kiloswhichbecameahottopicinsocialmedia.

Afterwatchingthefilm,manypeoplestarttryingtoloseweight.Somepeopleplantojoingyms,butnotall

ofthemcansticktoexercise.Sohowdoyoumakesureyoufindagymyoulike,andmoreimportantly,onewhere

youfeelcomfortable?

Toanswerthequestions,JarrodSaracco,afitness（健身）coachwith20yearsofexperienceinthefield,

giveshisadvice."Fromthemomentyouwalkin,itshouldbeabouttheenergyandtheexperience.Dotheygreet

you?Dopeopleworkingoutlooklikethey'rehavingagoodtime?”

However,therearesomanygymsinChina,sochoosingtherightonemaytakeyoualittletime.Hereare

sometipsabouthowtochooseagoodgym.

Findagymclosetoyourhome.Youcanwalktothegymtodosomesports.It'sbettertodrivelessthan15

minutes.Ifyoufindagoodplacetoparkyourcar,yourchoicemayberight.

Visitatyourbestworkouttime.Saturdayafternoonmaybetherighthourtocheckoutagym.Youcango

andhavealookatit.Ifitisverycrowded,tryanothergym.

Checkforcleanmachines.Keepingthingscleanornotmeansthegymisgoodorbad.Aprofessionalstaff

membershouldalsobewiping（擦拭）downmachinesintheday.Whileyouarevisiting,watchtoseewhether

there'sastrictruleofwipingdowneverythingafteruse.Ifnot,tryanothergym.

15.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Inthemovie,LeYingmetHaoKuninthegymwheresheworked.

B.ItbecameahottopicinsocialmediathatJiaLinglost50fans.

C.ThefilmYOLOwasdirectedbyChina,smostsuccessfulmalefilmmaker.

D.Itmeansmoretopeopletofeelcomfortableinagym.

16.If,thegymisagoodchoice.

A.ittakeslessthan15minutestowalkthere

B.manypeopleworkoutthereandtheyseemtoenjoythemselves

C.thecoachesthereareenergetic,experiencedandgood-looking

D.themachinestherearealwayscleanedwell

17.Howmanypiecesofadviceonthetopicdoesthewriteroffer?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.None.

18.Whichisthestructureofthepassage?

A.①②/③/④⑤⑥⑦B.①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦

C.①/②③/④⑤⑥⑦D.①②③/④⑤⑥/⑦

19.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?

A.YOLO-AGreatMovie!B.LefsGoToGyms!

C.CheckforCleanMachines!D.StickToExercise!

<5>

（2024•北京房山•一模）Canyouseetheglassashalffull,ratherthanhalfempty?Areyoualwayslooking

onthebrightsideoflife?Ifso,youmightbeanoptimist.

Anoptimistissomeonewhoishopefulaboutthefutureandtendstoexpectthatgoodthingswillhappen.A

numberofstudieshaveshownthatoptimistsenjoyhigherlevelsofhappiness,bettersleep,lowerstressandeven

bettercardiovascular（心血管的）healthandimmune（免疫的）function.Andnow,astudyconnectsbeingan

optimistwithalongerlife.

Researchersfollowedthelifespan（寿命）ofsome160,000womenaged50to79for26years.Theywere

dividedintotwogroupsbycompletingaself-reportmeasureofoptimism.Womenwiththehighestscoreswere

consideredoptimists.Thosewiththelowestscoreswereconsideredpessimists.Then,theresearchersfollowedup

withthestudy.Theyfoundthatthosewhohadthehighestlevelsofoptimismweremorelikelytolivelonger.So

whyisitthatoptimistslivelonger?

Onepossiblereasonisthatitcouldberelatedwiththeirhealthierlifestyles.Forexample,researchfrom

severalstudieshasfoundthatoptimismisrelatedwitheatingahealthydiet,stayingphysicallyactiveandbeingless

likelytosmokecigarettes.Thesehealthybehaviorsarewellknowntoimprovehearthealthandreducetheriskfor

cardiovasculardisease.Acceptingahealthylifestyleisalsoimportantforreducingtheriskofotherpotentially

deadlydiseases,suchascancer.

Anotherpossiblereasoncouldbethewayoptimistsmanagestress.Whenfacedwithastressfulsituation,

optimistswillreducestresslevelsandboostthepowertotakesteps.Theyusemethodstosolvethesourceofthe

stress,orlookatthesituationinalessstressfulway.Forexample,optimistswillplanwaystodealwiththematter,

callonothersforsupportortrytofindhopeinthestressfulsituation.

Inshort,thewaysoptimistsdealwithstressmighthelpprotectthemsomewhatagainstitsharmfuleffects.

Bethepersonwholooksattheglasshalffull.Appreciatethelittlethingsinyourlifeandfaceyourproblemswitha

smileandatake-chargeattitude.Optimismisthebesttoolwhenitcomestochangingyouroutlookonlife.

HALFHALF

FULL

20.Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablyanoptimist?

A.Tomisupsetonrainyorsnowydays.

B.Lucyisunwillingtoaskothersforsupport.

C.ChriskeepsvolunteeringattheNursingHome.

D.Marrybelievesshecansolvetheproblemshemeets.

21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peoplewhoseehalf-emptyglassaremorehopeful.

B.Healthylifestylewillhelptreatcardiovasculardisease.

C.Optimismisrelatedwithbeinglikelytosmokecigarettes.

D.Optimistsmayenjoylongerlifespanthanthelessoptimisticones.

22.Theword“boost“inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"

A.shareB.increaseC.loseD.limit

23.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletobeoptimistictowardslife.

B.Togivesuggestionsonhowtodealwithstress.

C.Toshowtheresultsofastudyonhealthylifestyles.

D.Totelltheeffectsofbeingoptimisticamongwomen.

<6>

（2024•山东•一模）

Confucianism（儒家思想），thewayoflifedevelopedbyConfucius,hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeoplefor

morethantwothousandyears.

FiveConstants（五常）----ren,yifli,zhi,xin------ispartofConfucianismandtheyhelppeopleunderstand

howtobehavetowardsothers.Theyaregeneralvirtues（美德）aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoareren

andli.

Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbe

understoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople4tWhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdoto

others”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule（treatothersasyouwishtobetreated）.

Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyor

evenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,

discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors（祖先）.Whilerenismostly

aboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowards

theworldaroundus.

AlthoughXiaoisn'toneofFiveConstants,ifsthebasicConfucianvirtue.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,

obeyingandtakingcareofone'sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious（和

谐的）society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.

24.WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?

A.Renandyi.B.Renandli.C.Liandxin.D.Yiandzhi.

25.WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?

A.博学于文，约之以礼。B.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

C.己所不欲，勿施于人。D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。

26.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof〃？

A.Buildingapeacefulsociety.B.Takingcareofone'schildren.

C.Learningallthroughone'slife.D.Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea.

27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Fiveconstantsmainlyteachushowtoloveourselves.

B.TheGoldenRuleinthewesthasalotincommonwithRen.

C.Renisaboutthewayweshowourfeelingsando