2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科普新知

2024年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科普新知题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。2阅读理解介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。3阅读理解介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。4阅读理解通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。5阅读理解介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilford得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。6阅读理解讲述了动物也会撒谎，撒谎可以帮助它们生存。7阅读理解讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃。8完形填空讲述了植物之间的交流方式。9语法填空介绍了中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。01（2023上·浙江·九年级期中）Whetheryellow,redorwhite,theonionisavegetablethatyoumaynotknowwell.Thelistofusesincookingforitisendless.Peoplehaveusedonionstoaddflavor(味道)totheirfoodsforthousandsofyears.Besidesonions’greattaste,theyareverygoodforyou.Theyhavespecialchemicals(化学物质)thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessandyouhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.Nomatterhowgoodonionsareforyou,itisdifficulttocutanonionwithoutyoureyesfillingwithtears!Whenyoucutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.Theytouchyourwholeevesandcausepain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.Luckily,cooksandscientistshavediscoveredsomewaystokeepyoufromcryingwhenyoucutuponions:●Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.Thewaterwillwashawaythechemicalsbeforetheycanreachyoureyes.●Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.Theairwillblowthechemicalsawayfromyoureyes.●Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.Thishelpsmakethechemicalsintheonionmoveslowly,sotheymaynoteverreachyoureyes.Ifyoutryoutthesegoodideasandstillcrywhilecuttingonions,don’tworry.Scientiststhinkifyoucutmoreonions,yourbodywillbecomemoreresilienttotheonion’schemicals.Sothetearswillnotlastlong.Ifyouthinkabouthowhealthyonionsare,youmightevencallthosetears“happytears”.1．Whycanonionshelpyoufightoffsickness?A．Becausetheyhavedifferentcolors. B．Becausetheyhavemanyusesincooking.C．Becausetheyhavegreattaste. D．Becausetheyhavespecialchemicals.2．Whydoyoureyesmaketearswhenyoucutonions?A．Toimprovephysicalcondition. B．Topreventcommondiseases.C．Towashawayirritatingchemicals. D．Tocauseterriblepain.3．Whatcanyoudotostopcryingaccordingtothetext?①Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.②Useafantoblowairovertheonionwhilecutting.③Covertheonionwithapieceofclothasyoucutit.④Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④4．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthetext?A．LifeandHealth. B．LanguageandCulture.C．BusinessWorld. D．NationalNews.02（2022上·四川遂宁·九年级统考期末）It’ssaidthatChinauses45billionpairsofchopsticksayear.Here’ssomeinformationaboutchopstick’shistory.Chopstickshavealonghistoryofmorethan3,000yearsinChina.TherecordedhistoryofchopsticksisasearlyastheShangDynasty(1600-1046BC).AccordingtoanarticleaboutChinesehistory,theemperoroftheShangDynasty(商朝)usedchopsticksmadeofivory.Legends(传说)abouthowchopstickswereinvented▲OneisaboutJiangZiya.Hewastoldbyabirdtousebamboostickstopickupmeat.Whensmokecamefrombamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtousepoisonous(有毒的)foodtokillhim.▲AnotherisaboutDaJi.SheusedtopleaseEmperorZhoubypickinguphotmeatwithhairsticks.▲ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.Heinventedwoodenchopstickstopickuphotfoodtosavetimeoverthemealwhilepreparingforfloodcontrolwork(控制洪水).Materialsofchopsticks●Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisnotexpensive,easy-to-get,resistant(有抵抗力的)toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.●Wood:Cedar,sandalwood,teakandpinehavealsobeenused.●Jade(玉、翡翠)andmetal:Inthepast,thewealthypeoplehadchopsticksmadeofjade.Peoplealsousedsomemetalssuchasgoldandsilvertomakechopsticks.●Porcelain(瓷器)andplastic:Thesetwomaterialsareusedinmoderntimesbecauseofthedevelopmentoftechnology.5．Howmanylegendsarementioned(被提到)inthepassage?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.6．WhowantedtokillJiangZiyaaccordingtothepassage?A．DaJi. B．DaYu. C．Theemperor. D．Hiswife.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“odor”probablymeaninChinese?A．硬度 B．触觉 C．气味 D．视觉8．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhybambooisusedtomakechopsticks?A．Bambooisresistanttoheat. B．Bamboogrowsfasteverywhere.C．Bambooisnotexpensivetoget. D．Bamboodoesn’ttasteterrible.9．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Totellussomelegendsofusingchopsticks.B．Toexplainwhychopsticksarepopular.C．Totellushowtousechopstickstoeatmeals.D．Totellussomeinformationaboutchopsticks.03（2022上·安徽六安·九年级统考期末）Weallknowthestrangefeelingofwatchingthetimechangeonaclock.Youneverseeitchangebecausethehandsmovesoslowly.Butofcourse,thetimeischangingallthetime.Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobenoticed.Overmanythousandsofyears,though,hugechangesarepossible.Forexample,thehumanbraintripled(三倍)insizeandbegantothinkmore.Ourfacesbecameflatter(平坦的).Ifourheadsbecamelargerinthepast,howwillthingschangeinthefuture?Unlikethechangesofaclockface,thechangesinhumanfacesareverydifficulttopredict(预测).Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhichwecannowcontrolpartsofnature.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecanactivelychoosewaysforourownevolution(进化).Justafewhundredyearsago,mosthumanswereworkinginthefields,whereasnowadaysmoreandmorepeoplereceiveeducation.Thesearejustpredictions,andnoonecanbesurehowhumanbeingswillbecomeinthefuture.Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookverydifferentinthefuture.10．Thechangesofhumanarehardlynoticedbecause________.A．humanfacesneverchange B．thehumanbrainbecomesbiggerC．thechangestakeplacetooslowly D．weneverthinkaboutthechanges11．Thethirdparagraphtellsus________.A．humanfacescan’tbecontrolledbyusB．humanfacesusedtobechangedbynatureC．itiseasytopredictthechangesinhumanchangesD．humancan’tchangethesizeofthebraininthefuture12．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.A．thepredictionswillsurelybetrue B．peopleinthepastlikedtobeeducatedC．futurehumansmusthavelargerheads D．humanswillnotlookthesameastoday04（2022上·浙江宁波·九年级统考期末）InthestorySnowWhite,thejealousqueendecidestogetridofSnowWhiteonceandforallwithanappledippedindeadlypoison(毒药).Thankstosomehelpfuldwarfsandahandsomeprince,SnowWhiterecovers(恢复).Butthequeendidn’tneedtogotoallthattrouble.Infact,apples,alongwithmanycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!Butdon’tworry—itwon’tharmyou.It’sonlytheseedsyouneedtoavoid.AppletreesbelongtoaplantfamilycalledPrunus(蔷薇科树).Thisgroupalsoincludespeaches,cherriesandsoon.Theseedsandpits(果核)ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin(苦杏仁苷).Insideananimal’sstomach,amygdalinturnsintoastrongpoisoncalledcyanide(氰化物).Andcyanidecanmakepeopleandanimalsverysick,orevenkillthem.Still,don’tworryifyouaccidentallyswallowafewappleseeds.Eachseedhasonlyaverytinyamountofpoison.You’dhavetoeatalargebowlfulofseedstofeelanyeffect.Andyou’dneedtochewthemwell—thehard,shinyshellsofappleseedskeepthepoisonlockedinside.Unchewedseedsusuallypassrightthroughandcomeoutwholeinyourpoop(粪便).Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsickfromeatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.Whywouldatreemakepoisonedseeds?Tostopanimalsfromnibblingonthem!Amygdalintastesterrible.It’salsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeerorcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandanupsetstomach.Animalssoonlearntoleavethosetreesalone.Thanks,amygdalin!13．WhydoesthewritermentionthestoryofSnowWhiteinthefirstparagraph?A．Toamusethereaders. B．Toprovideanexample.C．Toexpressanopinion. D．Toleadintothetopic.14．Accordingtothepassage,amygdaliniscontainedin______.A．A B．B C．C D．D15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nibble”meaninparagraphfour?A．pollute B．touch C．break D．eat16．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A．Atreemakespoisonedseedstoprotectitself.B．There’stinyamountofpoisonineachappleseed.C．It’snotharmfulforanimalstochewupseedswithfruit.D．It’sjustOKtoswallowseveralseedswithoutchewingup.05（2023上·浙江温州·九年级校考竞赛）Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.P.Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle(九点谜题).Heaskedtheparticipants(参与者)toconnectallninedotsusingonlyfourstraightlines,withoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.Alltheparticipantslookedforsolutionswithinthesquaretheyimagined.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutofthesquareandcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacearoundthedots,whiletherestofthemwereblindedbytheboundaries(边界)ofthesquare.TheresultsofGuilford’sstudyledhimtoaconclusion:creativityneedsyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawaswidelyspreadsoon.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothinkoutsidethebox.Theideawassopopularthatnoonethoughtofcheckingthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferentresearchteams—ClarkeBurmhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg—didanotherexperiment.TomakesurethatGuilford’sstudyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwogroups.ThefirstgroupwasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford’sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthelinesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Onlyalittlemorethan20percentsolvedthepuzzle,whichisnobigdifferencefromtheresultofGuilford’sexperiment.Let’slookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletothinkoutsidethebox.However,directandclearinstructionsto“thinkoutsidethebox”donothelpparticipantsimprovetheirperformance.Thewidelyspreadideathatout-of-the-boxthinkingmakespeoplemorecreativecan,insomeway,bedangerous.Afterall,withonesimplebutbrilliantexperiment,researchershadprovedthattheconnectionbetweenthinkingoutsidetheboxandcreativitywasamisunderstanding.17．Thenine-dotpuzzlestudyismainlyfocusedon________.A．howpeopledothingsinreallife B．whatpeopleseeintheexperimentC．howpeoplethinkindifferentways D．whatknowledgepeoplehavelearned18．Whydidthetworesearchteamsdothefollowingexperiment?A．TodiscoverthemainideaofGuiford’sstudy. B．ToshowdifferentviewsagainstGuiford’sstudy.C．TocollectsupportingdetailsforGuiford’sstudy. D．Todouble-checkthecorrectnessofGuiford’sstudy.19．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________.A．boundariessometimesmakepeoplethinklesscreativelyB．clearinstructionsinfluencehowpeoplesolveproblemsC．fewpeopleperformedbetterwiththeclearinstructionsD．themethodsofnine-dotpuzzlestudyneedtobeimproved20．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PuzzleSolving:AKeyToCreativity B．Nine-DotPuzzle:AMagicTestC．ThinkingOutsidetheBox:AMisleadingIdea D．CreativeThinking:AnUnusualTopic06（2023上·浙江温州·九年级校联考阶段练习）①Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.②Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredatorgetsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.③Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.④Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon’tmakenests.Buttheygetintootherbirds’nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.⑤Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.⑥Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood.⑦Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan’tfoolMotherNature.”Butmaybeyoucan’ttrusther,either.21．Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby________.A．gettingclosertoitsyoung B．drivingawaytheadultpredatorC．leavingitsyounginanothernest D．pretendingtohaveawound22．By“Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky”(Paragraph⑤),theauthormeans________.A．chimpsarealwayshonest B．chimpsaresometimesdishonestC．chimpsarereadytofightothers D．chimpscanbeselfish23．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.B．Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner’shand.C．Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.D．Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.24．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive? B．Doanimalslie?C．DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals? D．Howdoanimalslearntolie?07（2022上·山东烟台·九年级统考期末）Thesedays,wearingafacemask(口罩)isacommonthingtodo,andithelpspreventdiseasesduringCOVID-19.However,thatalsomeanssingle-usefacemasks,gloves,andotherPPEarethenewestformsofrubbishoncitystreets,beaches,andintheocean.Thisisbadforall,andtherearemanyreasons.Andoneoftheworstonesisthatthelitteredfacemaskscanseriouslyhurtanimals.AshleyFruno,amemberofananimalrightsgroupsaid,“Facemasksaren’tgoingawaysoon.”Sowhenwethrowthemaway,theycanbebadfortheenvironmentandtheanimalsthatliveonthesameplanetasus.Monkeyshavebeenfoundbitingthestraps(带子)ofusedmasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia’scapitalKualaLumpur.Thismaymakethemlosetheirbreathorevendie.InBritain,aseabird’slegshavebeenfoundtangled(缠住)inthestrapsofamaskforuptoaweek.Itwasapainfulexperiencefortheseabird.It’shardtobelievethatfacemasksthatoncesavedpeople’slivesarenowkillingwildanimals.Alargenumberoffacemasksaremovingtothelivingplacesofanimals.Ifyouwearasingle-usefacemask,makesureofthrowingitawayproperly.Neverlitteritontheground,orthrowitawayoutside,asthewindcouldblowitaway.Pleasedon’tletthemasksbecomeanight-mareforwildlife.Thankyoufordoingyourparttokeepallanimalssafe!25．Whichofthefollowingbelongstothenewestformsofrubbishaccordingtothepassage?①single-usefacemasks②single-usegloves③single-useplastics④single-usecupsA．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．①②26．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A．Peoplewillstopwearingfacemasksinrecentyears.B．Facemaskscanbeblowntoafarplaceinashorttime.C．Facemaskscanbemadeintootherthingssoon.D．Ittakesalongtimeforfacemaskstodisappear.27．Howdoesthewritershowtheharmoflitteredfacemasksonanimals?A．Bygivingreasons. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Byaskingquestions.28．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A．Animalsliketoplaywithmasks.B．Facemasksareonlybadforanimals.C．Facemaskscanbeburiedundertheground.D．Whetherfacemasksaregoodornotdependsonhowpeopledealwiththem.29．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A．Inastorybook. B．Inatravelguide.C．Inasportsnewspaper. D．Inanenvironmentalmagazine.08（2022上·安徽六安·九年级统考期末）Canplantstalk?Modemresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:theydo30witheachother.Ithasbeenknownthatplantsusechemicals(化学物质)tocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappens31aplantgetsattacked(攻击)byinsects.Theplant32chemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp.Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsownchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattract(吸引)the33.Thebeeskilltheinsects.More34,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanconnectnearlyevery35inaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebconnectsdifferentplantstoeachother.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscan36informationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,someplantsmayuseitto37chemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelp38theseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.Scientistsarestudyingtolearnmoreaboutthesecret39plantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughabouttheircommunicationsothatweareableto“talk”withthemourselves.30．A．agree B．fight C．communicate D．grow31．A．and B．when C．or D．so32．A．givesup B．givesin C．givesout D．givesaway33．A．bees B．rabbits C．bears D．lions34．A．heavily B．smoothly C．usually D．surprisingly35．A．animal B．plant C．wood D．flower36．A．search B．receive C．share D．collect37．A．spread B．sell C．store D．trade38．A．start B．plan C．lead D．stop39．A．voices B．words C．ways D．languages09（2022上·山东淄博·九年级统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。InWesterncountries,peopleareusedtodrinkingcoldwaterwhenthey’re40(thirst).Andtheyalwaysreceiveaglassofcoldwateralongsidetheirmealsatarestaurant.41inChinawewouldgetacupofsteaminghotwaterorteainstead.Wedrinkhotwaterinfour42(season),nomatterwhattheweatherislike.It’ssaidthatChinesepeople43(drink)hotwatersincethousandsofyearsago.Beforethe44(twenty)centurydrinkinghotwaterwasthemaintreatment,especiallyduringwars.Anddrinkingraw(生的)waterwasasymbol45lowsocialstatus(地位).Thescholarsandrichpeoplealwaysdranktea.Later,teabecamearare(稀有的)productafteryearsofwar,sothey46(natural)gotintothehabitofdrinkingboiledwater.AccordingtoChinesemedicine,ourbodyhastwosourcesofenergy—YinandYang.IfYangbecomestoostrong,ourbodytemperaturewillgoup.Wefeel47(comfortable)andmaygetillnesses.Therefore,wehavetoreturnourbodytobalance.HotwaterisaYinbeverage,sowhenwe’resick,peoplearounduswilltellustodrinkalotofhotwater.Inwinter,itisknowntobegoodtodrinkhotdrinksjust48(avoid)catchingcold.SoifaforeignerinChinaasksforwater,there’sagoodchancethatheorshewill49(give)acupofhotwater.参考答案：1．D2．C3．B4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。1．细节理解题。根据“Theyhavespecialchemicals(化学物质)thatimproveyourabilitytofightoffsicknessandyouhavefewerchancesofgettingadisease.”可知，洋葱能帮你战胜疾病是因为它们含有特别的化学物质。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Whenyoucutintoanonion,irritatingchemicalsinsidetheonionwillgetintotheair.Theytouchyourwholeevesandcausepain.Youreyesmaketearstowashawaythechemicalsandprotectyoureyes.”可知，当你切洋葱时，洋葱内部的刺激性化学物质会进入空气中。它们会触摸你的整个眼睛，引起疼痛。你的眼睛会分泌眼泪来洗掉化学物质，保护你的眼睛。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“●Cuttheonionunderrunningwater.●Useafantoblowairovertheonionasyoucutit.●Puttheonioninafridgeforanhourbeforecutting.”可知，可以在流水下切洋葱；切洋葱时，可以用电风扇在上面吹气；也可以把洋葱放在冰箱里一小时后再切。故选项①②④符合题意，故选B。4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。由此可推测出，我们可以在杂志的生活与健康栏看到这篇文章。故选A。5．A6．D7．C8．B9．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。5．细节理解题。根据“OneisaboutJiangZiya.”，“AnotherisaboutDaJi.”和“ThethirdoneisaboutDaYu.”可知，文中一共提到了三个有关于筷子的传说。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据“Whensmokecamefrombamboosticks,hefoundoutthathiswifewantedtousepoisonous(有毒的)foodtokillhim”可知，想杀姜子牙的人是他的妻子。故选D。7．词句猜测题。根据“…ortaste”可知，空处的单词和taste“味道”是并列关系，由此可推知odor的含义是“气味”。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“Bamboohasbeenthemostpopularmaterialusedforchopsticksbecauseitisinexpensive,easy-to-get,resistant（有抵抗力的）toheat,andhasnoterribleodorortaste.”可知，竹子用来做筷子的原因有：价格便宜、易获得、耐热，并且没有糟糕的气味或味道。选项B“竹子长得很快”不是用来做筷子的原因。故选B。9．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。因此可推知本文的写作目的是给我们介绍一些和筷子有关的信息。故选D。10．C11．B12．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。10．细节理解题。根据“Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobenoticed.”可知，人脸，就像钟面一样，也在变化，像时钟一样，这些变化发生得太慢以至于无法被注意到，即因为人脸变化的太慢，所以变化几乎没有被注意到。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据“Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthewayinwhichwecannowcontrolpartsofnature.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,allchangeswerenatural,butnowwecanactivelychoosewaysforourownevolution.”可知，数十万年前，所有的变化都是自然的，可推测人脸过去是自然变化的。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据“Butwithsuchhugechangesinourenvironment,itseemslikelythatwewilllookverydifferentinthefuture.”可知，随着我们的环境发生巨大的变化，人类看起来会和现在不一样。故选D。13．D14．B15．D16．C【导语】本文主要通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。13．细节理解题。根据“Infact,apples,alongwithmanycommonfruitsweeatarealreadypoisonous!”可知这里通过白雪公主的故事，来引出苹果有毒的话题。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据“Theseedsandpits(果核)ofallthesefruitscontainachemicalcalledamygdalin(苦杏仁苷).”可知苦杏仁苷存在于蔷薇科树的种子和果核中。因此图中果核部分含有苦杏仁苷。故选B。15．词义猜测题。根据“Amygdalintastesterrible.It’salsofoundinleavesandotherpartsoffruittrees.Ifadeerorcowchewsonappleleaves,itgetsanastytasteandanupsetstomach.”。可知植物含有苦杏仁苷是为了防止动物吃掉它们，因此划线单词的意思是吃。故选D16．细节理解题。根据“Butcowsandotheranimalsoftenchewupseedsalongwiththefruit,sotheycangetsickfromeatingapplesandplumsthatfalltotheground.”可知如果动物吃了果核和种子会生病。因此C选项是不正确的。故选C。17．C18．D19．C20．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilford得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。17．细节理解题。根据“Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.P.Guilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle(九点谜题).”可知，“九点谜题”这项研究主要关注的是人们是如何用不同的方法思考的，故选C。18．细节理解题。根据“TomakesurethatGuilford’sstudyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwogroups.”可知，这两支研究队做实验的目的是为了再次验证Guiford研究的正确性，故选D。19．推理判断题。根据“Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthelinesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Onlyalittlemorethan20percentsolvedthepuzzle,whichisnobigdifferencefromtheresultofGuilford’sexperiment.”可知，就算有明确的指示，第二队也只有20%多一点点的人解决了这个谜题，换句话说，即使有明确的指示也几乎没有人做的更好，故选C。20．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilford得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。所以选项C“跳出思维定势：一个误导性的想法”是最好的标题，故选C。21．D22．B23．D24．B【导语】本文主要讲述了动物也会撒谎，撒谎可以帮助它们生存。21．细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话“Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.”可知啄木鸟保护孩子不受猎食动物侵害是通过假装受伤，故选D。22．词句猜测题。根据第五段的最后一句“Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.”（一个输了的大猩猩抓住获胜的大猩猩的手又开始打斗了）可知，这句话的意思是大猩猩也可能不诚实，故选B。23．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood.”可知，一些大猩猩放低它们的叫声，这样让别的大猩猩得不到食物，故选D。24．主旨大意题。根据全篇文章的内容和第一段第二行的句子“Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?”可知这篇文章讲的是动物也会撒谎，故选B。25．D26．D27．C28．D29．D【导语】本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃。25．细节理解题。根据“thatalsomeanssingle-usefacemasks,gloves,andotherPPEarethenewestformsofrubbishoncitystreets,beaches,andintheocean.”可知一次性口罩、手套和其他个人防护装备是最新的垃圾形式。故选D。26．词句猜测题。根据“Facemasksaren’tgoingawaysoon”可知口罩不会很快消失，即要花费很长时间才能消失。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据“Monkeyshavebeenfoundbitingthestraps(带子)ofusedmasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia’scapitalKualaLumpur...InBritain,aseabird”可知作者通过猴子和海鸟的例子讲述了乱扔口罩对动物的危害。故选C。28．推理判断题。根据“Thesedays,wearingafacemask(口罩)isacommonthingtodo,andithelpspreventdiseasesduringCOVID-19”以及“Pleasedon’tletthema