高中英语语法

动词过去分词

规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过

去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词。

1.及加动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，还

表示已完成了的动作。Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。

2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态,

只表示动作的完成。Heisretired.他已退休

3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。

过去分词构成规则

1.规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则

相同。四点变化规则：

(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加"edwork—worked-worked,visit…visited-visited

(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live—lived—lived,

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed

study-studied-studied,crycried™cried,

(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。

stop-stopped-stopped,dropidropped-dropped

2.不规则动词，见不规则表

一、过去分词作表语

Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山.

【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语

的状态，而被动语态则表示动作.

(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday^

茶杯是昨天我小妹打麻的.(是被动语意表示动作)

(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)

【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成，-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如

interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,

用-ing形式来修饰物.

(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.

这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣.

二、过去分词作定语

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词

的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成.

1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前.

Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.

我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.

2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个

定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中.

Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.

他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.

3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号.

Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.

他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人.

4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形

式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.

Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.

三、过去分词作状语

1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.

（1）Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!

因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好.

【注意】written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写.值得

注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样

的过去分词及短语有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）;

lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿着）；tiredof（厌烦）.

（2）Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.

因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音.

2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致.

（1）Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.

再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.

（2）Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.

从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮.'

【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的

逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.

（1）Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.（thesignal是

given的逻辑主语,因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语.

（2）Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.（her

head是heldhigh的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻

辑主语.）

3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.

（1）Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透

了.（caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语

从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.）

（2）Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些

种子能长得很快.（growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状

语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.

【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成”连词+过去分

词”结构作状语.

Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.

当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

4.过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主

句隔开;也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开.

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodthere

silently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.

四、过去分词作宾语补足语

(一)能擘接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：

1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,

feel,notice,think等.

⑴IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词

sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)

(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分

词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)

2.表示“致使”意义的动词,如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.

(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发.

(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.

(3)Donftleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完.

3.表示思维活动的动词如consider,know,think等后。如：

(1)Iconsiderthemattersettled.我认为这件事解决了。

(2)Ithoughtmyselfwrongedsomehowinthebargain.

理认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。

4.表示爱憎、意愿的动词如want,wish,like,hate等后。如：

(1)Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.我要预定两张机票。

(2)Hedidn'twishitmentioned.他不愿这事被提起。

【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.

(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.

1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.

Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)

2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如：

Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)

五、“with+宾语+过去分词”的结构

此结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,

方式，条件，原因等状语.

(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin9withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)

(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.

水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气,(表条件)

(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

事情得到解决，我们都回家了.(表原因)

(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.

她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他.

(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.

他仍然举着手站了一会儿.

一、单项选择题。

1.Mr.Smith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring

2.Ongettingtothekindergarten,themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell

A.lookedforB.caredforC.takecareofD.caredafter

3.Thetwooldsisters,solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.

A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparated

C.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated

4.LefshavearestTheworkmademevery.

A.tired;tiredB.tiring;tiringC.tired;tiringD.tiring;tired

5.Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone

tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewith

eachprogramthatturnsout.

A.addingB.tohaveaddedC.toaddD.added

6.Asweallknow,newspapers,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevision

broadcastscankeepusaboutwhatishappeningintheworld.

A.informingB.toinformC.informedD.beinginformed

7.Everyonewasbyhisprogresswhichhemadeduringthe

twomonths.

A.surprised;surpriseB.surprised;surprised

C.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprising

8.Whenheturnedaround,hefoundapairofeyeshim.

A.lookingB.watchatC.fixingonD.staringat

9.Thefilmyousawlastlightwasmadeonatruestorythathappened

manyyearsago.

A.baseB.tobebasedC.basedD.basing

10.Afterhiswork,theteacher,cametohelpmewithmyEnglish.

A.finishedB.beingfinishedC.havingfinishedD.befinishing

11.Followthedirectionsonthebottlecarefullywhenthemedicine.

A.youwilltakeB.takingC.totakeD.taken

12.Thestudents,theirteachers,camehome.

A.followedB.followC.followingD.willfollow

13.Thelong-lastingwar,filledwithbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople'ssadness,

noresult.

A.reachedB.toreachC.wouldreachD.reaching

14.Theyspentthenightintheroom.

A.havinglockedB.lockingC.tobelockedD.locked

15.Hewrotealettertotheking.

A.hopingtobesetfreeB.tosethimfree

C・sothatbesetfreeD.askedtobesetfree

16.Stevenhasdevotedallhislifetofilms,andKate,hiswife,isalso

tothedutyofherprofession.

A.make;devotedB.making;devoting

C.making;devotedD.make;devoting

17.inthedark,hisheadhitagainstatree.

A.WalkingB.Hewaswalking

C.WalkedD.Whenhewaswalking

18.Timeshouldbemadegooduseourlessonswell.

A.oflearningB.tolearnC.tolearningD.oftolearn

19.Thefilm,truestoryofthisRedArmygeneral,attractedpeople's

interestalloverthecountry.

A.isbasedonB.isonthebaseof

C.whichisthebaseofD.basedupon

20.Shereturnedhomefromthemarketonlytofindthedooropenanda

numberofthings・

A.stoleB.missingC.missedD.losing

21.itrains,wewillstayathome.

A.SupposedB.SupposingC.TosupposeD.Ifsuppose

22.withyours,ourlibraryistoosmallasize.

A.Comparing;inB.Comparing;of

C.Compared;inD.Compared;of

23.It'sdangeroustocarryahotpanwithoil.

A.burningB.burntC.burnD.burns

24.Weweretoldthatthestonefigurebacktothe16thcenturywasof

greatvalue.

A.datedB.datingC.comingD.kept

25.Theboylayonhisback,histeethandhisglaringeyes

straightupwards.

A.set;lookedB.set;looking

C.setting;lookedD.setting;looking

26.intheforest,hehadtoaskforhelpbysendingoutsignals.

A.HavinglostB.LosingC.LostD.Hewaslost

27.TheGoldenGateBridge,rseveralhundredyearsago,isworldwide

famous.

A.whichisbuiltB.whichbuiltC.havingbuiltD.built

28.1suggestedthecheatintoprison.

A.referredtobeingputB.referredbeput

C.referredshouldbeputD.referredtobeput

29.91wentoutforawalk.

A.TherewasnothingtodoB.Therebeingnothingtodo

C.TherehadnothingtodoD.Hadnothingtodo

30.Hereturnedhometolearnthatthegirlhadbeenmarriedthe

secretaryvillage.

A.becameengagedtohimB.wasengagedtohim

C.engagedtohimbeforeD.gotengagedtohim

31.atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutit

tohisparents.

A.DisappointedB.Tobedisappointed

C.DisappointingD.Havingdisappointed

32.inthedarkcave,hewasnotafraidofbeingfoundby

enemysoldiers.

A.Hidden;armedB.Hide;armed

C.hidden;armD.Hiding;armed

33.Tohavethewonderfulclothnewclothes,theyhadthemachine

alldaylong.

A.madeof;runningB.madeof;run

C.madeinto;workingD.madeinto;work

34.TheWorldTradeOrganizationfinallyopeneditsdoortoChinaon

November10,ourChinese15-yearwait.

A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends

35.Ifinwetsand,thevegetablescanfreshforalongtime.

A.beingburied;remainB.buried;remain

C.buried;beremainedD.burying;remain

36.overandoveragain,buthestillcouldn'tunderstand.

A.HavingexplainedB.havingbeenexplained

C.ExplainingD.Ithadbeenexplained

37.Everything,theplanisfairlypractical,youcanputitinto

practice.

A.consideringB.takenintoconsideration

C.toconsiderD.takingintoconsideration

38.fromthemoon,ourearth,withwaterseventypercentof

itssurface,appearsasa“blueball”.

A.Seen;coveredB.seeing;covering

C.Seen;coveringD.Tosee;tocover

39.Agreatbigfellow,around250pounds,walkedwithslowheavy

noisyfootstepsuptotheproducercounterinthesupermarket.

A.weighedB.weighingC.weighsD.weighty

40.™Theplanisofgreatimportancetoeverybody.

-Isee.Heissuretofinishitontime.

A.madeB.makingC.tobemadeD.tomake

41.Fromthedatesonth*goldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefive

hundredyearsago.

A.markingB.marked

C.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked

42.Hearingthegoodnews,Ifeltaheavyloadmymind.

A.takingoffB.tobetakenoffC.havingtakenoffD.takenoff

43.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,withtheireyes・

A.widelyopenB.wideopenedC.widelyopenedD.wideopen

44.Thescientistcametothemeetingwithhiswifehim.

A.beingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.support

45.Thenoiseofthemachinescanbeclearlyheardinourclassroom.

A.fixedB.beingfixedC.tobefixedD.havingbeenfixed

46.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute

A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.as.settled

47.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience

onbenches,chairs,orboxes.

A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.seat

48.inthisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodisappointing.

A.TolookatB.LookingatC.LookedatD.Tobelookedat

49.inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawarded

scholarshipstotaling$21,000.

A.TobejudgedthebestB.Havingjudgedthebest

C.JudgedthebestD.Judgingthebest

50.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembersofhowthe

negotiationsweregoingon.

A.informB.informingC.beinformedD.informed

51.withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.

A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing

52.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedintheNewWorld,theIndians

jewellerymadeofanimalbonesgreetedthemwarmly.

A.wearingB.towearC.wornD.havingworn

53.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;thereare

picturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.

A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed

54.Whenfirsttothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.

A.introducingB.introduced

C.introduceD.beingintroduced

55.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhenatthemeetingbymy

boss.

A.questioningB.havingquestioned

C.questionedD.tobequestioned

56.inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehad

lefthiswalletathome.

A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited

57.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothe

beautyofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

58.Thedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.

A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded

59.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,・

A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsed

C.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists

60.bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospend

anthertwodaysonthefarm.

A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted

61.Theoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohis

mother.

A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked

62.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,

__as3M.

A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

63.theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwodays.

A.NotcompletingB.Notcompleted

C.NothavingcompletedD.Notcompleted

64.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelaws

getparents・

A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry

65.Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofa

passenger.

A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting

66.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimetobeforethe

party.

A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange

67.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,・

A.exhaustingB.exhausted

C.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted

68.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked

69.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookher

away,intothewoods.

A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing

70.time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.

A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given

71.Generallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasno

sideeffect.

A.whentakingB.whentaken

C.whentotakeD.whentobetaken

72.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan.

A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.beingkept

73.Unlesstospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.

A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited

74.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains

whethertheywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

75.Theresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedoneto

changeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun

76.tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'shealth.

A.ExposedB.Havingexposed

C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed

77.Thebelltheendoftheperiodrang,ourheateddiscussion.

A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interrupting

C.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted

78.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevotedallhehadtosomeschoolsfor

poorchildren.

A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup

79.fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesome

medicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.

A.SufferedB.Suffering

C.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered

80.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee.the

nextyear.

A,carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout

81.in1636,Harvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesinthe

UnitedStates.

A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding

82.Thepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.

A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung

83.TheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.

A.missing;playingB.missing;play

C.missed;playedD.missed;toplay

84.thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecover

fromtheoperation.

A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven

85.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopular

sportintheworld.

A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake

86.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose

87.Theladysaidthatshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe.

A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain

C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars

88.andhappy,Tonnystoodupandacceptedtheprize.

A.SurprisingB.Surprised

C.BeingsurprisedD・Tobesurprising

89.Agoodstorydoesn'tnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthe

readermustnotbeleft,

A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfying

C.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied

90.Fivepeoplewonthe“China'sGreenFigure”award,atitleto

ordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.

A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven

91.ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage

cameoutinthe18thcentury.

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

92.Thecomputercentre,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudents

inthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.