考研英语阅读模拟176

［模拟］考研英语阅读模拟176

多项选择

Thehealingpowerofmaggotsisnotnew.Humanbeingshavediscovered

itseveraltimes.TheMayaaresaidtohaveusedmaggotsfortherapeutic

purposesathousandyearsago.Asearlyasthesixteenthcentury,European

doctorsnoticedthatsoldierswithmaggot-infestedwoundshealedwell.

Morerecently,doctorshaverealizedthatmaggotscanbecheaperandmore

effectivethan

Line(5)drugsinsomerespects,andthesesquirminglarvaehave,at

times,enjoyedaquietmedicalrenaissance.Theproblemmayhavemoreto

dowiththeweakstomachsofthoseusingthemthanwithgoodscience.The

modernheydeyofmaggottherapybeganduringWorldWarI,whenanAmerican

doctornamedWilliamBaerwasshockedtonoticethattwosoldierswhohad

lainonabattlefieldforaweekwhiletheirabdominalwoundsbecame

infestedwiththousandsofmaggots,had

Line(10)recoveredbetterthanwoundedmentreatedinthemilitary

hospital.Afterthewar,Baerprovedtothemedicalestablishmentthat

maggotscouldcuresomeofthetoughestinfections.

Inthe1930shundredsofhospitalsusedmaggottherapy.Maggot

therapyrequirestherightkindoflarvae.Onlythemaggotsofblowflies

(afamilythatincludescommonbluebottlesandgreen-bottles)willdothe

job；theydevourdeadtissue,whetherinanopenwoundorinacorpse.

Some

Line(15)othermaggots,ontheotherhand,suchasthoseofthe

screw-wormeatlivetissue.Theymustbeavoided.Whenblowflyeggshatch

inapatient'swound,themaggotseatthedeadfleshwhere

gangrene-causingbacteriathrive.Theyalsoexcretecompoundsthatare

lethaltobacteriatheydon'thappentoswallow.Meanwhile,theyignore

liveflesh,andinfact,giveitagentlegrowth-stimulatingmassage

simplybycrawlingoverit.Whentheymetamorphoseintoflies,theyleave

without

Line(20)atrace-althoughintheprocess,theymightupsetthe

hospitalstaffastheysquirmaroundinalivepatient.Whensulfadrugs,

thefirstantibiotics,emergedaroundthetimeofWorldWarII,maggot

therapyquicklyfadedintoobscurity.

a

第i题：

Whydidtheauthorwritethepassage?

i

A.becauseoftheresistancetousingthebenefitsofmaggots

B.todemonstratetheimportantcontributionofWilliamBaer

C.tooutlinethehealingpowerofmaggots

D.toexplaintreatmentusedbeforethefirstantibiotics

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第2题：

Theword“renaissance“inline6isclosestinmeaningto

A.revival

B.resistance

C.support

D.condemnation

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第3题：

Accordingtothepassage,WilliamBayerwasshockedbecause

A.twosoldiershadlainonthebattlefieldforaweek

B.themedicalestablishmentrefusedtoaccepthisfindings

C.thesoldiersabdominalwoundshadbecomeinfestedwithmaggots

D.thesoldiershadrecoveredbetterthanthoseinamilitaryhospital

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第4题：

Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.sulfadrugshavebeendevelopedfrommaggots

B.maggotsonlyeatdeadtissue

C.bluebottlesandgreenbottlesproducemaggots

D.blowflymaggotsonlyeatdeadtissue

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第5题：

Theword“devour”inline14isclosestinmeaningto

2

A.chew

B.clean

C.change

D.consume

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第6题：

Theword“thrive“inline17isclosestinmeaningto

A.prosper

B.eat

C.move

D.grow

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第7题：

Theword“metamorphose”inline19isclosestinmeaningto

A.disappear

B.grow

C.change

D.move

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第8题：

Theseconduseoftheword"they"inline20refersto

A.flies

B.maggots

C.gangrene-causingbacteria

D.livepatients

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第9题：

AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

3

A.maggotscomefromeggs

B.maggotseatbacteria

C.maggotsarelarvae

D.WilliamBayerdiscoveredanewtypeofmaggot

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第10题:

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmaggots?

A.modernsciencemightbeabletodevelopnewdrugsfrommaggotsthat

wouldfightinfection

B.maggottherapywouldhavebeenmorepopularifantibioticshadnot

beendiscovered

C.WilliamBaerlaterchangedhismindaboutthevalueofusingmaggot

therapy

D.sulfadrugsweredevelopedfrommaggots

参考答案：B

答案解析：

Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesborn

forevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheage

ofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.

Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,bybabies

survivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,

therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyare

searchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselection

hasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlya

boybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortoo

heavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.

Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolution

hasgone.

Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,

buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Except

insomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadays

thenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostof

ushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetween

peopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofit

havediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealth

forafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.

Thegrandmediocrityoftoday一everyonebeingthesameinsurvivaland

4

numberofoffspring-meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofits

powerinupper-middleclassIndiacomparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover；thebiologicalUtopia

hasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Noother

speciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000years一

eventhepast100years一ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodies

havenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.

Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theyulook

atanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwholly

beyondhiscomprehension."Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturyway

oflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.Buthoweveramazedour

descendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjust

likeus.

maturity［n.］成熟

mortality［n.］必死性；死亡数；死亡率

evolutionary［a.］发展的；进化的

suicide［n.］自杀

mediocrity［n.］平庸；平庸之人

Utopia［nJ乌托邦

organic［a.］有机的

descendant［n.］子孙；后裔

［听力原文］

作为男人总是充满危险的。出生时男女比例大约为105:100,但是到了成熟期，

这种比例的下降几乎达到了平衡，在七十岁的老年人中，女性比男性多了一倍。

但是男性的死亡率高这一特点正在明显地改变。现在，男婴的存活率同女婴的一

样高。这意味着在男孩到了寻找伴侣的关键年月，将第一次出现男孩过剩现象。

更重要的是，又一个自然选择的机会被取消了。五十年前，婴儿（特别是男婴）

生存下来的机会取决于其自身的重量。轻一公斤或重一公斤几乎就意味着其必死

无疑。今天，重量几乎不再起作用。因为许多差别是由基因引起的，所以又一个

进化因素消失了。

消除进化因素还有另一种方法，那就是保持存活，少生孩子。现在，几乎

没有几个人像过去那样生殖力旺盛。除了一些宗教社区外，没有几个妇女能生

15个孩子。现在，所生孩子的数目如同死亡年龄一样，人人相差无几。我们大

多数人的子女几乎一样多。人与人之间的差别以及利用差别进行自然选择的机会

越来越小。印度则能说明正在发生的一切。这个国家（印度）给大城市的一部分人

提供财富，而给其余各部落民族以贫困。当今众多的普通人，每个人的生存机会

和子女数量都相同。这意味着：与部落相比，自然选择在印度的中上阶层已失去

80%的作用。

对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束；已经达到了生物的理想境界。令人

5

奇怪的是，这种进化几乎没有涉及到身体的变化。没有别的物种占据大自然中如

此多的地方。但在过去的十万年中，甚至一百年中，我们的生活发生了巨大的变

化，但我们的身体却没改变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们改变了生活。

达尔文有一句话描述了那些对进化无知的人：那些无知的人“看有机的生命如同

野人看一条船，即看某种完全无法理解的东西”。毫无疑问，我们会记住20世

纪的生活方式，虽然其丑态万千难以让人理解。但是，不论我们的后代多么惊讶

于我们距理想状态的遥远，但他们的长相将和我们一样。

雄心壮志若能正确看待，那么，它所带来的回报一一财富，荣誉，对命运的主宰

一定被认为值得为之做出牺牲。雄心壮志的传统若是激发活力，那么，人们

就应当广泛地拥有这种传统；尤其那些自身受人羡慕之士更应给予高度重视。当

然，受过良好教育的人也同样包括在内。然而，正是那些受过良好教育的人却奇

怪地声称，他们已经放弃把雄心壮志当作理想。但奇怪的是他们已从雄心壮志中

大获裨益一一如果不是自己的雄心壮志，就是他们父母的和祖父母的。这之中有

很浓的虚伪色彩，就像马跑后再关上马厩的门一样一一而受过良好教育的人正骑

在那些骏马上。

当然，现在人们对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比以前减弱。避暑别墅、

欧洲旅行和德国宝马汽车一一它们的位置、地点和商标可能改变，但对这些东西

的需求似乎没比一二十年前减少。所发生的情况只是人们不能像以前那样轻松

地、公开地完全坦白自己的理想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、好索取、庸俗。

相反，我们现在看到了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在

南埃姆普敦拥有避暑别墅；激进的出版商到三星级宾馆就餐；鼓吹分享民主制的

新闻记者把自己的孩子送入私立学校。对于这样的人，还有很多毫无例外的其他

人来说，正确的诠释为“不惜任何代价获得成功，但避免被认为是野心勃勃。”

对雄心壮志的攻击是很多的，并且出于不同的角度；它的公开捍卫者虽然

并非特别没有吸引力，但人数很少，并未给人们留下多深的印象。因此，人们不

再像美国以前那样赞成雄心壮志是一种健康冲动-----种应该受人羡慕并在年

轻人心中确立下来的品质。但这并不意味着雄心壮志已到了尽头或人们不再感觉

到它对人们的激荡，只是，人们不再公开地引以为荣，更不愿公开地坦白了。当

然，这就产生了不良后果，其中一些就是雄心壮志被赶到了地下，或者暗藏心中。

因此，情况就成了这样：左边是气愤的批评家，右边是愚笨的支持者，而中间通

常是大多数认真而努力追求成功的人。

第11题：

Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Alackofmates.

B.Afiercecompetition.

C.Alowersurvivalrate.

D.Adefectivegene.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

解题思路：注意信号词"thedangerinbeingaman"和"thefirstparagraph”。

同时也要注意对比处，对比部分也会起到暗示作用。

第12题:

6

WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

A.Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

B.Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

C.Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

D.Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第13题：

Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

A.lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

B.thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

C.ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

D.thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第14题：

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

B.WaysofContinuingMan，sEvolution.

C.TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

D.HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition一wealth,

distinction,controloverone'sdestiny一mustbedeemedworthyofthe

sacrificesmadeonambition，sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbewidelyshared；anditespeciallymustbehighly

regardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleast

amongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimed

tohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhave

perhapsmostbenefitedfromambition一ifnotalwaystheirownthenthat

oftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyin

this,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped-

withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessandits

7

signsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs一The

locations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonot

seemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappened

isthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenly

asoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.

Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmore

thaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwith

aSouthamptonsummerhome；thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshis

mealsinthree-starrestaurants；thejournalistadvocatingparticipatory

democracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivate

schools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,the

properformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearing

ambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles；

itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenot

extremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthy

impulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,is

probablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnot

meanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirrings

andpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenly

professed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhichare

thatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,istheway

thingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,

andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtoget

oninlife.

distinction[n.]荣誉；盛名；特征；卓越；高贵

hypocrisy[n.]伪装，虚伪

confess[v.]供认，坦白

pushing[a.]有进取心的;有冲劲的；爱出风头的

stirring[a.]激动的

professed[a.]公开表示的,公开声称的

sly[a.]狡猾的；诡秘的；偷偷摸摸的

participatory[a.]提供参加机会的，供人分享的

a

第15题:

Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices.

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower.

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial.

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous.

8

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第16题:

Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit

is.

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords.

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout.

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal.

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

解题思路：这句话字面意思为受过教育者自己骑着马跑了后才把马厩门关上。在

此喻指，实现了理想后就否认自己有抱负，显然是虚伪之举。

第17题：

Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

A.theythinkofitasimmoral.

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth.

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits.

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第18题：

Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshould

bemaintained.

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

参考答案：B

答案解析：

Thewordphotography,whichisderivedfromtheGreekwordsforlight

andwriting,wasfirstusedbyHerschelin1839,theyeartheinvention

ofthephotographicprocesswasmadepublic.Duringthepreviousdecades,

perhapsasmanyastenindividualshadtriedtomakeaphotograph.Atleast

9

fourweresuccessful:Niepce,.Daguerre,andBayardinFrance,andTalbot

inEngland.Each

Line(5)ofthememployedtwoscientifictechniquesthathadbeenknown

forsometimebuthadneverbeforebeensuccessfullycombined.Thefirst

wasoptical.Sincethe16thcenturyartistsandscientistshadmadeuse

ofthefactthatlightpassingthroughasmallholeinonewallofadark

room,(or“cameraobscura"),projectsaninvertedimageontheopposite

wall.Theholewassoonreplacedwithalens,whichmadetheimagebrighter

andsharper.Bythe18thcenturytheroomhadbeenreplacedLine(10)by

aportablebox,whichartistsusedasasketchingaid.

Thesecondtechniquewaschemical.In1727,Schulzehad

discoveredthatcertainchemicals,especiallysilverhalides,turndark

whenexposedtolight.Thefirstattempttousesuchchemicalstorecord

theimageofthe“cameraobscura”wasmade,unsuccessfully,byWedgewood

about1800.Daguerre，sinvention,whichwasboughtbytheFrench

Governmentandmadepublicin

Line(15)1839,producedaone-of-a-kindpictureonmetal,the

Daguerreotype.Theworldimmediatelybeganaloveaffairwiththe

Daguerreotype,especiallyinAmerica,wherefascinationwiththesilver

platelastednearly20years.

Incontrast,Talbot，sinvention(1840),theCalotype,produced

anegativepictureonpaper；thelightsoftheimagewererecordedasdarks,

thedarksaslights.Apositivewasmadeonanother

Line(20)sheetofchemicallysensitizedpaper,andexposedtolight

throughthenegative.Becauseaninfinitenumberofpositivescouldbe

madefromasinglenegative,Talbot，sinventionandrefinementsofitsoon

predominated.Itwasapicturecreatedbynaturealone,freefromthe

inevitabledistortionsofhandmaderepresentations,andbecamethemost

powerfultoolofcommunicationsincetheinventionoftheprintingpress.

Tosome,photographyexcludedthepersonalinterventionthatwasthestamp

Line(25)ofart；toothers,photography，spotentialsignaledthedemise

ofpainting.Neitherviewprevailed

第19题：

Theword"derived”inline1isclosestinmeaningto

A.distorted

B.obtained

C.added

D.found

参考答案：B

io

答案解析:

第20题：

Theword“combined“inline6isclosestinmeaningto

A.blended

B.used

C.tried

D.worked

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第21题：

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheopticaltechnique?

A.itusesasmallholetomakeanimagedarkerandsharper

B.itmakesatrueimagethroughasmallhole

C.itdisplaysanupside-downimageontheoppositewall

D.itvariesaccordingtothesizeofthehole

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第22题：

TheauthorsuggeststhatDaguerre'sinventionhadanimpactbecause

A.theFrenchGovernmentboughtit

B.itproducedanindividualpicture

C.itwasverypopularinAmerica

D.itreplaceduseofadarkroom

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第23题:

Thephrase“beganaloveaffair”inline16isclosestinmeaningto

A.wroteletters

B.appreciated

C.enjoyed

D.embraced

参考答案：D

11

答案解析:

第24题：

Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenstatinginline16_17that”・・・fascination

withthesilverplatelastednearly20years”?

A.tointroducethatphotographsonplatesbecamepopularforalmost

20years

B.becauseeachDaguerreotypepicturelastedforupto20years

C.toexplainthatDaguerreotypepictureswereconsideredveryunique

andappealingfornearly20years

D.toemphasizethatsilverplatewasapopularmethodinphotography

foralmost20years

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第25题：

IntheCalotypeprocess,uapositive”（linel9）wasproduced,whichprovided

A.Asimilareffecttothenegativeinlightanddarkcolors

B.ameanstomassproducenegatives

C.fewwaystobecreative

D.analternativetoDaguerreotypesthatsoonbecamemorepopular

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第26题：

Theword“it"inline22refersto

A.theCalotypeanditssuccessors

B.Talbot，sinvention

C.handmaderepresentations

D.handpaintedpicturesofnature

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第27题：

Theword“prevailed”inline25isclosestinmeaningto

A.constant

B.predominant

12

C.preclude

D.continue

参考答案：B

答案解析：

Nooneknowswhenthefirstcalendarwasdeveloped.Butitseems

possiblethatitwasbasedonlunarmonths.Whenpeoplestartedfarming,

thesagesofthetribesbecameveryimportant.Theystudiedtheskyand

gatheredenoughinformationtobeabletopredictwhentheseasonswould

change,andwereabletoannouncewhenitwastimetoplantcrops.

Line(5)Thedivisionsoftimeweusetodayweredevelopedinancient

Babylonia4,000yearsago.Babylonianastronomersbelievedthesunmoved

aroundtheEarthevery365days.Theydividedthetripinto12equalparts,

eachwith30days.Thentheydividedeachdayinto24equalparts,orhours,

anddividedeachhourinto60minutes,eachminuteinto60seconds.

Humanshaveusedmanydevicestomeasuretime,andthesundial

wasoneoftheearliestand

Line(10)simplest.However,thesundialworkedwellonlywhenthe

weatherwasfine,sootherwaysofmeasuringthepassingoftimewere

invented.Onedevicewasthehourglass.Bytheeighteenthcentury,people

haddevelopedmechanicalclocksandwatches.Sowehavedevicestomark

thepassingoftime,butwhattimeisitnow?Clocksindifferentparts

oftheworlddonotshowthesametimeatthesametime,becausetimeon

Earthissetbythesun，spositionintheskyaboveus.

Line(15)Asinternationalcommunicationsandtravelgrew,itbecame

clearthatawaytoestablishacommontimeforallpartsoftheworld

wasneeded.In1884,aninternationalconferencedividedtheworldinto

24timezones,eachzonerepresentsonehour.Theastronomicalobservatory-

inGreenwich,England,waschosenasthestartingpointforthetimezones.

TwelvezonesarewestofGreenwich.Twelveareeast.ThetimeatGreenwich

measuredbythesunisconsideredbyastronomerstobe

Line(20)UniversalTime,alsoknownasGreenwichMeanTime.

第2□8题：

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.whywemeasuretimethewaywedo

B.waysofmeasuringtime

C.thedevelopmentofuniversaltime

D.howtimeismeasured

13

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第29题：

Theword“predict”inline3isclosestinmeaningto

A.plan

B.say

C.study

D.guess

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第30题:

Theword“announce”inline4isclosestinmeaningto

A.decide

B.watch

C.develop

D.proclaim

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第31题:

TheauthormentionsBabylonianAstronomersinline6toshow

A.theearliestwaysofmeasuringtime

B.thattheywerewrongaboutthesun，smovements

C.theoriginofourtimemeasurements

D.thattherehasbeennochangeintimemeasurementsfor4,000years

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第32题：

TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingwaystomeasuretimeEXCEPT

A.sundial

B.electricclock

C.hourglass

D.mechanicalclock

14

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第33题:

Theauthormentionsthehourglassinthethirdparagraphasanexample

of

A.awayofmeasuringtimethatisnotdependentuponthesun

B.thelimitsofsometimemeasurements

C.anearlyportablemeasureoftime

D.thestandardtimemeasurementbeforemechanicalclocks

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第34题：

Theword“device”inline11isclosestinmeaningto

A.item

B.development

C.timepiece

D.means

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第35题：

Accordingtothepassage,GreenwichMeanTime

A.isthe12thof24timezones

B.iscalculatedfromthesun

C.wasnamedwhenchosenataninternationalconferencebecauseofits

strategiclocationintheworld

D.providesthesametimeforalloftheworld

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第36题：

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikely

toagree?

A.theancientBabyloniansused12asabasicdivisionoftimebecause

15

theybelievedthesunmovedaroundtheEarth

B.ifwerevisethewaywemeasuretime,weshoulduseadivisionof

10ratherthan12

C.waysofmeasuringtimehavechangedinresponsetohumanneedand

technologicaldevelopment

D.UniversalTimeissonamedbecauseitcanbeapplicablethroughout

theuniverse

参考答案：C

答案解析：

ItissaidthatGeorgeWashingtonwasoneofthefirsttorealizehow

importantthebuildingofcanalswouldbetothenation'sdevelopment.

Infact,beforehebecamepresident,heheadedthefirstcompanyinthe

UnitedStatestobuildacanalthatwastoconnecttheOhioandPotomac

Rivers.Itwasnevercompleted,butitshowedthenationthefeasibility

ofcanals.Asthecountryexpandedwestward,settlersinwesternNewYork,

Pennsylvania,andOhioneededameanstoshipgoods.Canalslinking

naturalwaterwaysseemedtoofferaneffectivesolution.

In1791,engineerscommissionedbythestateofNewYork

investigatedthepossibilityofacanalbetweenAlbanyontheHudsonRiver

andBuffaloonLakeErie,whichwouldlinktheGreatLakesareawiththe

Atlanticseacoast.Itwouldavoidthemountainsthatservedasabarrier

tocanalsfromtheDelawareandPotomacrivers.

Thefirstattempttodigthecanal,tobecalledtheErieCanal,

wasmadebyprivatecompanies,butonlyacomparativelysmallportionwas

builtbeforetheprojectwashaltedforlackoffunds.Thecostofthe

projectwasanestimatedfivemilliondollars,anenormousamountfor

thosedays.Therewassomeon-again,off-againfederalfunding,butthe

Warof1812putanendtothis.In1817,DeWittClintonwaselectedgovernor

ofNewYorkandpersuadedthestatetofinanceandbuildtheCanal.It

wascompletedin1825,costingtwomilliondollarsmorethanexpected.

Thecanalrapidlyliveduptoitssponsor，sfaith,quickly

payingforitselfthroughtolls.Itwasfarmoreeconomicalthananyother

formoftransportationatthetime.ItpermittedtradebetweentheGreat

LakeregionandEastCoast,robbingtheMississippiRiverofmuchofits

traffic.ItallowedNewYorktosupplantBoston,Philadelphia,andother

easterncitiesasthechiefcenterof