【2024年一轮复习模拟卷】第一模拟（新高考I卷）（解析版）

第一模拟（仿新高考I卷）2024年高考英语一轮复习模拟卷（解析版）注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三校联考期末）Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Closethewindow.B．Buyanewsweater.C．Putonmoreclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:Wouldyoupleaseclosethewindow?Ifeelabitcold.M:Oh,I’msorry,butmaybeyoushouldputonyoursweater.Weneedsomefreshair.2．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）Howmuchwillthewomanpaytorentthecar?A．200dollars. B．210dollars. C．240dollars.【答案】C【原文】M:WelcometoCarsRentalCompany.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Ineedtorentacarforeightdays.Whatareyourrates?M:30dollarsaday.3．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A．Asouvenir. B．Aplace. C．Apieceofcloth.【答案】A【原文】M:Wheredidyougetthis?It’sbeautiful.W:Oh,I’vebeentosomanyplaces;Ialmostcan’trememberwherethat’sfrom.Judgingfromthecolorofthecloth,thatmustbeasouvenirIboughtinSouthAmerica.4．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A．Chargeherphone. B．Leavethehouse. C．Callhermother.【答案】C【原文】W:Uh-oh.Ithinkmycellphoneisabouttodie.M:Don’tworry,Ichargedminebeforeweleftthehouse.W:Thankgoodness.Idon’twantmymothertoworry!She’salreadycalledthreetimes.5．（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Whydoesthemanapologize?A．Fortheterriblefood.B．Fortheovercharge.C．Forthewaiter’srudeness.【答案】B【原文】M:Sorry,Miss.Wemadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthebill.Hereisthetendollarswehavetoreturntoyou.W:Oh,Ididn’tnoticethat.It’sOK.Don’tblamethewaiter.He’sbeenreallynice.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话或独白后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。（2023·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考二模）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Motherandson. B．Friends. C．Strangers.7．Whydidbakersputanextrapieceofbreadinabaginthepast?A．Theywereafraidtobepunishedforgivingtoolittle.B．Theywantedtomakethecustomershappy.C．Therewasmorespaceinthebag.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】W:Howmanyeggscomeinadozen?M:Adozenis12.W:Really?Ithoughtitwas13butthinkingaboutitnow,itwouldn’tmakesensefortheboxtohaveanunevennumberofspaces.M:Thereissomethingcalledabaker’sdozen.Alongtimeago,givingasmalleramountofbreadthanapersonpaidforwasillegal.Sothenbakersbegantoputoneextrapieceintheirbagssotheywouldnotbefined.W:Wow!Thatisinteresting!Howdoyouknowsomuchaboutoldbakers?M:Mymotherownedabakery.Shemadebreadallthetime!Itwassodelicious.W:Thatdoessounddelicious.Doyouknowhowtobakebread?M:No,IwishIhadlearnedproperly.Mymothertriedtoshowmeonce,butIwastooyoungtounderstand.（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中学校联考一模）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthedancecompetition?A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Confident.9．Whatisthewomanlookingforwardtomost?A．Dancinginfrontofmanypeople.B．Watchinggooddancersonstage.C．Makingsomegoodnewfriends.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】W:Haveyouheardaboutthedancecompetitionmyclassisgoinginfor,UncleSam?M:Yes,yourmomsaidyouwerereallyexcitedaboutit.Aren’tyoujustabitnervousaboutdancinginfrontofsomanypeople,though?W:No.There’llbelotsofreallygooddancers.Ourteachersayswe’lllearnlotsjustbywatchingthemonstage.M:Iexpectyou’llmakesomegoodnewfriendsthere.W:Mm.That’swhatI’mlookingforwardtomostofall.（2023·全国·统考高考真题）听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10．WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?A．Sheplantedvegetables.B．Shewenttoayardsale.C．Shevisitedhergrandpa.11．WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?A．Aplaneticket. B．Afamilyphoto. C．Apostcard.12．WheredoesMarklive?A．LosAngeles. B．Chicago. C．Philadelphia.13．WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?A．Brotherandsister. B．Husbandandwife. C．Fatheranddaughter.【答案】10．C11．A12．C13．A【原文】W:Morning,Mark.M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa’s.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.W:Novels?M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticketfrom2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.W:Wasit?M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthemoftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-handbookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister’soldbooklandedinyourhands.That’sreallycrazy.（2023春·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whydidn’tSallyattendtheparty?A．Herfamilymemberwasunwell.B．Sheforgotthetimeoftheparty.C．Shehadaheadachelastnight.15．HowlongdidDavidstayattheparty?A．2hours. B．3hours. C．4hours.16．WhatimpressedDavidmostattheparty?A．Dancingandsinging. B．Cheerfulatmosphere. C．Snacksanddrinks.17．Whereprobablywasthepartyheld?A．Inacocktailbar. B．Atafriend’shouse. C．Inadessertshop.【答案】14．A15．C16．C17．B【原文】M:Hi,Sally.Didyougotothepartyyesterday?W:No,Ididnot.Itookmygrandfathertoahospitalforhisheadache.Didyouenjoyyourselfthere?M:Uh,itwasreallyawonderfulpartywithcheerfulatmosphere.TheJacksonfamilyweresofriendlyandgenerous!W:Really?Comeon,David,tellmemore.M:Igotthereat7:00p.m.andthepartyendedat10:00p.m.withfulljoyofchatting,dancingandsinging,andIevenstayedforonemorehourdrinkingandchattingwithMr.Jackson.W:Itsoundsgreat!M:Absolutely!Allthingsweresoincredible,especiallythesnacksanddrinkswhichgavemethedeepestimpression,asyouknow,Iamadessertlover.Theblueberrycake,thecherrypieandthechocolateweresodelicious.W:Ah,howIwishIhadbeenthereaswell!But,whatkeptyouaftertheparty?M:Thecocktails!TheywerethebestIhadevertriedbeforethankstothebartendertheyhired,andIcouldn’tresist.Mr.Jacksoneveninvitedmetostayforthenightintheirguestroom,butIhadmybrotherpickmeup.（2023·湖南长沙·湖南师大附中校考一模）听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself?A．Sheisverypatient. B．Sheisinpoorhealth. C．Sheisabitindependent.19．Whydidthespeakersetuptheorganization?A．Toproducemasks. B．Tomakemoreprofits. C．Toofferpeoplejobs.20．Whatdoesthespeakermeanattheendofthetalk?A．Sheisreadytohelpothers. B．Shewantsmorevolunteers. C．Shehasenoughmasksnow.【答案】18．B19．A20．B【原文】W:MynameisAmandaBrown,thefounderofthenon-profitorganizationSewingMouthMasks.SomepeoplemayaskmehowIstartedtheorganization.Well,Iamapatientwithlungproblems.Ihavedependedoncaregiversforyears.Recently,oneofthemtoldmeshehadpaid10dollarsforamasktoprotectherselffromtheflu.NotuntilthendidIrealizethesevereshortageofmasks.Thatgavemeanidea.Icoulddosomethingforthosewhooncehelpedme—mydoctor,myfriends.Ihopetheycouldprotectthemselvesbetter.Asawomangoodatsewing,Icameupwiththeideaofsewingmasksformydoctorandcaregivers.Quitebeyondmyexpectations,aweeklater,whatstartedasaone-personoperationhasgrownintoasmallarmyofat-homevolunteermaskmakers.IcreatedawebpagecalledSewingMouthMasks.Forthefirsttwodays,3,000membersregistered.Soon,thatnumberroseto5,300.Therefore,Iestablishedtheorganizationnamedafterthewebpageandwevolunteeredtomakemasksforthosewhoneedthem.Now,wehaveplentyofvolunteers.Butit’sstillfarfromenoughtorelievetheshortageofmasks.Westillneedmanymorehands.Anyonewhowantstohelpiswelcome,evenifyoucanonlymakeoneaday.Comeon,joinusandmakeyourcontributions.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023·广东·华南师大附中校考三模）Thebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknowKiteFestival9-11JuneNewlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacularstatelyhomeKirtlingtonParkinOxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,combiningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreateauniqueprogrammefeaturingliveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.OvertheKiteFestivalweekend,you’llfindaward-winningauthorssharingtheirinsightsoncraftingstoriesandelectronicpoplegendsheadliningontheSaturdaynight.Primadonna28-30JulyHeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonnapridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworksbywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebeheard.Thereareinsightfulworkshopscoveringeverything,includingsessionsonhowtogetyourfootinthedoorofthepublishingworld.Thefamily-friendlyeventalsohasplentytokeepkidsoccupied,fromcraftactivitiestoentertainingtalksfrombig-namewriters.Queen’sParkBookFestival2-3SeptemberQueen’sParkBookFestivalistheonlyoneinthecapitaltobeheldinapublicpark,makingitalow-keyaffairthatfeelsmorelikeagardenpartythanafull-blownfestival.Alongsidewriters’discussionsontheirlatestworks,you’llfindperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhip-hopversemaestroPoetcuriousandnightlypartiesoncethesunsets.HenleyLiteraryFestival30September-8OctoberHenleyishometoanimpressiveliteraryfestival,whichtakesplacesoveraweekinOctoberatvariousvenuesthroughoutthetown,includingthegrandriversideprivatemembers’clubPhyllisCourtandthehistorictownhall.Alongsidemaineventsfeaturingfamouswriters,there’salsoahugelypopularchildren’sfestival,wherelittlebookwormsgetthechancetocomeface-to-facewiththeirfavouriteauthors.21．Whichfestivalpromotesless-readwriters?A．KiteFestival. B．Primadonna.C．Queen’sParkBookFestival. D．HenleyLiteraryFestival.22．Wherecanvisitorsenjoyperformances?A．KiteFestival&Primadonna.B．Primadonna&HenleyLiteraryFestival.C．KiteFestival&Queen’sParkBookFestival.D．Queen’sParkBookFestival&HenleyLiteraryFestival.23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceaspecialbookfestival.B．Topromotelocalactivitiesforfamilies.C．Toinformreadersofsomeliteraryevents.D．Toprovideintroductionsaboutfamousauthors.【答案】21．B22．C23．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是2023年英国最好的文学节的相关信息。21．细节理解题。根据Primadonna部分的“HeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonnapridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworksbywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebeheard.(Primadonna在Suffolk的MuseumofEastAnglianLife举办，它为自己创造了一个空间，展示女性和那些原本可能听不到他们声音的人的作品。)”可知，Primadonna会推广被较少阅读的作家，故选B。22．细节理解题。根据KiteFestival部分的“Newlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacularstatelyhomeKirtlingtonParkinOxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,combiningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreateauniqueprogrammefeaturingliveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.(去年，这个文学节在牛津郡壮观的富丽堂皇的柯特灵顿公园举行，这是第一个这样的文学节，将音乐和突破性的想法结合起来，创造了一个独特的节目，包括现场表演和互动讨论。)”和Queen’sParkBookFestival部分的“Alongsidewriters’discussionsontheirlatestworks,you’llfindperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhip-hopversemaestroPoetcuriousandnightlypartiesoncethesunsets.(除了作家们对他们最新作品的讨论，你还会发现嘻哈诗歌大师Poetcurious举办的表演诗歌活动和日落后的夜间派对。)”可知，游客在KiteFestival和Queen’sParkBookFestival中可以欣赏表演。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据标题“Thebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknow(2023年英国最好的文学节现在开始预订)”可知，本文主要介绍的是2023年英国最好的文学节的相关信息，因此目的是告知读者一些文学事件。故选C。B（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupcomedianin2003.I’dneversetfootinacomedyclubbefore.I’vealwaysbeenaperformer-I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician-butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthetwintowersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbeentertained.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinallypluckedupthecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewouldmakeofme.InNewYork,comediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughtobreakthroughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearlysurprisedtoseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewassilence.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing,Iwasaddicted.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyone-womanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Eventoday,I’mnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,“Hello,everybody.I’m88andthree-quartersyearsold.I’mtellingyouthatincaseIdon’tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.”ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldcomeuptome,sayingwhataninspirationIam.Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmyage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakeabackseatinlife.I’venointentionofstoppingcomedy.I’mtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbeperformingwhenI’m100.Mygoalistostillbeuptheremakingpeoplelaugh.It’shardwork,butitstopsmebeingbored.I’donlybeplayinggolfotherwise24．Whatmadethewritertakeupcomedy?A．Shewantedtoovercomeherfears B．Shewantedtobrightenothers’livesC．Shewasunwillingtoquitperforming D．Shewantedtoworkoutaroutine25．WhydoesthewritermentionyoungmenwithbeardsinParagraph3?A．ToshowthechallengeshewasfacingB．ToexplainherattractiontothejobC．ToillustrateherspecialadvantageD．Todescribehernewfriendsincomedy26．Howhasthewritermadeprogresssinceherfirstperformance?A．ShenowperformsbeforelargeraudiencesB．ShenolongerfeelsnervousbeforeperformancesC．SheremainsonthestageforalongertimeD．Shehaslearnedtomakeajokeofherage27．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriteragreewith?A．AgeisjustanumberB．AdvancingyearsbringgreaterwisdomC．OldagemeansachancetositbackD．Beingelderlymeansyouhavetoslowdown【答案】24．B25．A26．D27．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者高龄从事喜剧表演给人们带去欢乐并激励其他人的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.(就在那时，我开始思考喜剧。我意识到人们需要笑，需要重新享受生活，我想只要稍加训练，我就能做到)”可知，作者从事喜剧是因为她想让人们的生活快乐起来，重新享受生活。故选B。25．推理判断题。根据第三段的“InNewYork,comediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughtobreakthroughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。作为一个女人，想要突破已经很困难了，对于一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人来说，就更难了)”推知，作者提到留胡子的年轻人是为了表明她所面临的挑战——性别和年龄。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Eventoday,I’mnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,“Hello,everybody.I’m88andthree-quartersyearsold.I’mtellingyouthatincaseIdon’tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.”ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.(直到今天，我出门前还是很紧张。我的第一句话是：“大家好。我88又四分之三岁了。我告诉你这些是为了以防我没能撑到最后。”然后人们笑了，我也放松了)”可知，作者自第一次表演后尝试用调侃自己的年龄做开场，这样自己和听众都很放松。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmyage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakeabackseatinlife.(他们说，当他们到了我这个年纪时，他们想和我一样活跃。我很高兴我能证明，作为一个老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二线)”和最后一段的“I’venointentionofstoppingcomedy.I’mtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbeperformingwhenI’m100.(我无意停止演喜剧。我吃了这么多药，努力活下去，我希望我100岁的时候还能继续表演)”推知，作者认为年龄只是一个数字而已，无论到了哪个年龄阶段，我们都可以做自己喜欢且有意义的事情。故选A。C（2023·全国·统考高考真题）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.28．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.29．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent30．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．D【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。28．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。D（2023春·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.ChatGPT,aswellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,ismoredisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample.Ifyouwantitto,theAI-poweredchatbotalwaysproducessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,itlackstheconsciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.Itjustrestateswhathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifferencebetweenabullshitter(胡说八道的人)andaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthisbutdecidestotaketheoppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarcusappliesthisdistinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhen“thepriceofbullshitreacheszeroandpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthatplentifully”.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweightdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.Thisiswhytheso-calledAIQiscritical.ItisactuallyanextensionandameasurementofourhumanIQ:ouroverallknowledgeofAItools,ourmasteryofclues,andourethicalawareness.ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.32．WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPT?A．Ithelpsgenerateanartificialvoice.B．Itprovidesinstructionsonwritingskills.C．Itgeneratesnaturallanguageresponses.D．Itoffersaserviceforlanguagelearning.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disruptive”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Evil.B．Reliable.C．Profitable.D．Revolutionary.34．WhydoestheauthorconsiderChatGPTasabullshitgenerator?A．Itmakesupliesconstantly.B．Itcan’ttellrightfromwrong.C．Itoftenmakesunfairjudgement.D．Italwaystakesaneutralstandpoint.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChatGPTMakesUsHumanB．ChatGPTIsCausingPanicNowC．ChatGPT:TreatItLikeaToy,NotaToolD．ChatGPT:WhyItIsBoundtoGenerateBullshit【答案】32．C33．D34．B35．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了人类的创造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT无法匹敌的，正在这些独有的人类品质将我们与人工智能区分开来，让人类更加欣赏自己。32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.(hatGPT是一种新的人工智能系统，它在对话中听起来非常像人类，它甚至可以主持自己的广播节目)”可知，ChatGPT可以与人聊天，进行非常自然的语言应答。故选C项。33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.(有些人将ChatGPT的出现与iPhone的影响相提并论，但这并不公平)”可知，对于有人将ChatGPT与iPhone相提并论，作者并不赞同。结合划线词前“more”可推知，作者认为ChatGPT比iPhone更具有创新性和颠覆性，所以划线词与revolutionary意思相近，意为“革命性的，颠覆性的”。故选D项。34．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweightdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.(不幸的是，ChatGPT会从任何输入源中复制错误信息——它不是一个试图平衡或权衡不同观点的智能系统。从这个意义上说，ChatGPT所写的一切都是胡扯)”可知，ChatGPT只是复制信息，不能辨别信息的真伪，所以作者认为它是一个胡扯生成器。故选B项。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.(然而，这并不一定意味着世界末日就要来了。相反，我认为ChatGPT可能会让我们更多地意识到我们不可替代的人类品质)”和最后一段中“ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.(ChatGPT会改变一切，也不会改变什么。创造力、想象力和道德——这些都将是人类独有的领域。正是人工智能的局限性会让人类更加欣赏人类自己)”可知，本文论证了人类的创造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT无法匹敌的，正在这些独有的人类品质将我们与人工智能区分开来。ChatGPT无法战胜人类，相反，正是ChatGPT之类的人工智能让我们认识到人类的独特，让人类更加欣赏自己。故“ChatGPTMakesUsHuman(ChatGPT让人性的光辉更加辉煌)”是最佳标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考一模）Peoplesaywatercanimprovehealthandmemory.Butnowsomeexpertssaythattothinkdrinkingwaterequalshealthistakingthingstoofarandthathydration(水合作用）isaboutthebalancebetweenelectrolytes(电解质)likesodiumandthewaterinyourbody.Then.howmuchwaterdoyouneedtodrink?Manysayyoushoulddrinkeight8-ounceglassesofwateraday.Notso,someexpertssay.36