高中人教新课标英语选修8核心词汇梳理并重点训练

人教新课标选修8核心词汇梳理并重点训练选修8Unit1Ameans,majority,percentage,occur,makealife,keepup,takein,agreat/goodmany1.meansn.手段；方法bythismeans用这种方法bymeansof通过；用；借助于bynomeans决不；一点也不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）byallmeans务必、不惜一切地；（用于交际英语表示同意）当然可以，没问题eg:Todayanairshipisusedasmeansofadvertising.Theburglarsenteredthehousebymeansofaladder.Bynomeansisthisthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.注：eq\o\ac(○,1)means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查；要注意，means作主语时，前有several,some,many,few,all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。eq\o\ac(○,2)way多与in连用，构成in…waymethod多与with连用，构成with…methodmeans多与by连用，构成by…meansapproach多与to连用，构成approachto…2.majorityn.大多数；大半ina/themajority占大多数getamajority获得多数票haveamajorityoversb获得多于某人的票数；战胜某人by/withamajorityof以大多数…赢得…minorityn.少数intheminority占少数eg:Hewontheseatwithamajorityof71votes.Amajorityofpeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealth.Themajorityofloneparentsaredivorcedorseparatedwomen.注：eq\o\ac(○,1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。Themajoritywere/wasagainsttheplan.eq\o\ac(○,2)单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.复数名词+复数谓语动词eq\o\ac(○,3)Themajorityof不可数名词+单数谓语动词Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.3.percentagen.百分比；百分率eq\o\ac(○,1)percentage“百分比，百分率”，其前不用具体的数字修饰，可以被high，low等形容词修饰。eq\o\ac(○,2)percent“百分之…”，相当于“%”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。eq\o\ac(○,3)“apercentageof+n.”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视名词的单复数而定。eg:Theunemploymentpercentagekeepsrisingintherecentfinancialcrisis.Californiaisastatewithahighpercentageofimmigrants.OverninetypercentofmyclassmateshaveanEnglishdictionary.4.occurvi.发生；出现occurtosb发生在某人身上itoccurstosbtodosth某人想起做某事sthoccurstosbsthstrikessbsthcomestosb某人突然想起…Itoccurstosbthat-clauseItstrikessbthat-clauseeg:Itoccurredtometovisitmyparents.Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred.5.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等cometolife突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live/leada…life过着…生活comebacktolife苏醒过来；恢复生气bring…backtolife使…苏醒过来fulloflife充满生气forlife终生；一生；终身startanewlife开始新生活tothelife栩栩如生；逼真make/earna/one’sliving谋生eg:TheywenttotheWestanddecidedtomakealifethere.Tooursurprise,hecametolifesoon.Therescueteambroughtthebabybacktolife.6.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）keep(on)doingsth继续、重复做某事keepsthup使某物保持在高水平keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepon继续keepoutof…不进入（某处），留在外边keeptosth遵守；信守keepupwith…跟上…；与…同步前进eg:Ihopethefineweatherwillkeepup.Policewarnedbystanderstokeepawayfromtheblazingbuilding.Shekeptonworkingalthoughshewastired.Thingswillonlyworkoutifweallkeeptotheplan.7.takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗takeaway拿走；使离开；消除（病痛等）takedown记下来；拆掉takefor（错）当做；（误）以为takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去，占据；开始；从事eg:HecertainlytookusinwithhisstoriesabouthisexperiencesinMexico.Thiskindofclothtakesinwatereasily.LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime.8.agreat/goodmany许多；很多manyagreatmany+可数名词的复数agoodmany+复数谓语agood/largenumberofmuchagood/greatdealof+不可数名词+单数谓语alargeamountofalotof可数名词的复数+复数谓语lotsof+plentyof不可数名词+单数谓语largeamountsof+不可数名词+复数谓语quantitiesof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语amassof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+单数谓语massesof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语eg:Tomfoundthattherewereagreat/goodmanypeoplealreadythere.Itseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.Agreatmanyoftheflowerswerewhite.注：agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。9.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别。eq\o\ac(○,1)That’swhy…这就是为什么…(why从句表示结果)eq\o\ac(○,2)That’sbecause…这是因为…(because从句表示原因)eq\o\ac(○,3)Thereasonwhy…is/wasthat……的原因是…(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)eg:Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelateforthemeeting.ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.练习：1.---Doyouthinkweshouldputanadinthepaperforthelostchild?---Yes,.A.that’sallrightB.byallmeansC.itjustdependsD.nevermind2.Themajorityofthestudentsinhisclassfortheplan.A.isB.areC.isgoingtoD.will3.Alargeofthehotel’sincomefromthevisitorstothelakenearby.A.percentage;areB.percentage;isC.percent;areD.percent;is4.---Howdiditthatyoumadesomanymistakesinyourhomework?---Imyselfhaven’tfigureditouryet.A.bringaboutB.comeaboutC.comeacrossD.occurto5.Hasiteveryouthatthisoldbookmightbevaluable?A.occurredB.occurredtoC.strucktoD.come6.事故使他终身残废。7.这对夫妻过着幸福的生活。8.Inthefaceofallthesedifficulties,we’renotdiscouragedandourspiritswell.A.keepupB.goupC.holdupD.pickup9.Don’tusinsuspenseanylonger—whathappensattheendofthestory?A.allowB.keepC.stayD.promise10.Thestudentsfinditeasytowhatyouteach.A.takeupB.takeonC.takeinD.takeoff11.Theylookhonestbutsometimeswearebythem.A.takeninB.takenupC.madeupD.putup12.thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.A.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.Alotof13.Thereasondeathwasfearedwasnomancouldexperienceittwice.A.why;thatB.why;becauseC.why;whyD.because;thatUnit2Cloningundertake,object,forbid,owe,bother,resist,payoff,infavourof,beboundtodosth1.undertake(undertook,undertaken)vt.着手；从事；承担undertakeatask承担任务undertaketodosth同意、答应或着手做某事undertakethat-clause保证…undertakingn.任务；事业；企业eg:Sheundertooktheorganizationofthewholescheme.HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.Icanundertakethatyouwillenjoythetrip.2.objectvi.不赞成；反对n.物体；目标objectto(sb/sth)反对（某人/某事）objecttodoingsth反对做某事objectionn.反对；不赞成have/take/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth对…表示反对raiseanobjectiontosth对…提出异议objectiveadj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的eg:Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.Iobjectedthathewastooyoungfortheposition.Mymainobjectiontotheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.注：object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语后需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词to。beopposedto…表示“反对…；和…相反”。3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)vt.禁止；不准forbidsbtodosth禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth禁止做某事forbidthat…禁止…(从句中常用should+动词原形)forbidsbsth禁止某人某事forbidsbfromdoing禁止某人做…It’sforbiddentodosth做某事是禁止的ForbiddenCity紫禁城eg:Thenewlawforbidssmokinginoffices.Theirfatherforbadethemtogo.Iforbidthatyou(should)entertheroom.4.owev.欠（账、钱、人情等）；应该向…付出；应该把…归功于owe…to…欠…；把…归功于；应感激owe…to…for…因…欠owesbsth(=owesthtosb)欠某人某物owingadj.欠的；未付的owingto…因为；由于eg:Heoweshissuccessmoretoluckthantoability.Heowes$50tohisfriend.Owingtotherain,thematchwascancelled.5.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bothersbwith/aboutsth为某事打扰或麻烦某人botherabout/withsth为某事烦恼bothertodo/doing操心做某事Itbotherssbthat/todosth使某人苦恼的是…辨析bother/disturb/trouble/annoy：这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。eq\o\ac(○,1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的；含有使人讨厌的意味。eq\o\ac(○,2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。eq\o\ac(○,3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。eq\o\ac(○,4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使（别人）生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。eg:Idon’twanttobotheryouwithmyproblems.What’stroublingyou—moneyproblems?Thesefliesareannoyingme.6.resistvt.抵抗；忍住(多与cannot，couldn’t连用)behard/impossibletoresist难以拒绝resistsb/sth抵抗/抵制某人/某物can’t/couldn’tresistdoingsth禁不住干某事resistdoingsth抵制干某事resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的beresistantto对…有抵抗力的resistancen.拒绝；反对eg:Heisingoodhealth—heisabletoresistdiseases.Icouldn’tresisthavingalookatherdiary.Therehasbeenalotofresistancetothisnewlaw.7.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清paysthoff全部偿还；偿清（债务）paysbforsth=paysthtosbforsth付钱给某人作为…的费用payforsth为某事吃苦头或受惩罚payback还钱；报复payapricefor…为所得付出代价eg:Theytookahellofariskbutitpaidoff.Canyoulendme$10?I’llpayyoubackonFriday.I’llmakeherpayforruiningmychances!8.infavourof赞成；支持bein/outoffavour(withsb)=bein/outofsb’sfavour得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等insb’sfavour对某人有利infavour赞同的；流行的；得宠的outoffavour失宠的；不流行的dosbafavour=doafavourforsb帮某人忙owesbafavour欠某人情favoursbwithsth为某人做某事eg:Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthelight?CouldyoudomethefavourtopickupSamfromschooltoday?She’snotinfavourwiththemediajustnow.9.beboundtodosth一定做某事；有责任或义务做某事beboundupinsth忙于某事；热衷于某事物beboundupwithsth与某事物关系密切beboundfor…去；准备去…eg:You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou’reboundtopasstheexam.Ifeelboundtotellyouthatyou’redrinkingtoomuch!Weareboundforhome.10.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.此句中的that引导的从句为同位语从句，that仅其连接作用，无意义。eq\o\ac(○,1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,fear等。eq\o\ac(○,2)同位语从句常用that引导，也可由连接代词who,what,whose,which，连接副词how,when,where,why或连词whether来引导。eg:Hehadnoideawhenshewouldcomeback.ThethoughtthatLaoLiwouldopenarestaurantinNewYorksurprisedhiswife.HegotamessagefromMrJohnsonthatthemanagercouldnotseehimthatafternoon.11.Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofthesameillness.本句中that引导的从句为表语从句，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，表语从句主要有以下两种类型：eq\o\ac(○,1)be+从句eq\o\ac(○,2)be以外的系动词(seem/look/appear/sound/taste/feel/remain等)+从句eg:Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.ItsoundsasifyouarefromCanada.练习：1.Thenewlaboratorieswillbeconstructedthisyear,andlocalfirmshavebeenaskedtothework.A.assignB.manufactureC.provideD.undertake2.Ienjoyedschool.ButIdidtohavingtogotoschooleverydayoncewe’vedoneallourexams.A.objectB.opposeC.turnD.help3.禁止践踏草地。4.孩子们不允许在河里游泳。5.她的快速痊愈也许归功于丈夫的精心照料。Sheprobablyherhusband’sdevotedcare.6.由于缺乏资金，该项目将中止。,theprojectwillnotcontinue.7.I’msorrytohaveyouwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.A.askedB.offendedC.impressedD.bothered8.SincemanyinsectshavealreadybecometoDDT,scientistshavetolookforsomenewinsecticide.A.activeB.resistantC.preferredD.tough9.Ourtroopsrecapturedthecity,buttheyaheavypriceforit.A.raisedB.liftedC.paidD.increased10.Manyyoungpeoplelefttheirhometownforbigcitiesbetterjobs.A.infavourofB.insearchofC.inchargeofD.inhonourof11.Hewhokeepsdoingevilistocometoruin.A.boundB.easyC.likelyD.accidental12.Hemustanswerthequestion（他是否同意）.13.（有消息传来说）awomaninthecapitaldiedoftheH5N1virus.14.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyisbecausehewasill.（改错）15.Ican’tunderstandistherearemoreandmorejunk-emailsontheInternet.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatUnit3Inventorsandinventionsdistinguish,convenient,bear,associate,callup,setabout,getthrough1.distinguishvi.&vt.辨别；显示…的差别distinguishbetween…and…区分/辨别…和…distinguish…from…使…有别于…；使…具有区别于…的特征bedistinguishedfor…因…而出名distinguishoneself(as…)（作为…）表现突出distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的distinguishableadj.易分辨的；能区分的distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用，tell也可表“辨认；辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。eg:Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.Ican’ttellthedifferencebetweentheusagesof“aboveall”and“firstofall”.2.convenientadj.方便的；便利的；附近的Itisconvenientforsbtodosth做某事对某人来说是方便的beconvenientto…到达某处很方便conveniencen.方便；便利；适宜；省事atone’sconvenience在方便的时候；在适宜的地方atyourearliestconvenience尽早forconvenience为了方便eg:Comebytopickmeupatyourconvenience.Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow?Pleasecomewheneveritisconvenienttoyou.注：convenient作表语时，捕能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，也不能用Itisconvenientofsbtodosth，只能用forsb。3.bear(bore,borne)vt.忍受；忍耐；负担用法beardoing/n./todo忍受…bearsb/sb’sdoing忍受某人做某事短语搭配bearsb/sthout证实；为…作证bearwithsb/sth耐心对待；容忍bearwithinmind牢记eg:Idoubtifthatchairwillbearyourweight.Shehasbornethreechildren.Hecan’tbearbeinglaughedat.=Hecan’tbeartobelaughedat.Youmustbearitinmindthatyourparentshopetodependonyoutobecomeagooddoctor.注：eq\o\ac(○,1)bear意为“忍耐；忍受”时，通常与can，could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词有：endure，tolerate，stand等。eq\o\ac(○,2)borne和born时bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。4.associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴associatesb/sthwithsb/sth把…和…联系在一起；由…联想到…beassociatedwith…和…有关associatewithsb与某人交往或常打交道associateoneselfwithsth声称或表示自己赞同某事物associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体inassociationwith…与…合伙/合作eg:I’veneverassociatedyouwiththisplace.Iwouldn’twanttobeassociatedwithMckey’sproject.Idon’tliketheselayaboutsyou’reassociatingwith.5.callup给…打电话；使想起（往事）callat拜访（某个地点）callin顺路（到某处）；找来，请来；收回calloff取消；停止callon/upon拜访（某人）；号召callfor需求；需要；去接（某人）callout大声喊叫；召集ring/callback回复电话ringoff挂断电话givesbaring给某人打电话sbbewantedonthephone有某人的电话answerthephone接电话hang/holdon不挂断电话辨析lookbackonsth/callup：前者当“回忆，记起”讲时，其主语一般为“人”；而后者的意思是“使…回忆起”，其主语为“物”。eg:Pleasecallmeupthisafternoon.Thesmelloftheseacalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.Lookingbackonit,Istillcan’tfigureoutwhatwentwrong.注：eq\o\ac(○,1)“拜访某人”可用如下说法：callonsb,dropinon/uponsb,payavisittosb,goonavisittosb,visitsb。“拜访某地”可用如下说法：callataplace,dropinataplace,payavisittoaplace,goonavisittoaplace,visitaplace。eq\o\ac(○,2)callup后的宾语如果是代词，则该代词应置于call与up之间；如果是具体的人或事物，则置于call与up之间或up之后皆可。6.setabout开始；着手setdown放下；记下；登记setaboutdoing…着手做某事setoff出发；使爆炸；引起；使(某人)开始(做某事)setup建立；竖立setback阻碍某事物发展；把（钟表指针）往回拨setaside把…置于一旁；留出besetin以…为背景setout(todo)开始做；出发；安排；摆设；陈述eg:Hesetabouthisworkassoonashehadfinishedhismeal.Thegirlattendanthassetaboutcleaningtheroom.Let’ssetasidemypersonalfeelingsfornow.7.getthrough设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过；度过getacross被理解；使人了解getdownto认真地静下心（工作）（to为介词）getover克服geton进展；进步getin收获getaround/round到处走东；传播出去gothrough检查；经历passthrough从…中穿过；走过…中lookthrough浏览；仔细查看seethrough看穿；识破livethrough活过（一段时间）；经过…后仍然活着breakthrough突破（障碍）eg:MrChenisgoingthroughthestudent’papers.ItriedtoringmygirlfriendbutIcouldn’tgetthrough.Yourmeaningdidn’treallygetacross.练习：1.“ChenYunlinhimselfduringthevisittoTaiwan,”WangYiremarked.A.recognizedB.provedC.testedD.distinguished2.I’mafraidthisisn’taverytime－couldyoucallbacklater?A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortable3.Wehavenovacancies(空职)now,butwe’llcertainlyyourapplicationinmind.A.hideB.bearC.standD.endure4.Hewishedtoforgeteverythingwithhisformerlifeandstartanewlife.A.joinedB.associatedC.buriedD.carried5.Withtheweatherworsening,theyhavetheflightfromLondontoBeijing.A.calledoffB.calledinC.calledoutD.calledfor6.Theboysstoppedanddiggingholestoplantthetrees.A.setoffB.setoutC.setaboutD.setup7.Theearthquakehasdestroyedmosthousesinthevillage.Howaretheygoingtothewinter?A.getonB.getacrossC.getoverD.getthrough8.---It’sagoodidea,butwho’sgoingtotheplan?---IthinkTomandGreywill.A.getthroughB.carryoutC.gothroughD.carryonUnit4Pygmalionhesitate,condemn,acquaintance,superior,compromise,intermsof,show…in…,fadeout1.hesitatevi.犹豫；踌躇hesitatetodosth迟疑做某事；不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/over(doing)sth(做)某事犹豫不决hesitateabout+疑问词+todosth做某事犹豫不决hesitationn.踌躇；犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫地havenohesitationindoingsth毫不犹豫地做某事eg:Don’thesitateaboutthat.Doitatonce.Don’thesitatetocontactmeifyouneedanymoreinformation.Iwouldhavenohesitationindecliningthepost.Withoutanyhesitation,MengXiangbinjumpedintotherivertosavethedrowningyoungwoman.2.condemnvt.谴责；使…注定condemnsb/sthfor/assth因…而谴责某人或某事condemnsbto…判处某人某种刑罚condemnsbtosth/todosth迫使…接受困境condemnableadj.该罚的；该受责备的condemnationn.定罪；谴责；指责condemnedadj.已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的eg:Mostpeoplewouldcondemnviolenceofanysort.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtobeshot.Thosewhocannotrememberthepastarecondemnedtorepeatit.3.acquaintancen.相识；了解；熟人makeone’sacquaintance结识某人maketheacquaintanceofsbcut/dropone’sacquaintancewithsb与某人绝交havenoacquaintancewith不熟悉；不了解haveanodding/bowingacquaintancewithsb与某人有点头之交acquaintv.使熟悉；使了解beacquaintedwith熟悉…；认识/了解eg:Ihavean(some)acquaintancewiththelanguage.Hewasmyclosestacquaintance.I’mpleasedtomakeyouracquaintance.注：acquaintance用作不可数名词时，表“熟悉；认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表“熟悉的人”。4.superioradj.优秀的；较高的；上级的n.上级；长官besuperiorto…比…优越（更好、强）beinferiorto…低于，不如…，在…之下beseniorto…比…年长（资深）bejuniorto…比…年轻（资浅）eg:I’llreportyoutoyoursuperiorofficer.Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.He’smyimmediatesuperior.5.compromisen.妥协；和解；折衷v.妥协；让步；违背；放弃reachacompromise达成协议makeacompromise做出让步compromiseone’sprinciples/beliefs/ideas违背原则/放弃信仰/背弃理想compromisewithsb与某人和解compromiseonsth以折衷方法解决争论、争端等eg:Afterlengthytalksthetwosidesfinallyreachedacompromise.Wearenotpreparedtocompromiseonsafetystandards.It’swiseofyoutocompromisewithher.6.intermsof…就…来说；从…角度cometotermswith达成协议；和好；接受；适应beongood/badterms关系良好/不好inthelong/shortterm就长远/短期而言inone’sterms在某人看来onequalterms在平等的条件下in+名词+of构成的短语：inmemoryof…为了纪念…inhonourof…为了向…表示尊敬incaseof以防；万一insearchof寻找inchargeof负责；管理inhopeof…怀着…希望inapprovalof称赞infavourof支持；有利于inplaceof代替inneedof需要eg:Intermsofnaturalresources,itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.Intheirterms,cuttinggovernmentspendingisthemostimportantthing.Hesaidthathewasingreatneedofmyassistant.7.show…in…带/领…进来showsbout领某人出去showsbinto领某人进入…showsbaround/round…领某人参观…showsbtothedoor送某人到门口showoff炫耀showup出席，到场onshow在展出eg:Thenurseshowedmeintotheroom.Ishowedtheforeignersaroundourschool.Whydidn’tyoushowuplastnight?8.fadeout（声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡fadeaway消失；逐渐减弱；褪色fadein淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)fadeup渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)dieaway指(声音)逐渐消逝diedown指(声音)逐渐减弱，衰弱eg:Thesoundhaddiedaway/fadedout.Itwasdarkandthenoisedieddown.Theshapesfadedawayintothenight.9.Whilewatching,hemakesnotes.此句为状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：Whileheiswatching,hemakesnotes.状eq\o\ac(○,1)主句主语和从句主语一致且语从句中谓语动词时be+v.-ed省略形式为从或v.–ing连词+v.-ed句/连词+v.-ing省eq\o\ac(○,2)从句为“Itis(was)+adj.”/连词+adj.略结构eg:Oncethetimeisset,itcannotbechanged.=Onceset,thetimecannotbechanged.WhenIwaswaitingforabus,ImetTom.=Whenwaitingforabus,ImetTom.Thoughhewasyoung,heknewalotofEnglish.=Thoughyoung,heknewalotofEnglish.练习：1.Suchislife－whetheryouareanantelopeoralion,yououghttodashforwardswithoutwhenthesunrises.A.hesitationB.suggestionC.discussionD.decision2.Hehesitatedhismotherwithhousework.A.tohelpingB.tohelpC.onhelpingD.onhelp3.Hisdisabledlegshimtoawheelchairallhislife.A.condemnedB.fastenedC.appliedD.cast4.Wehavebeenacquaintedeachotherforalongtime.A.overB.forC.byD.with5.Maryisnota(n),justa(n).A.friend;acquaintancesB.acquaintances;friendC.friend;acquaintanceD.acquaintance;friend6.Don’talwaysthinkyouyourselfaretotheothers;infactyouarejustanordinaryperson.A.inferiorB.superiorC.sensitiveD.sensible7.Theshort-answertestisakindofbetweenthecompositionandselectiontypes.A.mixtureB.collectionC.compoundD.compromise8.I’mgoodtermsMaryandsheismygoodfriend.A.on;/B./;withC.on;withD.with;on9.Itisunwisetoyourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthemanager.A.showinB.showoutC.showupD.showoff10.Whendaydawned,starsfromthesky.A.keptawayB.fadedoutC.fadedintoD.diedout11.Whenabouthisfutureplans,ZhangYimousaidthathisnextmoviewouldfollowamoderntheme.A.askingB.askedC.toaskD.beingasked12.---Howaretheygettingonwiththeirwork?---Allgoeswellas.A.tobeplannedB.beingplannedC.plannedD.planning13.,thediseasediphtheriawillproduceapowderpoisonthatwillkillthepatient.A.IfituntreatedB.IfisuntreatedC.IfbeinguntreatedD.Ifuntreated14.WhileasavolunteerattheBeijingOlympics,shemadefriendswiththefamoustennisplayer.A.beingservedB.servingC.havingservedD.servedUnit5Meetingyourancestorsalternative,interrupt,assume,arrest,regardlessof…,cutup,lookahead,fedupwith,ifonly+句子,haddone…when…1.alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象alternativeenergy替代能源analternativeto……的替代品havenoalternativebuttodosth别无选择只好做…Thereisnoalternative…别无选择辨析alternative/choice/selection：eq\o\ac(○,1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或行为方式之间进行的选择。如Anunhappyalternativeisbeforeyou.YourmotherwillneverseeyouagainifyoudonotmarryMrCollins,andIwillneverseeyouagainifyoudo.eq\o\ac(○,2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。如Thestoreoffersawidechoiceoffruitandvegetables.eq\o\ac(○,3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。如Parentsshouldbecarefulintheirselectionofthemoviestheiryoungchildrensee.eg:Youhavethealternativeofmarryingorremainingabachelor.Iofferedthealternativesuggestionsofspendingthevacationinthemountainsorbythesea.Doyouhaveanalternativesolutiontotheproblem?2.interruptvt.&vi.打断…讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruptsb打断某人讲话或正在做的事interruptionn.中断，打断withoutinterruption不间断地cut/breakinto…打断，插话put…in插嘴说，后接插入说的内容辨析interrupt/disturb：eq\o\ac(○,1)interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。eq\o\ac(○,2)disturb较正式用语，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，使程度较深的烦恼。eg:Don’tinterruptus;it’srude.I’msorrytointerruptyou,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothehospital?Whiletheboyswerediscussingthecaraccident,Benputinthattheroadwasicy.3.assumev.假定；设想；假装；承担assumesb/sthtobe假定/假设某人/某事为Itisassumedthat……被假定assumptionn.假定；假设makeanassumption认为；假定ontheassumptionthat假定assumingthat…假设/假定…辨析assume/guess/imagine：eq\o\ac(○,1)assume假设，设想，认为；指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。eq\o\ac(○,2)guess猜测，猜想，最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。eq\o\ac(○,3)imagine想像，指毫无根据、随意想像，可在脑海中构成清晰的明确的图像。eg:Ihadassumedhimtobeateacher.Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIassumedyou’dgoneout.Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.Thecourtassumedtheresponsibilityforthegirl’swelfare.注：在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。如consideringprep.&conj.“鉴于，考虑到”；includingprep.“包括，包含”；supposingconj.“假设，假如”；provided/providingconj.“假设，如果”；concerningprep.“关于”；givenprep.“鉴于，考虑到”。4.arrestn.逮捕；拘留vt.逮捕；吸引arrestsbfor因…而逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestone’sattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest进行拘捕eg:Hewasarrestedforstealingcars.Hewasplacedunderhousearrestin1995.Thepoliceexpectedtomakeanarrestsoon.5.regardlessof…不管，不顾regardlessof…不管，不顾侧重指不计后果或代价inspiteof=despite不管，不顾；尽管，虽然regardlessofinspiteof后不能直接跟从句，但可以接“thefactdespitethat…”eg:Theycontinuedtoworkregardlessofthefactthatitwasraining.Theydecoratedthehouseregardlessofcost.Allourproposalswererejected,regardlessoftheirmerits.6.cutup切碎，割碎；使伤心/难受cutintopieces砍成碎片cutin插嘴cutacross抄近路穿过；横越cutdown砍倒；缩减cut…inhalf/two/intohalves将…切成两半cutoff切断；割掉；截断（退路等）cutout切去，剪去，删去，略去cutthrough刺穿eg:Cutupthecarrotbeforeyouputthemintothepot.Thebabycannoteatthewholecake.Youhavetocutitup.Hewasreallycutupwhenallhisfriendsrefusedtohelphim.7.lookahead向前看；为将来打算lookaround/round仔细查看；寻找lookafter照料，照顾；关心；注意lookback回顾；回想lookdownupon/on歧视，看不起lookforwardto希望，盼望lookonsbas把某人看作（或当作）lookout当心；注意lookthrough浏览，仔细看lookup好转，有起色；向上看；查找lookupanddown上下打量eg:Lookingahead,youallwillhaveabrighterfuture.I’velookedthroughallmypapersbutIstillcan’tfindthecontract.Helookedaheadinordertofindhismother.8.fedupwith受够了；饱受；厌烦feedsb/sthonsth用…喂养…feedsthtosb/sth喂…给…befedup(with)讨厌；对…不感兴趣feedonsth（动物）以…为食；靠…活liveonsth以…为主食；靠…生活eg:Youcanfeedthesecarrotstotherabbits.Peopleherefeedonricechiefly.Youlookreallyfedup－what’sthematter?9.Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!“ifonly+句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望“要是…就好了/但愿…！”eq\o\ac(○,1)ifonly…could/would+do…表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)eq\o\ac(○,2)ifonly…did…表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。eq\o\ac(○,3)ifonly…haddone…表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。eg:IfonlyMarkwereherebymyside!Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!IfonlythewholefamilycouldbeunitedduringtheSpringFestival!注：注意区分ifonly与onlyif：onlyif是由only后接if条件从句构成，on