高三英语学法指导与基础训练(一)

高三英语学法指导与基础训练（一）

一、谈谈阅读理解

阅读是高考的重点和难点。阅读理解在高考试卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空题（有人

称之为缺词阅读）30分，那就是70分，占了将近总分的一半。高考之所以重视阅读理解，是因

为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力，它是获取更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段。阅读能

力也是做好其他题型，如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的基本因素。阅读理解的考核是

在语篇中进行的，也易于考查观察、判断、推理与综合的能力。

阅读理解题一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、议论文和应用文（如广告、

产品说明、电报等）o五篇文章加上所问问题，总单词量在2000个左右，要求在35分钟内完成。

阅读速度平均为每分钟60个词。

做好阅读理解题的必备条件：

1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。

2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。

3、能灵活运动所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关

联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。

4、有良好的思维能力。会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，

准确理解表面意思和深层含义。

5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。

6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感。

7、对英美文化有一定了解。

在准备阅读理解测试时，要明确阅读的能力是靠大量阅读的实践练出来的。有志于提高阅读

水平的同学，应该每天坚持读三四篇文章，日积月累，才能逐步提高阅读水平。读的时候要注意

精读与泛读相结合。精读的文章力求弄懂每一句话，每一个词，必要时要请教老师，翻查词典。

泛读的文章，一般是难度较小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些词甚至句子不懂也没关系，尽量

不查词典，这样可以保证一定的速度和量。泛读对培养语感，提高速度有很大好处。可惜有同学

不重视泛读，以为阅读就是逐字读，这其实是片面的。

二、练习与解析

In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whenthe

explores（探险者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.

Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople"expressed

theirsurprise.“Why,"theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'tevenuseyourinner

space?H

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthe

moon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthat

the“moonpeople**askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriously

thinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insome

cities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The

HChunner\atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan*sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkof

undergroundsystems,called“AliceCities."Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparks

andusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome(太阳能穹顶)would

coverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagood

waytousetheearth*sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,and

wilderness.H.G.Wells,umoonpeople"wouldagree.Wouldyou?

1.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells^toryweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople”

A.knewsomuchabouttheearth

B.understoodtheirlanguage

C.liveinsomanyundergroundcities

D.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"(Paragraph2)referto?

A.Discoveringthemoon'sinnerspace.

B.UsingtheearthJsinnerspace.

C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.

D.Travelingtoouterspace.

3.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?

A.Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.

B.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.

C.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.

D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities-citiesofthefuture

B.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.Enjoylivingunderground

D.Buildingdown,notup

l.C2.B3.B4.D

1.解答本题时，可从开头段中theexplorers登上月球后的发现找出线索:.theydiscovered

thatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities,也就是本题题干与选项C结合而成的说法：The

explorers...tofindthattheMmoonpeople”livedinsomanyundergroundcities©

2.注意此句重心在后，强调的是：…youdon'tevenuseyourinnerspace,也即选项B所说

的Usingtheearth'sinnerspaceo

3.通过跳读迅速将探索范围缩小到第3段其主题句即为Undergroundsystemsarealreadyin

place,然后列出这些systems的名称：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnelo

4.短文开头explorers与moonpeople之间的对话中即已点明useinnerspace,也就是build

down这一主题；结尾段中则更为明确地将全文主题(undergrounddevelopment)解释为building

downratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearthsspace,,由此可以确定本题答案为Do

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LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGold

prefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwill

spendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,nGoldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(农药),andyouare

generallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)

grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintothe

organictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheir

organicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyarethey

willingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuy

organicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganic

foodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.

AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported（进口）tomeetgrowing

demand."Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast

growingmarket,nsaidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

1.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause.

A.theyaregettingricher

B.theycangetthefoodanywhere

C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution

D.theylikehome-grownfruit

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesold

inBritain?

A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.

B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.

C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.

D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.

3.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?

B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain

C.Organicfood—toimportornot?

D.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood

l.C2.B3.A4.A

1.Gold的话代表了英国消费者的认识，"…Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是：ihey

considerthefoodfreeofpollution.

2.短文中与MostorganicproducesoldinBritain产地相关的内容，排除干扰选项，选定最佳

答案。

3.本题四个选项中均包含organicfood(与主题相关，错误选项因而会构成干扰)，但从所

在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主语是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers,越来越多的人开始

购买这种食品，当然意味着(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfood©选项A表

达的正是这样一种形势，应为最佳答案。

4.Organicfood-healthy(虽与人们所知有些出入，但大体如此)；orjustforthewealthy?

短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce,与此相符。

(3)

THEATRE

CityVarieties

TheHeadrow,Leeds.Tel.430808

Oct10-11onlyAnightattheVarieties.AllthefunofanoldmusichallwithBarryGryer,

DuggleBrown,6dancers,Mystina,JonBarker,AnneDuvalandtheTonyHarrisonTrio.Laughagain

attheoldjokesandlistentoyourfavouritesongs.

Performances:8pmnightly.

Admission:£5；under16orover60:£4.

YorkTheatreRoyal

StLeonard'sPlace,York.TeL223568

Sept23-Oct17GropingforWords-acomedybySueTownsend.Bestknownforher

AdrianMoleDiaries,Townsendnowwritesaboutaneveningclasswhichtwomenandawoman

attend.Agentlecomedy.

Admission:Firstnight,Mon:£2；Tues-Fri:£3.25-5.50；Sat:£3.50-5.75

HalifaxPlayhouse

KingsCrossStreet,Halifax.Tel365998

Oct10-17OnGoldenPondbyErnestThompson.Thisisamagicalcomedyaboutrealpeople.

Abeautifullyproduced,well-actedplayforeveryone.Don'tmissit.

Performances:7:30pm.

Admission:£2.Mon:2seatsforthepriceofone.

GrandTheatre

OxfordStreet,Leeds.Tel.502116

RestaurantandCafe.

Oct1-17TheSecretDiaryofAdrianMole,Aged13.SueTownsend'smusicalplay,basedon

herbest-sellingbook.

Performances:Evenings7:45.October10-17,at2:30pm.NoMondayperformances.

Admission:Tues-Thurs:£2-5；Fri&Sat:£2-6.

1.Whichtheatreoffersthecheapestseat?

A.HalifaxPlayhouse.B.CityVarieties.

C.GrandTheatre.D.YorkTheatreRoyal.

2.Ifyouwanttoseeaplaywitholdjokesandsongs,whichphonenumberwillyouringtobooka

seat?

A.502116B.223568C.365998D.430808

3.WemaylearnfromthetextthatSueTownsendis.

A.awriterB.anactressC.amusicianD.adirector

1.A2.D3.A

1.此处问及票价，涉及的关键词Admission很可能是生词，但完全可以凭借该词之后的£5；

under16orover60：£4等内容推断其含义为入场票价。HalifaxPlayhouse为:£2.Mon：2seats

forthepriceofone,应为最低价格。

2.通过跳读可以很快找到，本段开头第二行有：TeL403808；本题答案已明，应该选Do

3.SureTownsend首先出现在第二段里:acomedybySueTownsend....Townsendnowwrites

about...;这一人名还出现在最后一段里：SureTownsend'smusicalplay,basedonherbest-selling

booko这样一些关于上演剧目的背景交待足以说明SueTownsend的身份，应该是writer。

高三英语学法指导与基础训练（二）

如何解答阅读理解中的问题

在准备阅读理解测试时，要对经常出现的问题进行总结。高考中的阅读理解问题，主要涉及

文章中的知识细节，概括中心意思，猜测陌生词语的意思和推理判断。测试问题方式采用多项选

择题型，每题给出四个备选答案，要求从中选出一个最佳答案。例如：

考查主题思想或段落大意

Thestorymainlytellsus.

Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.

推理判断测试题

Wecaninferfromthepassage.

Wecanconcludefromthepassage.

应对阅读理解测试时的注意事项

1.如有的文章带标题，应仔细看标题。标题是文章主题的高度概括，它可以给我们一些启

示和线索。

2.先快速浏览一下全文，大概了解一下这是记叙文还是科普文章，中文注释的单词是什么

意思，这一步要快。

3.仔细看原文，凡人物与数字或地名可用笔作个记号，没弄明白的地方也可划个线，以便

看完全文再重读。读时要注意弄明白句子的主谓结构，同时在大脑中加工所得到的信息。

4.看完文章，即可做题。要注意四个选项都看看，不要只看了一两个就作出判断。对有把

握的题在做完判断后就不要折回原文核对了。但对没有把握的题则应把相关的句或段重看一次。

5.判断词义词性时要注意结合上下文。人家考的是在特定的环境下的意思。

6.概括中心意思时，要注意不可离题太远，太笼统，但也不要只概括一段或几句的意思。

段落大意一般常与该段首句或尾句有关。

7.问及对某个问题的看法与态度，要记住是在问作者态度，而不是问你作为中国学生的想

法。

8.考查文章细节的问题一定要在原文中找到出处。

9.如时间够，还应复读全文，核对各题答案，完成未定之题。要注意各题的答案要逻辑一

致，不能自相矛盾。

练习与解析

（1）

Treasurehunts（寻宝）haveexcitedpeople'simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeand

inbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson'sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadthe

ideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（线索）foundinabookwhenhe

wroteachildren'sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcame

outWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofclues

tohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”，orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.

KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Although

hehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic

（逻辑），notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.

Hehadrealizedthatthewords:"OneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthe

hareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVllfssixwives.Evenhere,however,

Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimbolton

inCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendigging

thereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthis

childhoodnearAmpthill,inBedforshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplacehe

knewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecame

acrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1772.

Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.Itwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdigging

aroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.

Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth

£；3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.

1.Theunderlinedword“them”(paragraph1)refersto.

A.redherringsB.treasurehunts

C.HenryVllfssixwivesD.readersofMasquerade

2.WhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertsfindthehare?

A.TwostonecrossesinAmpthill.B.Stevenson'sTreasureIsland.

C.KatherineofAragon.D.Williams1hometown.

3.ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt.

A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773

B.toshowrespectfbrHenryVIII'sfirstwife

C.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillPark

D.toinformpeoplewherethegoldharewas

4.WhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts5logicinsearchingforthehare?

a.HenryVIITssixwives

b.Katherine'sburialplaceatKimbolton

c.Williams*childhoodinAmpthill

d.KatherineofAragon

e.stonecrossesinAmpthillPark

A.a-b-c-d-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.a-d-b-c-eD.b-a-e-c-d

5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.Anexcitinghistoricalevent.B.Amoderntreasurehunt.

C.TheattractionofMasquerade.D.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking.

l.D最重要的线索为them之前的动词mislead,由其语义可以断定，其后为“人”而非“物”，

答案为readers(of...)

2.C循序查找另外三个与故事相关的线索，体会本文作者描述幸运读者KenRoberts寻宝过

程时的语气变化:其中,第二段第3句为Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedan

importantclueatthestart…而后联系至『'OneofSixtoEight"也就是KatherineofAragono

3.BInherhonor是回答本题的关键信息，指的就是toshowrespectforHenryVllfsfirstwife

4.C首先比较A、B、C、D四个选项中排序的异同，确认开头两项为ab,db,还是ba。从

短文中确认a在前；缩小范围看第二步，比较b,d,应该是d；至此答案已明：a-d...

5.B通观全文，开头点题后，通篇在谈作家KitWVliams为其作品Masquerade设计了一项

寻宝的活动，读者KenRoberts如何追根溯源，获得成功。

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Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'lhavetobeahassle；itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBeth

Anaclerio,anEvasionmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.

“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,and

oftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn'thavetobethatway,“

saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa

2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket75Theirgoalistohelp

parentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,

whiletheytakecareofeverything.

Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated（制作）10ready-to-use,homeparty

packages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothe

homeinalargebasket.

“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,“andihey'reveryinteractive（互动）

andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppe

partytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.M

Thestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitations,gifts,

gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat

708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.

1.Themainpurposeofwritingthistextis.

A.toshareinformationaboutpartyplanning

B.tointroducethejoysofabirthdayparty

C.toannounceabusinessplan

D.tosellaservice

2.Themostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthat.

A.itbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogether

B.guestsplayapartinthepreparationofaparty

C.parentsaresparedthetroubleofsendinginvitations

D.itprovidesasubjectofconversation

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”（paragraph1）probablymean?

A.apartydesignedbyspecialists

B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyoftrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

l.D本题考查考生对作者写作意图的理解与判断能力。具体为对所读材料体裁的把握。短文

中有多处线索可以提示，尤其在结尾段里：Thestandard$200package（可谓“套餐’）for...

includes...Formoreinformation,call...at…既有服务内容,又有价格、联系电话,这样的口吻显

然是在sellaservice

（选项D）。

2.ATheirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,...；share在

此意为tohave（fun）togethero因此本项partyplanning服务的最重要意义在于bringparentsand

childrenclosertogethero

3.C开头也有havingapartyathome通常给人带来的辛苦:usuallyrequiresalotofrunning...

两下形成对照。hassle即为通常人们在举办party时会遇上的情况，也就是asituationcausing

difficultyortroubleo

高三英语学法指导与语法难点（六）

一、单项填空题的复习与应试

英语的基础知识主要是词汇和语法知识。英语高考的各个题型都渗透着对基础知识的检测，单

项填空是较为集中考查如何运用基础知识的题型之一。用考试大纲上的话来说就是”测试考生对

英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况”。简单表达形式要表达的内涵非常丰富，不仅

可考查习语，还可考查如省略、口语中的交际用语等，这就突出了对语言的交际能力的考查。

高考的单项填空共15个题，计15分。考察的四项要点是语法知识，词语辨析，口语交际和

惯用法。一个小题考查多项知识是很普遍的现象，而且有的题还设两空。高考单选以涉及动词的

题为主，辨析题常是短语动词的辨析。每年的题虽以基础题为多数，但总有个别怪题出现。做好

单选题的关键是仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后，上挂下连，首尾呼应。含

两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个。要根据平时做题经验，努力找出命题的意图。审题时要注

意情感分析，交际原则，不可死扣语法规则。

总复习时适量练习单选是对的，因为单选练好了对完型也有好处。但不可花过多时间。要以

练中低档题为主，偏难偏怪的题可不做，更不要仔细钻研，因为有的题是无理可讲的。要以记忆

句型为主，背句型好处甚多。同时努力记住错题，力争不让同一块石头第二次绊倒。平时练好动

词填空和提高观察分析能力也是意义重大的。

二、语法知识易错点

1.注意以下几组词组的区别。

1)forgettodo,forgetdoing

Don'tforgettoclosethedoorbeforeyouleave.

2)remembertodo,rememberdoing

Remembertohandinyourhomeworkafteryougettoschool.

3)regrettodo,regretdoing

Iregrettedtellinghimthenews.

4)meantodo,meandoing

Difficulthomeworkmeansstayinguplate.

5)stoptodo,stopdoing

Hestoppedreadingandtookarest.

6)trytodo,trydoing

Hetriedtohelpme,butfailed.

误:Iregrettellingyouthatyouarefired.

正:Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.

2.todo和doing做主语的区别。

doing表抽象和泛指的动作。

todo表具体的一次性行为。

Swimmingismyhobby.

3.引导时间状语从句的连词。

when,whenever,as,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,eversince,immediately,once,the

moment,thesecond,theinstant,directly.

误:Iwilltellhimthenewswhenimmediatelyhecomes.

正:Iwilltellhimthenewsimmediatelyhecomes.

4.引导地点状语从句的连词。

where,wherever。如：

Wherethereiswater,thereislife.

5.引导原因状语从句的连词。

because,as,since,nowthat,foro如：

Ididn*tgotoschool,forIwasill.

SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

AsIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

Ididn*tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.

Nowthatyouhavefinishedthework,youarefreetodowhatyoulike.

6.引导目的状语从句的连词。

sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase

误:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatshemisunderstandshim.

正:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatsheshouldmisunderstandhim.

7.引导结果状语从句的连词。

sothat,so...that...,such...that...

误：Igotupearly,sothatIcouldcatchthebus.

IE:Igotupearly,sothatIcaughtthebus.

误：ThereYesuchmanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

正:ThereYesomanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

8.引导条件状语从句的连词。

if,unless,aslongas,solongas,incase

Aslongasyouhelpme,Iwillhelpyou.

误：Iwon'tgothereifI'minvited.

正：Iwon'tgothereunlessI'minvited.

9.引导比较状语从句的连词。

as...as,notso/as...as,than

误:I'mastallerasheis.

正:I'mastallasheis.

10.引导让步状语从句的连词。

though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,

however,nomatterwho(what,which,when,where,how),whether.

误:Young/Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.

正：Young/Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot.

误:Don'tbelievenomatterwhathesays.

正:Don'tbelievewhateverhesays.

11.主语从句。

1）主语从句做主语，谓语动词单数。

Whoeverfounditshouldreturnittotheowner.

2）主语从句中的连词that不可省。

3）如果主语从句比较长，可以用it做形式主语。

Itmakeshersadthatherhairturnsgray.

误：Hewillcomeiscertain.

正：Thathewillcomeiscertain.

12.引导同位语从句的名词和连词。

名词有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,

fear等。连词有that,whether,并且that不可省。

注意以下两个句子。

Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.（同位语从句）

Thequestionheaskedmewaspuzzling.（定语从句）

误:Thenewshewonthegamemadeushappy.

正:Thenewsthathewonthegamemadeushappy.

13.主谓一致需注意以下方面。

1）Ateacherandwriteriswaitingforyououtside.

2）Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.（类似的还有：eachboyand

eachgirl,noboyandnogirl,manyaboyandmanyagirl）

3）由以下几个连词连接两个主语谓语动词看前面的主语。这些连词有：aswellas,nolessthan,

ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inaddition

to等。

TomaswellashisclassmatesisgoingtovisittheForbiddenCitytomorrow.

4）成双的名词前有apairof来修饰，谓语动词用单数。否则用复数。

Mytrousersareonthechair.

Apairoftrousersisonthechair.

5）%,分数，half,therest后面的谓语动词符合就近一致原则。

10%ofthestudentsarehard-working.

6）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

1milliondollarsisalargesumofmoney.

7）力口、减、乘、除运算做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Tenplustenistwenty.

8）集合名词如：family,team,crowd,class,audience,population,class等做主语，如果指整体，

用单数；如果指整体中的每个人，用复数。

9）oneandahalf后接复数名词，但是谓语动词用单数。

Oneandahalforangesisonthetable.

10）以下情况符合就近一致原则。如：therebe,either...or...,or,neither...nor...,whether...or...,

notonly...butalso...,not...but...

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinhispencil-box.

Therearetwopencilsandapeninhispencil-box.

误:TheclassiswatchingTVnow.

正:TheclassarewatchingTVnow.

误：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsiswaitingoutside.

正：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsarewaitingoutside.

高三英语学法指导与语法难点（七）

一、完型填空题的几点说明

完型填空是许多同学感到困惑的一个题型，其实明确了它的特点并认真训练是完全可以攻克

这一难关的。

完型填空是外语学习中一种综合练习或测试形式。在近些年高考的试卷中，完型填空被列为

一项考查考生综合运用所学词汇和语法知识能力的重要题型。

完型填空可以考查出学生阅读理解的能力如何.也可以看出他们写作技能的高低。同时又能

鉴定出在一定语境下考生对词汇和惯用法的掌握情况。当然，由于做完型填空经常要借助上下文

的内容进行推理判断，完型填空也是对思维能力的考核。

完型填空一般是一篇有一定情节的短文，文章长度约200词左右，挖空20个。空与空之间

一般间隔是9-10个词。备选答案主要是单个的词，以实词为主，主要是动词和名词。它有四项

考查重点，即缺词阅读、词语辨析、写作能力和逻辑分析。现在的完型是意思的考核代替了明显

的语法知识的考核，所给的四个备选答案几乎都不错，但其中只有一个是最佳的。

做完型填空练习时首先要粗读全文，了解大意。要细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，可

得到较多信息。第一遍做题时争取先填出有把握的空，哪怕仅三五个。第二遍做题则逐个解决，

只留下个别不会的题。注意后线索的现象，答案的提示不一定在前边。决定好答案后要注意它不

但应该在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。判断的依据可以是环境因素，同义词语，反义词语，动

作顺序，时间地点，连接词语及构词法知识。

完型填空水平的提高取决于阅读与写作水平的提高。要练好阅读中的跳读与掠读的技术。要

努力把英语句子写得通顺流畅。要重视动词名词中意义相近的同义词的辨析。还有就是学会逻辑

推理，分析概括。所以，练完型不要急于求成，它是和你的读写水平一起提高的。

二、语法知识易错点

1.全部倒装。

1）介词短语表方位提前,如:infrontof,inthedistance

Infrontofthelakeliesahouse.

2）做状语的副词置于句首，如:in,out,down,up,back,over,away,off以及here,there,now,

then等。但是主语为人称代词时不倒装。

Herecomesthebus.

Herehecomes.

误:Infrontofthehousedidasmallboysit.

正:Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.

2.部分倒装。

1）否定词放在句首。如:neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,notonly,seldom,little,rarely,

nowhere,bynomeans,notuntil等。

Notuntilmidnightdidhecomeback.

2）频率状语放在句首。如：often,always,once,manyatime,nowandagain,everyotherday,

everytwodays等。

Oftendidhetalkaboutit.

3）方式状语放在句首。如：thus,so.

Iwaslateforschoolandsowashe.

4）only+状语放在句首。

OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.

误：Onlycanyoudoit.

正:Onlyyoucandoit.

3.在定语从句中，先行词为物的情况下，以下几种情况只能用ihal不能用whicho

1）有序数词或最高级修饰；

It'sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.

2）先行词为不定代词；

ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.

3）先行词由不定代词修饰；

Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthetable.

4）先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast修饰；

ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.

5）先行词既有人又有物。

误:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichhehadvisited.

正:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

4.只能用which的情况有：

1)介词后面；

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.

2)，后面。

Ihaveabook,whichisveryinteresting.

误:ThisisthehouseinthatIstayed.

正:ThisisthehouseinwhichIstayed.

误:Iwaslateforschoolagain,thatmadetheteacherangry.

正:Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.

5.if条件句虚拟的构成。

IF条ftq加

(were)woiMfcould/mightfsboukido

haddonewoukVcoukVtnight/shouldhavedone

weretodo

<fid(were)muldfMuWmigkt/sbftuH&

dtoulddo

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotherealone.

Ifhehadstudiedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.

IfIshoulddo/weretodo/didit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.

误：Ifhetookouradvice,hewouldn'tbeintrouble.

正:Ifhehadtakenouradvice,hewouldn'thavebeenintrouble.

6.主语从句的虚拟。

1)Itis+adj.+thatsb.(should)do

常见的形容词有：necessary,important,strange,natural

It'simportantthathetakemyadvice.

2)Iti