职称英语理工类b级模拟48

职称英语理工类B级模拟48

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最

为接近的选项。

1>Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.

A.angerB.doubtC.loveD.

surprise

2、ThedocumentwascompiledbytheDepartmentofHealth.

A.writtenB.printedC.attachedD.

sent

3、He1sspentyearscultivatingaknowledgeofart.

A.sharingB.usingC.denyingD.

developing

4、We1veseenamarkedshiftinourapproachtothesocialissues.

A.clearB.regularC.quickD.

great

5、Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.

A.politeB.similarC.usualD

bad

6、Wecannolongerputupwithhisactions.

A.bearB,acceptC.supportD

oppose

7>Loudnoisescanbeirritating.

A.confusingB.interestingC.

stimulatingD.annoying

8、Thatplayeriseternallyarguingwiththereferee.

A.desperatelyB・constantlyC.eventuallyD

extensively

9、Thegovernorgavearathervagueoutlineofhistaxplan.

A.unclearB.firmC.shortD.

neat

10>GamblingislawfulinNevada.

A.popularB.boomingC.legalD.

profitable

11>Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?

A.lastlyB.finallyC.shortlyD

recently

12>Whilewedon11agree,wecontinuetobefriends.

A.whoeverB.whereC.AlthoughD.

Whatever

13、Enormoussumsofmoneyhavebeenspentonspaceexploration.

A.MuchB.LargeC.SmallD.Fixed

14、AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywithskincancer.

A.everyyearB.severelyC.activelyD.

everymonth

15>Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.

A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.

words

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句

提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信

息文中没有提及，请选择C。

NewProductWillSaveLives

Drinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs（虫子）,whichcan

causeillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatesting

methodinthreestageszwhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshows

ifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoit,todestroyanythingharmful.Itwas

inventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPatton,whostartedGenerafiveyearsago.

HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwater

company.

AndyHeadland,Genera1smarketingdirector,recentlypresentedthetest

ataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Genera

hasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42,500atimeintheU.K.andhasafurther

fouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.

ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheU.K.tobeapprovedbythegovernment.

GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfive

employees；itnowemploys14.Mr.Headlandbelievesthatthecompanyshould

makearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheU.K.alone.

16、GeneraTechnologieshasdevelopedamethodthatdetermineswhetherwater

isclean.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、BeforehesetupGenera,Dr.PartonhadworkedforaBritishwatercompany.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、ThenewproducthasbeenacommercialsuccessintheUSA.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Eachofthetestscosts$42,500.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、GeneraTechnologiesorders25moretestsbeforetheendoftheyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>TheBritishgovernmentishelpingDr.Partontosellthetestsabroad.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Generahasincreasedthenumberofitsemployeesrecently.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：⑴第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4段每

段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

Cloning（克隆）：FuturePerfect?

1.Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyone

cell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtoclonea

sheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay

1998,scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreateWTOidenticalcalves（牛

犊）usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully,but

thedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichard

Seedmadeasurprisingannouncement："Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahuman

beingwithinthenexttwoyearsz"hetoldtheworld.

2.Seed'sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattention,mostofitnegative.

InEurope,nineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghuman

cloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced：11Wewillbeintroducinga

lawtobananyhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassed

anti--cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.n

3.Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworried

thatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarch,

TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloning

humansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteof

attemptstobanitzhumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010because

itisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.

4.Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?

Thepublichasbeenbombarded（轰炸）withnewspaperarticles,televisionshows

andfilmszaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleading,and

makespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.

5.Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefound

awayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoose

thepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobe

acloneamonghundredsztheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolzanswerthe

pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.

A.StrongReactions

B.AnxietyabouttheFutureofCloning

C.TheRighttoChoose

D.WhatisCloning?

E.ArgumentsinFavorofCloning

F.ACommonSight

23、Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25、Paraqraph3

26、Paraqraph4

27、A.thenucleusofacell

B.clonedhumanbeings

C.ahumanbeingintwoyears

D.alawtobanhumancloning

E.areportonhumancloning

F.heavymediacoverage

RichardSeedclaimedtobeabletoclone.

28、RichardSeed1sannouncementreceived.

29、TheUnitedStateswillintroduce.

30、Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

弟m

Businesshasslowed,layoffsmountzbutexecutivepaycontinuestoroar-at

leastsofar.BusinessWeek1sannualsurveyfindsthatchiefexecutiveofficers

（CEOs）at365ofthelargestcompaniesgotcompensationlastyearaveraging

$3.1million-up1.3percentfrom1994.

Whyarethetopbossesgettinganestimated485timesthepayofatypical

factoryworker?Thatisupfrom475timesin1999andamere42timesin1980.

OnereasonmaybewhatexpertscalltheHLakeWobegoneffect".Corporateboards

tendtoreckonthat"allCEOsareaboveaverage"-aplayonGarrisonKeillor1s

famouslineinhispublicradioshow,APrairieHomeCompanion,thatallthe

town*schildrenare"aboveaverage".Consultantsprovideboardswithsurveys

ofcorporateCEOcompensation.Sincedirectorsarereluctanttoregardtheir

CEOsasbelowaverage,thecompensationcommitteesofboardstendtosetpay

atanabove-averagelevel.Theresult：paylevelsgetratcheted（一步步地增

力口）up.

DefendersoflavishCEOpayarguethereissuchastrongdemandfor

experiencedCEOsthatthefreemarketforcestheirpayup.Theyfurthermaintain

mostboardsstructurepaypackagestoreflectanexecutive*sperformance.

Theygetpaidmoreiftheircompaniesandtheirstockdowell.Socompanies

withhigh-paidCEOsgenerategreatwealthfortheirshareholders.

Butthesupposedcream-of-the-cropexecutivesdidsurprisinglypoorlyfor

theirshareholdersin1999zsaysScottKlinger,authorofthisreportbya

Boston-basedOrganizationUnitedforaFairEconomy.Ifaninvestorhadput

$10z000apieceattheendof1999intothestockofthosecompanieswiththe

10highest-paidCEOs,byyear-end2000theinvestmentwouldhaveshrunkto

1

$8,132.If$10z000hadbeenputintotheStandard&Poors500stocks,it

wouldhavebeenworth$9,090.ToMr.Klinger,thesefindingssuggestthat

thetheorythatoneperson,theCEO,isresponsibleforcreatingmostofa

corporation*svalueisdeadwrong."Ittakesmanyemployeestomakeacorporation

profitable.n

Withprofitsdown,corporateboardsmaymakemoreefforttotameexecutive

compensation.Andexecutivesaremakinggreatereffortstoavoidpaycuts.

SomeCEOs,seeingtheiroptions"underwater"orworthlessbecauseoffalling

stockprices,areseekingmorepayincashorinrestrictedstock.

31>Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.chiefexecutiveofficershavedismissedmanyworkerssincebusiness

slowed

B.businesshasslowedforexecutivepayincreasedtoomuch

C•payoftopbossescontinuestoincreasewhilemoreworkersareunemployed

D.payofbothCEOsandfactoryworkerscontinuetoincrease

32、Theauthormentioned"LakeWobegoneffect"inthesecondparagraphin

orderto_______.

A.explainwhyallCEOsareaboveaverage

B.showtheplaynamedAPrairieHomecompanion

C.describethetown1schildrenwhoareaboveaverage

D.suggestonepossiblereasonforwhyCEOsgethighpay

33>Accordingtothepassage,ScottKlingerthinks.

A.allchiefexecutiveofficersareaboveaverage

B.highexecutivepayreflectsexecutives1performance

C.theperformanceofhigh-paidexecutiveswasn1tsatisfying

D.theCEOshavecreatedmostofcorporations1value

34、Theexpression"cream-of-the-crop"inthefirstsentenceofparagraph

4mostprobablymeans_______.

A.creativeB.high-qualityC.deliciousD.

crisp

35>Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.StillHighinASlowdown,ExecutivePayDrawsLooks.

B.LayoffsMountWhileExecutivePayRoars.

C.TheStoryHappenedinLakeWobegon.

D.DefendersofLavishCEOPay.

弟一^扁

Genocide

Manypeoplefeelthathumanbeingsareresponsibleforthedisappearance

ofsomeotheranimalspecies.Whilewemayhavehastenedthedisappearance

ofsome,abundantevidencesuggestsmankindhashadlittleimpact.Biologists

pointoutthat50speciescanbeexpectedtodisappearinthetwentiethcentury

butalsoremindusthatabout50speciescanbeexpectedinthenineteenth

century,and50speciesineachofthecenturiesbeforethat.Dr.T.H.Jukes

attheUniversityofCaliforniahaspointedoutthatabout100millionanimal

specieshavebecomeextinctsincelifebeganonEarthabout3billionyears

ago.Thus,animalscomeandanimalsgoasanaturalconsequenceofsomething

Mr.Darwindiscovered.Thehumanraceisarecentnewcomertothescenezso

we*vehadnothingwhatsoevertodowiththedisappearanceofmillionsofspecies.

1

Infactzwhenitcomesrightdowntoitzwereamiserablefailureatgenocide

1

（种族灭绝）.Inspiteofanall-outcenturies-oldwaronratszwehaven1made

adentintheirnumberszmuchlessextinguishedasinglespecies.Andinspite

ofallourhightechnologywehaven11beensuccessfulineliminatingasingle

undesirableinsectspecies!

AfriendofmineownsmostoftheDouglasDC-7aircraftsleftintheworld.

Theymakeexcellentsprayplanesbecausetheycancarryalotofinsecticide

andflyforaverylongtimeovergreatdistances.Lastyear,hiscompany

sprayedmostofthewesternSaharaandtheSahelregionsofAfricatohold

downthelocustsandgrasshoppers.Thisyear,theenvironmentalistsputpressure

ontheU.N.tostopitbecausedieldrinandmalathionmightcauseanincrease

inthecancerriskofpeopleinthewesternSaharaandtheSahel.Asaresultz

thehoppersandlocustsarebackbythezillionsandthecropsarefailing.

ButthepeopleofWestAfricacertainlyaren*tgoingtoworryaboutdying

ofcancer；theyaredyingofstarvationinstead.

11vecometotheconclusionthatthepeoplewhoaretryingtosavethe

worldareprobablyquitesincereaboutitbuttheydon11knowmuchaboutscience

andcertainlynothingaboutsystemsengineering.

36、Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingevidenceprovesthathuman

beingsaren11responsibleforthedisappearanceofsomeotheranimalspecies?

A.Humanbeingshavehastenedthedisappearanceofsome.

B.Therewasmassextinctionlongbeforehumanity'stimeonEarth.

C.Humanbeings1activitieshavehadgreatimpactontheearth.

D.Manyspecieshaveextinctsincethehumanracecameintobeing.

37>Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase"madeadent

intheirnumbers"（Sentence2,para.2）?

A.Madeasmallhollowplaceinthesurface.

B.Madeupourmindtoperishthem.

C.Madeupforthedecreasednumbers.

D.Madetheirnumbersdecrease.

38、WhydoesthefamineinthewesternSaharaandtheSahelregionsofAfrica

takeplacethisyear?

A.Peoplearedyingofcancercausedbysprayedinsecticide.

B.Theinsecticidehaslittleeffectonthehoppersandlocusts.

C.Thenumberofthehoppersandlocustsaretoolargetocontrol.

D.TheU.N.forbadtheregionstousesprayedinsecticide.

39、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor.

A.isaradicalenvironmentalist

B.isanenvironmenta1pessimist

C.istryingtosavetheworldsincerely

D.knowssomethingaboutsystemsengineering

40、Intheeyesoftheauthor,environmenta1istsare.

A.sincereB.arrogantC.empty-headedD.

nOble-minded

第J-二篇

ContinuetoProtectorDestroyEcosystem

BiosphereIIwasaspectacularfailure.Thegleamingglass-and-concrete

habitatsprawlingacrossthedesertinOracle,Arizona,wassupposedtosupport

eighthuman"biospheriansnfortwoyears.Butthesealhastohebrokenbefore

theexperimentendedin1993.Oxygenhadfallentolevelsnormallyseenat

anelevationof17,500feet.Nitrousoxidehadrisentothepointwhereit

threatenedtocausebraindamage.Thefreshwatersupplybecamecontaminated,

andvinessmothered（厚厚地覆盖）foodplants.Insectpollinators（传授花粉的

生物）andmanyotherspeciesbecameextinct.Bytheend,BiosphereIIwasoverrun

withswarmsofantsandcockroaches.

ScientistswhogatheredrecentlytoreviewtheBiosphereIIexperiment

reachedadisturbingconclusion："Nooneyetknowshowtoengineersystems

thatprovidehumanswiththelife-supportingservicesthatnaturalecosystems

produceforfree.n

Theproblemisthattheseecosystemsareundergoingwrenchingchanges.

Waterandairquality,whileimprovinginsomeregionszaredeteriorating

inmanyothers.Carbondioxidelevelsintheatmospherearcclimbing.The

world*spopulationcouldreach10billionby2050.AndfamedHarvardbiologist

Edward0.WilsonsaysthecurrentrateofspecieslossesputsusHinthemidst

ofoneofthegreatextinctionspasms（突然进发）ofgeologicalhistory.nAll

ofwhichmakesmanyecologistswonderwhetherhumanstoowillsoonbecome

extinct.It*sanincrediblyimportantbutincrediblydifficultquestion.If

1

wecontinueonthiscoursezwereheadingforaworldinwhichwewillhave

toengineerserviceswe1vealwaysreceivedforfreefromnature.That1swhy

thefailureofBiosphereIIwassodisturbing：itprovesthatwedon*tyet

knowhowtodothat.

TheBiosphereIIexperiencedemonstratedthatmaintaininghumanlifeis

atrickyproposition-especiallyifwecannolongerrelyontheservicesprovided

bynaturalecosystems.Ifwearecurrentlylivingthroughamassextinction,

asWilsonbelieves,weshouldconsiderthepast.InthegreatPermianextinction

245millionyearsago,96percentofspeciesperished.Eventually,theEarth

wasrepopulatedwitharichcollectionofnewspecies,butittook100million

years."ThatshouldgivepausetoanyonewhobelievesthatwhatHomosapiens

（现代人）destroys,naturewillredeem,HWilsonsays."Maybeso,butnotwithin

anylengthoftimethathasmeaningforcontemporaryhumanity.n

41、ThesealoftheBiosphereIIhadtohebrokenbeforetheexperimentended

because_______.

A.thehadclimateofthedesertmadethehumanbiospheriansill

B.thepoisonousaircausedbraindamageofthehumanbiospherians

C.theecosystemsinitbecamesobadthatthehumanbiospherianscan11

live

D.thehumanbiospheriansweredefeatedbyswarmsofantsandcockroaches

42、Whatisthepurposeoftheexperimentmentionedinthispassage?

A.Toproposemeasurestoholdbackenvironmenta1deteriorating.

B.Topredictenvironmenta1deterioratingthatcancausevastdestruction.

C.Tolimitthedestructionthatenvironmenta1deterioratingmaycause.

D.Toseeifhumanscanengineersystemsprovidinglife-supporting

services.

43、Itisimpliedthatmanyecologists.

A.believetheworld1secosystemsareinanundesirablecondition

B.agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthought

tobe

C.appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworld1senvironment

D.havethoroughandcomprehensiveknowledgeoftheworld1senvironment

44、Edward0.Wilsonbelievesthatthemassextinctionhappenedinthepast

A.isgoodnewsforhumansB.isbadnewsforhumans

C.promotedthedevelopmentofhumansD.blockedthedevelopment

ofhumans

45、Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat.

A.humanswillbecomeextinctifcontinuingtodestroythenature

B.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdownenvironmentalpollution

C.humanwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

D.maintaininghumanlifeisatoughquestionbutstillcanbesolved

第5部分：补全短文

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将

其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

EveryDogHasItsSay

KimikoFukuda,aJapanesegirlzalwayswonderedwhatherdogwastrying

tosay.Wheneversheputonmakeupzitwouldpullathersleeve.46When

thedogbarkszsheglancesatasmallelectronicgadget（装置）•Thefollowing

nhuman"translationappearsonitsscreen：nPleasetakemewithyou.HIrealized

that*showhewasfeeling.nsaidFukuda.

ThegadgetiscalledBowlingual,andittranslatesdogbarksintofeelings.

PeoplelaughedwhentheJapanesetoymakerTakaraCompanymadetheworld*s

firstdoghumantranslationmachinein2002.But300,000Japanesedogowners

boughtit.47"Nobodyelsehadthoughtaboutit,”saidMasahikoKajita,

whoworksforTakara.*'Wespendsomuchtimetrainingdogstounderstandour

orders；whatwoulditbelikeifwecouldunderstanddogs?"