中美商务礼仪文化比较研究：以《穿普拉达的女王》为例 二稿

AComparativeStudyofAmericanandChineseBusinessEtiquetteCulture:TakingTheDevilWearsPradaasanExampleAThesisSubmittedtotheForeignLanguagesCollegeInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsforTheDegreeofBachelorofArtsMarch2024外语学院学生毕业论文独创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文是本人在导师的认真指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容除外，本论文不包括其他个人或集体已经发表的学术成果，也不包含为获得浙江万里学院或其他教育机构的学位证书而使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式表明。如本文涉及以上述声明及任何知识产权纠纷，本人将承担一切责任。学生签名：＿＿＿＿日期：＿＿＿＿AbstractThispapertakesTheDevilWearsPradaasanexampletoconductacomparativestudyofbusinessetiquettecultureinChinaandtheUnitedStates.ThestudyfindsthattherearedifferencesinbusinessetiquettebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesintermsoftimeconcept,businessdress,businessbehaviorandbusinesscommunication.Chinesebusinessetiquetteemphasizestheestablishmentandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships,attachesimportancetopolitenessandrespectfulexpression,paysattentiontoetiquettenormsandhabits,andadvocates"harmonyisprecious",whileAmericanbusinessetiquettefocusesonthenormsandskillsoftimeconcept,professionalattire,businessbehaviorandbusinesscommunication.Understandingandrespectingeachother'sbusinessetiquettecanpromotebusinesscommunicationandcooperation,andavoidunnecessaryconflictsandmisunderstandings.Therefore,inbusinessinteractions,weshouldpayattentiontomutualunderstandingandrespect,learnandabidebyeachother'sbusinessetiquettenormsandhabits,soastoestablishgoodbusinessrelationsandculturalexchanges.KeyWords:culturaldifferencesbusinessetiquetteTheDevilWearsPrada摘要本文以《穿普拉达的恶魔》为例，对中美两国商务礼仪文化进行了比较研究。研究发现，中美两国在商务礼仪在时间观念、商务着装、商务行为和商务沟通等方面存在差异。中国商务礼仪强调人际关系的建立和维护，重视礼貌和尊重的表达，注重礼仪规范和习惯，倡导“和谐是宝贵的”，而美国商务礼仪则侧重于时间观念、职业着装、商务行为和商务沟通的规范和技巧。了解和尊重彼此的商务礼仪，可以促进商务沟通与合作，避免不必要的冲突和误解。因此，在商务交往中，要注意相互理解和尊重，学习和遵守彼此的商务礼仪规范和习惯，从而建立良好的商务关系和文化交流。关键词：文化差异商务礼仪穿普拉达的女王ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u1Introduction AComparativeStudyofAmericanandChineseBusinessEtiquetteCulture:TakingTheDevilWearsPradaasanExample1IntroductionBusinessetiquettereferstosomepolitenormsandcodesofbehaviorthatpeoplefollowinbusinessactivitiesinordertomaintaingoodbusinessrelations.Businessetiquetteisanimportantpartofbusinessculture,whichreflectsthehistory,culture,valuesandsocialcustomsofacountryorregion.Differentcountriesorregionshavedifferentbusinessetiquette,ifwecanunderstandandrespecteachother'sbusinessetiquette,wecanpromotebusinessexchangesandcooperationandavoidunnecessaryconflictsandmisunderstandings.ChinaandtheUnitedStatesarethetwolargesteconomiesintheworld,andbusinessexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequentandclose.However,therearelargedifferencesinbusinessetiquettebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,whichbringcertainobstaclesandchallengestobusinessexchangesbetweenthetwosides.Therefore,itisofgreatsignificanceandvaluetoconductacomparativestudyonthebusinessetiquettecultureofChinaandtheU.S.toexplorethesimilaritiesanddifferencesandthereasonsforthem,inordertoimprovetheefficiencyandqualityofthebusinessinteractionsbetweenChinaandtheU.S.andtoenhancethefriendlinessandtrustofthebusinesscooperationbetweenthetwocountries(Shuang,2018,p.306).TheDevilWearsPradaisanAmericanmoviebasedonthenovelofthesamenamebyLaurenWeisbergeraboutafreshlygraduatedgirlAndywhoworksforthefashionmagazineRunway.ThemovieshowsthebusinessetiquetteintheAmericanfashionindustryandalsoreflectssomecharacteristicsandvaluesoftheAmericanbusinessetiquetteculture.ThispaperwilltakeTheDevilWearsPradaasanexampletoconductacomparativestudyonthebusinessetiquettecultureofChinaandtheUnitedStates,analyzingthedifferencesandreasonsforthedifferencesintheconceptoftime,businessdress,businessbehaviorandbusinesscommunication,withaviewtoprovidingsomeinsightsandsuggestionsforthebusinessexchangebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.2OverviewofChineseandAmericanBusinessEtiquetteChinesebusinessetiquettecultureemphasizestheimportanceofbuildingandmaintainingstronginterpersonalrelationships.Chinesepeopleexpressrespect,trust,andfriendshipthroughvariousgesturessuchasgivinggifts,invitinggueststodinner,andaddressingeachotherappropriately.Theyfollowpolitenormsandhabitslikegreeting,shakinghands,andgivinggifts.Itisimportanttoavoidtaboogiftsandbehaviors,andtopromoteaharmoniousatmosphereandrelationship.Chinesebusinesspeopleaimtocomplywiththewishesandrequirementsofothers,whileavoidingsensitiveorcontroversialtopicstopreventconflicts.2.1ChineseBusinessEtiquetteCultureChinaisacountrywithalonghistoryandsplendidculture,andChinesebusinessetiquettecultureisalsoformedanddevelopedinlong-termsocialpractice,whichreflectsthethoughts,morals,values,SpatialstatusandbehavioralnormsofChinesepeople(Gong,2010,p.177).Chinesepeoplebelievethatbusinessactivitiesarebasedonrelationshipsbetweenpeople,therefore,inbusinessinteractions,Chinesepeoplewillpayattentiontoestablishingandmaintaininggoodinterpersonalrelationships,especially"relationshipnetwork"or"humannetwork".Chinesepeoplewillexpresstheirrespect,trustandfriendshiptoeachotherthroughvariousways,suchasgivinggifts,invitinggueststodinner,greeting,addressingandtoasting.Chineseetiquetteandinbusinessinteractions,theyobservesomepolitenormsandhabits,suchasgreeting,addressing,shakinghands,toasting,andgivinggifts.TheChinesewilldecidehowtoaddressandtreateachotheraccordingtotheotherparty'sage,gender,position,statusandotherfactors,inordertoshowrespectandhonortotheotherparty.TheChinesealsopayattentiontosometaboos,suchasnotgivinggiftswithinauspiciousmeaningssuchasclocks,pears,shoes,etc.,notsigningwitharedpen,notcriticizingoraccusingtheotherpartyinpublic,etc.TheChinesebelievein"harmony",andtheywillnotgivegiftstotheotherpartythathaveinauspiciousmeanings.TheChineseadvocate"harmonyisprecious",inbusinessinteractions,theChinesewillpursueaharmoniousatmosphereandrelationship,toavoidcreatingorintensifyinganyconflictorcontradiction.TheChinesewilltrytocomplywiththewishesandrequirementsoftheotherpartyandavoidinsistingtoomuchontheirownpositionsandviews.TheChinesewillalsotrytoavoidtouchingonsensitiveorcontroversialtopics,suchaspolitics,religion,ethnicity,humanrights,etc.,soasnottocausetheotherparty'sdispleasureorresentment.Chinesepeoplewillalsotrytosolveproblemsordisputesinbusinessinteractionsthroughcompromise,concessionandmediation.2.2AmericanBusinessEtiquetteCultureTheUnitedStatesisadiversifiedcountry,theUnitedStatesbusinessetiquettecultureisalsoformedanddevelopedundertheinfluenceofdifferentnationalities,cultures,religions,regionsandotherfactors,whichreflectsthethinking,morals,valuesandbehavioralnormsofAmericans.Americansbelievethattimeismoneyandefficiencyislife.Inbusinessinteractions,Americanswillpayattentiontothearrangementandutilizationoftime,andtrytoavoidwastingtimeordelayingtime.Americanswillattendbusinesseventsontimeandexpecttheotherpartytoarriveontime.Americansmakedetailedschedulesandagendas,andfollowtheproceduresandrulesofbusinessactivities.Americansseekfastanddirectbusinesscommunicationanddecision-making,avoidingdelaysandbeatingaroundthebush.Americansbelievethat"allmenarecreatedequal,"andinbusinessinteractions,Americanswillrespecttheotherparty'sindividualrightsandfreedomsandexpecttheotherpartytorespecttheirownindividualrightsandfreedoms.Americanswilltreateachotherinanequalandfriendlymanner,andwillnotdiscriminateorbeprejudicedbecauseoftheotherparty'sage,gender,position,statusandotherfactors.Americanswillalsopayattentiontotheprotectionoftheotherparty'spersonalprivacyandspace,andwillnotinterferetoomuchorpryintotheotherparty'sprivateaffairs.Americanswillalsoaccepttheotherparty'sdirectrejection,denial,refutationorquestioning,willnotfeeloffendedorhurt.“Inwesterncountrythemostimportantculturalpatternisindividualism.Broadlyspeaking,individualismmeansthateachindividualisunique,special.completedifferentfromallotherindividuals”(Yang,2009,p.31).Americansadvocate"individualism",inbusinessinteractions,Americanswillpursuepersonalinterestsandsuccess.butalsorespecteachother'sinterestsandsuccess.Americanswillachievetheirowngoalsandaspirationsthroughcompetitionandcooperation,andwillalsoencourageandsupporteachother'sgoalsandaspirations.Americanswillearneachother'strustandrespectbydemonstratingtheirabilitiesandaccomplishments,andwillmotivateandrecognizeeachother'sabilitiesandaccomplishmentsthroughappreciationandrewards.Americanswillalsorespondtochallengesandopportunitiesinbusinessinteractionsthroughinnovationandchange,andwillshareandlearntopromoteprogressanddevelopmentinbusinessinteractions.3BusinessEtiquetteinTheDevilWearsPradaAmericansprioritizetimeefficiency,personalstyle,anddirectcommunicationinbusiness.Theyvaluepersonalinterests,success,andstriveforexcellence.ThemovieTheDevilWearsPradaillustratesthesevaluesthroughthecharacters'behaviors,suchasexpectingpunctuality,adjustingschedules,andfashionchoices.Americansalsoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlyandvaluepersonalexpressionandcommunicationinbusiness.ThestaffatRunwaymagazineandthemaincharacterAndydemonstratethesetraitsbyactivelycommunicating,seekinghelp,andproposingideas,ultimatelyreflectingprofessionalismandresponsibility.3.1MannersintheConceptofTimeAmericansattachimportancetotheefficiencyandutilizationoftime,therefore,inbusinessactivities,Americanswillabidebythescheduleandrulesoftime,andwillalsoasktheotherpartytoabidebythescheduleandrulesoftime(Han,2011,p.249).Inthemovie,thefollowingaspectsarereflected:3.1.1AttendanceonTimeBeingontimeforabusinesseventisasignofrespectandtrustfortheotherparty,aswellasasignofprofessionalismandresponsibility.Inthemovie,AndywasscoldedandmockedbyherbossMirandaPrestleyforbeingafewminuteslateonherfirstdayatwork.Andlaterinthework,Andygraduallylearnshowtocompletevarioustasksandrequirementsontime,suchasdeliveringMirandaPrestley'sbreakfast,coffee,clothes,documents,etc.intime,aswellasarrivingatvariousmeetings,conferences,partiesandotheroccasionsontime.3.1.2EstablishmentofaScheduleSettingascheduleisanimportantmeansoftimeefficiencyandtimemanagement,anditisalsonecessarytoensurethesmoothrunningofbusinessactivities.Inthemovie,wecanseethatMirandaPriestly'sscheduleisverytightandbusy,sheneedstoattendvariousimportantbusinessactivities,suchasfashionweek,interviews,meetings,partiesandsoon.Herassistantsneedtoprepareallkindsofnecessaryitemsandinformationforheraccordingtoherschedule,suchasclothes,restaurants,vehicles,airtickets,hotels,contactsandsoon.Herassistantsalsoneedtoadjustherscheduleatanytimetocopewithallkindsofunexpectedsituations,suchasweather,transportation,media,competitors,etc.3.2BusinessDressCodeAmericansattachimportancetotheirpersonalimageandstyle,therefore,“inbusinessactivities,Americanswillchooseappropriatebusinessdressaccordingtodifferentoccasionsandpurposes,andwillalsoasktheotherpartytochooseappropriatebusinessdress.”(Sabath,2002).Inthemovie,thereflectionofthefollowingareaspects:3.2.1FashionConsciousnessFashionconsciousnessisanimportantsignofone'stasteandtemperament,aswellasanimportantwaytoreflectone'screativityandpersonality.“SuccessinmostLatinAmericancountriesmeansrespectability,glamour.Sobusinessexecutivesdressfashionably,andtheyexpecteachothertodresswellandappearequallysuccessful”(Yuan,2002,p.39).Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffofthefashionmagazineRunwayareveryconsciousoftheirdressandimage,andtheychoosethelatest,mostpopularanddistinctiveclothesandaccessoriestoshowtheirfashionsenseandstyle.AndMirandaPriestleyisafashionleaderandtrendcreator,everyoutfitshewearsiscarefullyselectedandmatched,everydetailofherlookisexquisiteandperfect,andeverymoveshemakesiselegantandconfident.3.2.2ProfessionalImageProfessionalimageisanimportantfactortoreflectanindividual'sabilityandlevelofcompetence,aswellashisorherprofessionalismandsenseofresponsibility.“Payattentiontodressetiquette,clevercollocationofclothing,sothatyourimagebeautyhighlightsyoureleganttaste,moreimportantly,reflectanawarenessofmaintainingthebusinessimageoftheenterprise”(WuWu,2009,p.42).Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffmembersofthefashionmagazineRunwayallchooseappropriatebusinessdresscodeaccordingtodifferentbusinessoccasionsandpurposesinordertoshowtheirprofessionalismandadaptability.Forexample,ineditorialmeetingsofthemagazine,theywouldwearformal,neatandclassysuitsorsuitstoshowtheirrespectandseriousnesstotheirwork.Andatoccasionssuchasfashionweeksorparties,theywillwearfashionable,brightlycolored,andpersonalizedoutfitsordressestoshowtheirloveandappreciationforfashion.3.3EtiquetteinBusinessBehaviorAmericansvaluepersonalinterestsandsuccess,therefore,inbusinessactivities,Americanswillrealizetheirowngoalsandaspirationsthroughcompetitionandcooperation,andalsorespecteachother'sgoalsandaspirations.Inthemovie,thefollowingaspectsarereflected:3.3.1PursuitofExcellenceThepursuitofexcellenceisanimportantwayofreflectingone'sabilityandstandard,aswellasone'sprofessionalismandsenseofresponsibility.Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffofthefashionmagazineRunwayareveryhardworkinganddedicated,andtheywillconstantlyimprovetheirprofessionalknowledgeandskillstomeetMirandaPriestley'shighstandardsandrequirements.Theywilldowhateverittakestoaccomplishallkindsofseeminglyimpossibletasksandchallenges,suchasfindingHarryPotter'smanuscriptinashortperiodoftime,arrangingMirandaPrestley'sairplane,solvingMirandaPrestley'spersonalproblems,andsoon.3.3.2RespectforCompetitionRespectforcompetitionisanimportantprinciplethatreflectsfairnessandjusticeforindividuals,aswellascreativityandchange.Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffmembersofthefashionmagazinearefacedwithfiercecompetition,andtheywillstrivefortheirownopportunitiesandstatusbyshowingtheirstrengthsandcharacteristics.Theywillalsoaccepteachother'scompetitionandchallengesandwillnotgiveuporbackdowneasily.Forexample,inthemovie,AndyandEmilyCharltonarebothassistantsofMirandaPriestly,thereiscompetitionandconflictbetweenthembuttheywillalsorespectandcooperatewitheachotherinordertoaccomplishtheirworkandtasks.3.4EtiquetteinBusinessCommunicationAmericansvaluepersonalexpressionandcommunication;therefore,inbusinessactivities,Americanswillrealizetheirownpurposesandintentionsandrespecttheotherparty'spurposesandintentionsthroughfastanddirectbusinesscommunication.Inthemovie,thefollowingaspectsarereflected:3.4.1DirectExpressionDirectexpressionisanimportantwaytoshowanindividual'shonestyandtrust,aswellasanimportantcharacteristictoshowanindividual'sself-confidenceandinitiative(Zhang,2007,p.83).Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffofthefashionmagazineRunwayexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlywithouthidingordisguisingtheirtrueintentionsandpurposes.Theyalsorespondandgivefeedbacktoeachother'sthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlywithoutbeatingaroundthebushorbeingvague.Forexample,inthemovie,MirandaPriestlywouldtellAndyhertasksandrequirementsdirectlywithoutgivingheranyhintsorhints.Inturn,AndywilldirectlypresentherproblemsanddifficultiestoMirandaPrestleywithouthidingoravoidingherresponsibilitiesandproblems.3.4.2SuccinctnessSuccinctnessandclarityareimportantprinciplesthatreflectanindividual'sefficiencyandprofessionalism,aswellastheirlogicandclarity.Inthemovie,wecanseethatthestaffofthefashionmagazineRunwaywilluseconciseandclearlanguageandwayofconductingbusinesscommunicationwithoutwastingtimeorspace.Theywouldalsoaskeachothertouseclearandconciselanguageandwaysofconductingbusinesscommunicationandwouldnottoleratelengthinessorvagueness.Forexample,inthemovie,MirandaPriestlywouldexpressheropinionanddecisioninsimplewordsorphrasessuchas"no","itdoesn'twork","replace",etc.Andywouldalsousesimplewordsandphrasestoexpresshisopinionanddecision.AndyalsorespondstoMirandaPriestlywithsimplesentencesorquestions,suchas"yes","Isee","whatdoyouneed",etc.3.4.3ActiveCommunicationActivecommunicationisanimportantcharacteristicthatreflectsanindividual'sinitiativeandself-confidence,aswellascreativityandchange(Melvin,2012,p.220).Inthemovie,thestaffofthefashionmagazineRunwayactivelycommunicatetheirideasandsuggestionswithoutbeingpassiveorsilent.Theyalsoactivelyacceptandgivefeedbackoneachother'sideasandsuggestionswithoutrejectingorignoringthem.Forexample,inthemovie,whenAndyencountersvariousdifficultiesandchallengesinherwork,shewillactivelyseekanddrawonthehelpandexperienceofothers,suchasNajeevKapoorandChristianThompson.Shewillalsoactivelyproposeandimplementherownideasandprograms,suchasbuyingbooksforMirandaPriestly'stwindaughtersandarrangingairplanesforMirandaPriestly'shusband.4AnalysisofCulturalDifferencesinChineseandAmericanBusinessEtiquetteAmericansandChinesehavedifferencesinbusinessbehaviorandcommunication.Americansvaluetime,efficiency,andproductivity,whileChineseviewtimeaselasticandrelative.Americansprioritizeprocessandexpectotherstofollowrules,whileChineseviewprocessasflexibleandappreciatecooperativeness.Americansprioritizeprofessionalattireasawaytoexpressimage,whileChineseviewitasareflectionofabilityandsenseofresponsibility.Americansfocusoncompetitionandcooperation,whileChinesefocusonbuildingandmaintainingrelationships.Thedifferencesinbusinesscommunicationincludethewayandcontentofcommunication.Americansbelievethatbusinesscommunicationisawaytoachievegoalsandintentions,whileChinesebelievethatitisawaytoestablishandmaintaininterpersonalrelationships.Americansusefastanddirectcommunicationtoachievetheirgoals,whileChineseusetactfulandsubtlecommunicationtoestablishandmaintainrelationships.Americansvaluebrevityasaprincipleofefficiencyandprofessionalism,whileChinesevalueitasapersonalattitudeandresponsibilitytoshowrespectandseriousness.4.1DifferencesintheConceptofTimeThedifferenceintheconceptoftimebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesismainlymanifestedintheattitudeandusageoftime.Americansbelievethattimeismoneyandthattimeislimited,valuableandmeasurable;therefore,Americanswilltrytoutilizetime,improveefficiency,andabidebytimearrangementsandrules.TheChinese,ontheotherhand,believethattimeisinfinite,relativeandelastic;therefore,theywillhandletimeflexibly,pursueharmonyandfocusonthequalityandmeaningoftime.(Wang,2010).4.1.1ViewsontheAgendaAmericansbelievethatschedulesareaneffectivetimemanagementandorganizingtool,aswellasaguaranteethatbusinessactivitieswillrunsmoothly.Americanswillsetdetailedschedulesandagendas,andwillfollowtheflowandrulesofbusinessactivities.Ifthescheduleischanged,Americanswillfeeldisturbedanduneasy,andwilldoubttheprofessionalismandreliabilityoftheotherparty.Ontheotherhand,theChineseconsiderthescheduleasareferencetimearrangementandguidance,butnotanimmutabletimeconstraint.TheChinesewillflexiblyadjustthescheduleandagendaaccordingtotheactualsituationandneeds,andwillalsochangetheprocessandrulesaccordingtotheactualprogressandresultsofthebusinessactivities.Ifthescheduleischanged,theChinesewillunderstandandadapt,andwillappreciatethecooperationandflexibilityoftheotherparty.4.1.2PerceptionoftheProcessAmericansbelievethattheprocessisakindofbasicprincipletoensurethatbusinessactivitiesareeffectiveandorderly,andalsoakindofbasicrequirementstoreflecttheprofessionalismandstandardizationofbusinessactivities.Americanswillcomplywiththeprocessandrulesofbusinessactivities,andwillalsorequiretheotherpartytocomplywiththeprocessandrulesofbusinessactivities.Iftheprocessisviolated,Americanswillfeeldissatisfiedanddistrustful,andwillalsodoubttheabilityandcredibilityoftheotherparty.Ontheotherhand,Chinesepeoplebelievethatprocessisabasicframeworktoguidebusinessactivities,butnotafixedpatterntolimitbusinessactivities.TheChinesewillflexiblydealwiththeprocessandrulesofbusinessactivitiesaccordingtotheactualsituationandneeds,andwillalsoflexiblyrespondtotheprocessandrulesofbusinessactivitiesaccordingtotheactualsituationandneedsoftheotherparty.Iftheprocessisviolated,theChinesewillfeelunderstandingandaccommodating,andwillalsoappreciatetheotherparty'scooperativenessandflexibility.4.2DifferencesinProfessionalAttireThedifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesinprofessionalattirearemainlymanifestedinthestyleandfunctionofprofessionalattire.Americansbelievethatprofessionalattireisanimportantsymbolofone'simageandstyle,aswellasanimportantwaytoreflectone'screativityandpersonality.Therefore,Americanswillchooseappropriateprofessionalattireaccordingtodifferentoccasionsandpurposes,andwillalsoaskeachothertochooseappropriateprofessionalattire.TheChinese,ontheotherhand,believethatprofessionalattireisanimportantfactorinreflectinganindividual'sabilityandlevelofcompetence,aswellasanimportantconditionforreflectinganindividual'sprofessionalismandsenseofresponsibility.Therefore,Chinesepeoplewillchooseappropriateprofessionalattireaccordingtodifferentindustriesandpositions,andwillalsoexpecteachothertochooseappropriateprofessionalattire.4.2.1ViewsonFashionAmericansconsiderfashiontobeanimportantwaytodisplayone'stasteandtemperament,aswellasawaytodemonstrateone'screativityandchange.Americanswillpayattentiontofashiontrendsandmovements,andwillchoosethenewest,mostpopular,andmostdistinctiveprofessionalattireinordertodemonstratetheirownsenseoffashionandstyle.Americanswillalsorespecteachother'sfashionchoicesandwillnotdiscriminateorbeprejudicedbecausetheotherperson'sprofessionalattireisdifferentfromtheirown.TheChinese,ontheotherhand,seefashionasanimportantwaytodemonstrateone'sadaptabilityandharmony,aswellasone'sculturalsensitivityandrespect.TheChinesewillpayattentiontofashionnormsandhabitsandwillchoosethemostappropriate,suitable,andfittingprofessionalattirefortheirindustryandpositioninordertodemonstratetheirprofessionalismandadaptability.TheChinesewillalsoexpecttheotherperson'sfashionchoicesandwillnotbeoffendedordistrustfuloftheotherperson'sprofessionalattirethatdoesnotmatchtheirown.4.2.2PerceptionofFunctionalityAmericansconsiderfunctionalitytobeanimportantfactorindemonstratinganindividual'scompetenceandlevelofefficiencyandprofessionalism.Americanswillchoosethemostappropriate,comfortableandconvenientprofessionalattireaccordingtothefunctionandfeaturesoftheprofessionalattireinordertoimprovetheefficiencyandqualityoftheirwork.Americanswillalsorespecteachother'sfunctionalchoicesandwillnotbeoffendedorhurtbythefactthattheotherperson'sprofessionalattireisdifferentfromtheirown.TheChinese,ontheotherhand,considerfunctiontobeanimportantfactorindemonstratingone'sattitudeandresponsibility,aswellasone'spolitenessandrespect.TheChinesewillchoosethemostappropriate,neatandtastefulprofessionalattireaccordingtothefunctionandrequirementsoftheprofessionalattireinordertoshowrespectandseriousnessfortheirwork.TheChinesewillalsoexpectfunctionalchoicesfromtheotherpartyandwillnotbepuzzledordistrustfulbecausetheotherparty'sprofessionalattiredoesnotmatchtheirown.4.3DifferencesinBusinessPracticesThedifferencesinbusinessbehaviorbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinaaremainlyinthepurposeandapproachtobusinessbehavior(Zhang,2023,p.6).Americansseebusinessbehaviorasanimportantwaytoachievepersonalinterestsandsuccess,aswellastoachievepersonalcreativityandchange.Therefore,Americanswillconductbusinessbehaviorthroughcompetitionandcooperation,andwillalsorespecteachother'sinterestsandsuccess.TheChinese,ontheotherhand,seebusinesspracticesasanimportantwaytobuildandmaintainrelationships,aswellasanimportantwaytoachieveharmonyandstability.Therefore,Chinesepeoplewillconductbusinessbehaviorthroughrelationshipandpoliteness,andalsofocusonthefaceandemotionoftheotherparty.4.3.1PerceptionofCompetitionCompetitionisanimportantmotivatorfortheprogressanddevelopmentoftheindividual,andanimportantprinciplethatreflectsfairnessandjusticefortheindividual.America