Unit4FriendsForeverUsinglanguage定语从句导学案高中英语

定语从句

AttributiveClause1.Lucyismyfriendwhohasahearingproblem.2.Lucyisasmartgirlwhoseideasarealwaysinspiring.3.IsometimeshaveproblemswhichIcan’tsolve.4.LucyisagoodlistenerthatIenjoysharingmomentsofmylifewith.5.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.6.Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.定语从句是用来充当____定语___的___句子___，它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词，我们称名词、代词为_______先行词_______。定语从句位于被修饰的名词、代词之后。先行词与定语从句之间往往有一个____关系词____将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，关系词可分为两种：____关系代词______和_____关系副词_______.常见的关系代词有：__________whowhomwhosethatwhich_,常见的关系副词有：___________whenwherewhy_____________关系代词（在从句中做主语和宾语）which/that修饰物（从句缺主语，宾语）1.Thebagismine.2.Thebagisonthedesk.Thebag___which/that_____isonthedeskismine.who/that修饰人（从句缺主语，宾语）1.Theboyisstandingthere.2.Theboyismybrother.Theboy_____who/that_____isstandingthereismybrother.★定语从句用that不用which的情况根本原则：先行词是特指时：that先行词是泛指时：which当先行词是everything，anything,nothing,all,none,few,some等不定代词时或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,each,both,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。

2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

eg:Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefoodandwater.

3.当先行词由thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时。

eg:ThisistheverybookthatIwant.先行词既包含人又包含物。

eg：Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.

5.关系代词在定语中做表语时。

eg:Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.

6.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时。

eg:Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate.

WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost?★定语从句用which不用that的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isverypopularallovertheworld.2.当关系代词前有介词时。ThisisthehouseinwhichMoYanoncelived.3.当先行词本身就是that时。Thatwhichyoutoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系词是that,那么另一从句的关系词宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.who和whom（who的宾格）的区别（从句缺主语，宾语）1.Theboyisstandingthere.2.Theboyismybrother.Theboy____who/that_____isstandingthereismybrother.1.Themanismycousin.2.Youmetthemanyesterday.Theman___who/that/whom_____youmetyesterdayismycousin.★定语从句用who不用that的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one,ones,anyone,noone,nobody,anybody,none,all等。在therebe结构中，先行词指人时。Thereisayoungladywhoisinastateofshock.有位年轻女士休克了。当先行词是those且指人时。Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromarethosewhograduatedfromfamousuniversities.一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，若其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,则另一个定语从句的关系词宜用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.whose（只要能翻译成……的）（在从句中修饰名词，作定语，先行词指人和物皆可。）Isawsomeoldbuildings____________windowswereallbroken.Theprizewillgotothewriter__________storyshowsthemostimagination.Don'tgetclosetothehouse____________roofisbeingrepaired.关系副词when(时间），where（地点），why(原因）（在从句中作状语）It's1995_____________JackwenttoBeijing.It's1995___________JackwenttoBeijingin.Thisistheroom____________Ilived.Thisistheroom______________Ilivedin.★一些表示虚拟地点的先行词用where来连接定语从句condition,situation,case,circumstance,state,scene,atmosphere,point,position…表情形、情况、场合、火候介词+which（物），介词+whom（人）（在从句中作状语）Itisthecountry_______________silkwasfirstinventedin.Itisthecountry________________silkwasfirstinvented.Heisaman________________Chinacanbeproudof.Heisaman________________Chinacanbeproud.It'stheyear_______________Iwasbornin.It'stheyear_______________Iwasborn.七、定语从句省略关系词的情况

1.先行词在从句中做宾语时2.theway+定语从句八、Nondefiningattributiveclauses（非限制性定语从句）（一般由which,who等引导）非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别1.形式：非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开。Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismybrother.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.2.翻译：翻译不同。限制性定语从句翻译成定语，非限制性定语从句翻译成两个独立的句子。Theoldladyhasasonwhoworksasadoctor.Theoldladyhasason,whoworksasadoctor.3.用法：大多数用法一样，部分有区别。在非限制性定语从句中的用法有：①非限制性定语从句关系词不能用that/why，非限制性定语从句的引导词一般为which,who等。Ilikethegirl,whoisstandingthere.Iloveyourbook,whichisagrammarbook.②作宾语时关系代词不能省略。③as的用法（句子缺成分，先行词是物，as翻译成正如）。经常出现在下列固定搭配中：asisoftenthecaseasisshownasisreported asissaidaboveaswasexpected asisknowntousallaswasdiscovered④which可以指代前面一整句话。Hestolemybag,whichmademeangry.练习：1.________isexpected,theBrazailteamwonthefootballmatch.（）A.ItB.WhichC.WhatD.As2.________,thepasswasfirstinventedinChina.（）A．ItisknowntoallB．ItisknownthatC．WeallknowD．Asisknowntoall3.Someoftheroadswereflooded,________madeourjourneymoredifficult．（）A．whichB．itC．whatD．that4.Asweallknow,thesunisthenearesttous.1.____isknown,theearthmovesaroundthesun.2.____isknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.3.__________isknowntoallisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.★非限制性定语从句中，介词后可跟关系词which/