第04讲 阅读理解之判断正误（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（解析版）

►第04讲阅读理解之判断正误（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析中考阅读理解说明文考情分析三阅读判断的考向细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题4.提升必考题型归纳四真题感悟中考阅读判断经典考题精选【复习目标】1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构2.明确命题规律和提问方式3.掌握不同题型的解题方法【考情分析】阅读判断命题规律正误判断题主要考察学生阅读分析、理解、应用和判断的能力，要求根据文章内容对所给句子即题干，做出正误判断。此类题型往往依托短文内容进行发挥，或者给出意思相近或相反的几个句子要求辨别正误判断题主要考察学生阅读分析、理解、应用和判断的能力，要求根据文章内容对所给句子即题干，做出正误判断。此类题型往往依托短文内容进行发挥，或者给出意思相近或相反的几个句子要求辨别、判断，或者变换词语、句子结构来考查同一意思的不同表达。设题：以细节理解题为主，主旨大意题和推理判断题为辅。【名师解难】做这种阅读理解题道先通读全文，把握大意。然后阅读所给题干，再读原文，在文中找出对应的词句。在对句子进行判断时，建议使用对照法，即将原文中与题干意思相近的句子或段落找出来，与题干一一对照，详细区分，切不可片面理解，更不可想当然。对于简单明了的文章，要注意其首尾句，以及表明文章主旨的中心句、关键语等。对读了一遍意思还不够明了的文章，我们除了要了解全文，弄清人物、地点、时间、原因等要点外，还要仔细推敲复杂的句子，弄清句子及全文的意思。阅读判断答题技巧判断正误型题目往往是从文中提取出一个句子，通过对其细节的修改或说法的改变或同义的转换而让做题者判断该说法是否符合文意。本题型共分为三大类，即细节理解型、推理判断型、主旨大意型。类型特点答题技巧细节理解型题干与原文在细节或语句方面都是截然相同或相反。常考细节有时间、地点、人物、所发生的事件以及起修饰作用的词等。根据题干关键词找到文中的原句，对比题干的细节与原文是否一致。只有完全符合文章意思的句子方可判定为正确。那些基本意思相符，仍有某一点不符的应判定为错误。推理判断型题干与原文不完全一致，需要通过分析原文和题干，间接推断题干与原文是否一致。定要从文章的具体段落和句子中找到依据，并进行认真比较分析，不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。主旨大意型该类型往往考查对全文的把握，断章取义、以偏概全是常犯的错误。阅读文章时应主要捕捉内容要点，掌握主旨和作者意图，不要过分推敲语言点，否则难以作出正确的判断。答题步骤：答题第一步：浏览题干，标注定位词。答题第二步：通读全文，了解大意，标注与题干相关的关键词。答题第三步：跳读关键词所在的句子，将题干与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。答题第四步：无法直接从定位句找到答案的题目，需综合全文进行推断，得出答案。答题第五步：复读全文，检查答案。答题第六步：核对答案，反思错题。（一）（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中校考模拟预测）根据短文内容，判断正误（正确的填“T”，错误的填“F”），并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。EarthDayisonApril22ndeveryyear.EarthDayisadaytoremembertotakecareofourplanet,Earth.Wecantakecareofourplanetbykeepingitclean.WecankeepEarthcleanbyfollowingtheruleof“reduce,reuse,recycle”.Reducemeansuseless.Wecanreduceouruseofthingslikewaterorgasoline.Reusemeansuseagain,ratherthanthrowthingsaway.Wecanreusemanythings,suchasplasticbagsandboxes.Recyclemeanstomakesomethingnewfromsomethingold.WecankeepEarthcleanbyrecyclingmaterialssuchaspaper,woodandplastic.Ifwetakethesematerialstoarecyclingcenter,theycanbeusedagaininadifferentway.OnEarthDay,weremindourselvesandeveryoneonEarththatwemustdothesethings.Wemustdothesethingseveryday,notjustonEarthDay.Wemustalldoourpart,andwecanmakeadifference.OnApril22nd,remindeveryoneyouknowthateverydayisEarthDay!1．April22ndisadaytoremembertotakecareofourplanet.2．InordertokeepEarthclean,there’sarulewemustfollow.3．Reusemeanstomakesomethingnewfromsomethingold.4．Wecanrecyclesomematerialsandusetheminadifferentway.5．WeneedtodoeverythingwecantokeepEarthcleanonlyonEarthDay.【答案】1．T2．F3．F4．T5．F【导语】本文主要介绍了地球日。1．细节理解题。根据“EarthDayisonApril22ndeveryyear.EarthDayisadaytoremembertotakecareofourplanet,Earth.”可知，4月22日是一个需要记住照顾我们星球的日子。故选T。2．细节理解题。根据“WecankeepEarthcleanbyfollowingtheruleof‘reduce,reuse,recycle’.”可知，我们可以通过遵循“减少、再利用、再循环”的规则来保持地球清洁。不止一个规则。故选F。3．细节理解题。根据“Reusemeansuseagain,ratherthanthrowthingsaway.”可知，重复使用意味着再次使用，而不是用旧的东西制作新的东西。故选F。4．细节理解题。根据“Ifwetakethesematerialstoarecyclingcenter,theycanbeusedagaininadifferentway.”可知，我们可以回收一些材料，并以不同的方式使用它们。故选T。5．细节理解题。根据“Wemustdothesethingseveryday,notjustonEarthDay.”可知，我们每天都应该做保护环境的事情，而不是只在地球日去做。故选F。（二）（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）根据短文内容判断对错，对的选“T”，错的选“F”。Thebeaver（河狸）ismainlyfoundinNorthAmerica.Itisaboutthreeandahalffeetlong,includingthetail,whichisafootinlength.Beaversbuildthemselvesthemostlovelyhuts（小屋）tolivein,andquiteoftenagreatnumberofthesehutsareplacedclosetogether,likethebuildingsinatown.Theyalwaysbuildtheirhutsonthebanks（岸）ofriversorlakes,astheyswimmuchmoreeasilythantheywalk,andprefermovingaboutinthewater.Whentheybuildonthebankofarunningstream,theymakeadam（堤坝）acrossthestreamforthepurposeofkeepingthewaterattheheighttheywish.Thesedamsareusuallymadeofmud,stonesandthebranchesoftrees.Theyaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlengthandarebuiltsowellthattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittleanimals.Theirhutsaremadeofthesamematerialasthedamsandareroundinshape.Theystartbuildingtheirhouseslateinthesummerbutdonotgetthemfinishedbeforetheearlyfrost（霜冻）.Thecoldweathermakesthemtighterandstronger.Thefur（毛皮）ofthebeaverishighlyprized.Ahunter（猎人）oncesawfiveyoungbeaversplaying.Theywerejumpingonthebranchesofatreethatlaynearabeaverdamandpushingoneanotheroffintothewater.Hemovedforwardveryslowlyandwasabouttoshootatthelittleanimals.Buttheirfunnytricksremindedhimsomuchofhislittlechildrenathomethathethoughtitwouldbecrueltokillthem.Sothegentlemanleftthemquietly.6．NorthAmericaishometothebeaver.7．Beaversusuallybuildtheirhutsinthewater.8．Beaversdon’tgettheirhutsfinisheduntiltheearlyfrostappearsbecausetheyareafraidofhotweather.9．Fromthepassage,wecantellbeaversaregoodatbuildinghuts.10．Thehunterdidn’tkillthefiveyoungbeaversbecausehethoughtitwascrueltokilltheselovelyones.【答案】6．T7．F8．F9．T10．T【导语】本文主要介绍了河狸的相关信息。6．细节理解题。根据“Thebeaver（河狸）ismainlyfoundinNorthAmerica.”可知，河狸主要分布在北美。故答案为T。7．细节理解题。根据“Theyalwaysbuildtheirhutsonthebanks（岸）ofriversorlakes”可知，河狸总是把小屋建在河边或湖边，不是在水里。故答案为F。8．细节理解题。根据“Theystartbuildingtheirhouseslateinthesummerbutdonotgetthemfinishedbeforetheearlyfrost（霜冻）.Thecoldweathermakesthemtighterandstronger.”可知，河狸在夏末开始建造房子，但在早霜之前不会完工。寒冷的天气使它们变得更紧实更强壮，不是因为害怕热天气。故答案为F。9．推理判断题。根据“Beaversbuildthemselvesthemostlovelyhuts（小屋）tolivein,andquiteoftenagreatnumberofthesehutsareplacedclosetogether,likethebuildingsinatown.”及“Theirhutsaremadeofthesamematerialasthedamsandareroundinshape.”可知，河狸很擅长盖小屋。故答案为T。10．细节理解题。根据“Buttheirfunnytricksremindedhimsomuchofhislittlechildrenathomethathethoughtitwouldbecrueltokillthem.Sothegentlemanleftthemquietly.”可知，猎人没有杀死这五只小河狸，因为他认为杀死这些可爱的河狸是残忍的。故答案为T。（三）（2023·吉林松原·统考模拟预测）Strawberrieslooknice,butalightpressurecanmakethemoutofshape.Nowadaystherearemanyyoungpeoplewhoarejustlikestrawberries.Theyeasilybreakdownwhentheyfacedifficulties.Theydon’tknowwhattodowhentheyareintrouble.Theyhaveacommonname—strawberrykids.Whyaremanystudentssoeasytobreakdown?Parentsandschoolsareamainreason.Parentsdoalmosteverythingforthemintheirdailylife,whileschoolscaremoreabouttheirgradesinsteadofdevelopingtheirpersonality(个性).LiuYue,13,isfromFujian.Hismomhardlycriticizes(批评)himandhealwaysfeelsgoodabouthimself.Whenateachercriticizedhimstrictly,hefeltsurprisedandsad.Hebegantodoubthisability.Studentsshoulddosomethingtomakethemselvesmentallystrong.Anexpertsaid,“Whenyouareintrouble,don’taskforhelptooquickly.Youshouldtrytodealwithproblemsfirstbyyourself.Ialsoadviseyoutotakeanactivepartinsportsandsocialactivities.Thatcanmakeyoumentallystrong.Growingupisnotjustahappyprocess(过程).Painsalsogoalongwithit.Themostimportantthingistofacethepainsbravelyandlearnfromthem.根据短文内容，判断下列各句正（T）误（F）。11．Somestudentsarecalled“strawberrykids”becausetheyallliketoeatstrawberries.12．LiuYue’smotheroftencriticizeshim.13．Parentsdoalmosteverythingfortheirchildrenintheirdailylife.14．Accordingtothetext,studentsshouldaskforhelpquicklywhentheyareintrouble.15．Thewriteradvisesstudentstobebraveinthefaceofpains.【答案】11．F12．F13．T14．F15．T【导语】本文主要讲述了现在社会上有许多年轻人称为“草莓孩子”，他们遇到困难就会崩溃，文中讲述对于这些孩子们应该如何解决困难。11．细节理解题。根据“Theyeasilybreakdownwhentheyfacedifficulties.Theydon’tknowwhattodowhentheyareintrouble.Theyhaveacommonname—strawberrykids.”可知，一些学生称为“草莓孩子”因为他们面对困难的时候很容易崩溃。故答案为F。12．细节理解题。根据“LiuYue,13,isfromFujian.Hismomhardlycriticizes(批评)himandhealwaysfeelsgoodabouthimself.”可知，刘悦的母亲很少批评他。故答案为F。13．细节理解题。根据“Parentsdoalmosteverythingforthemintheirdailylife,”可知，父母在孩子们的日常生活中几乎为他们做了一切。故答案为T。14．细节理解题。根据“Whenyouareintrouble,don’taskforhelptooquickly.”可知，当你遇到麻烦时，不要太快寻求帮助。故答案为F。15．细节理解题。根据“Growingupisnotjustahappyprocess(过程).Painsalsogoalongwithit.Themostimportantthingistofacethepainsbravelyandlearnfromthem.”可知，作者建议学生勇敢地面对痛苦。故答案为T。（四）（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）Lotsofkidswouldliketochangetheirhair.Often,girlscareaboutitmost,butboysmaybeinterestedinhowtheirhairlooks,too.Whenyougothroughpuberty(青春期),sometimeshairwillchangeallbyitself.Maybeitusedtobelighterandnowit’sdarker.Ormaybeit’smuchoilier(更油腻的)usedtobe,andnowyouneedtowashitmore.Whenyou’regettingolder,youwillpaymoreattentiontoyourlooks.Youmightsuddenlydecideyouwantahairstyleasotherkidsatschoolhave.Butsomestylesandlooksrequirechemicaltreatmentorheatandlonghoursatthehairsalon(理发店).Somepeopledye(给……染色)theirhairadifferentcolor,ormaketheirhairstraight.ArethesetreatmentsOKforkids?Atanyage,anychemicaltreatmentofyourhaircandoharmtoit.Ifyoupullyourhairtoohard,itcanharmtheskinunderitandmaybemakeyourhairfallout.Soyoumaygetcarefulwithyourhair.It’sfuntryingnewlooksandstyles.Youcanalsoshowyourselfthroughyourstyle.However,feelingwonderfulandbeautifulstartsfromtheinside.Therefore,showyourbeautyinsidenomatterwhatstyleyouwear.Everyonewillnoticethatyou’rebeautifulandyourhairlooksgreat,too.根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。16．Boyscaremoreabouttheirhairstylesthangirls.17．Thehairmaygetdarkerwhenyougothroughpuberty.18．Thechemicaltreatmentisharmfultoyourhair.19．Yourhairwillneverfalloutifyoupullitstraight.20．Thewriterthinksthetruebeautyisfromtheinside.【答案】16．F17．T18．T19．F20．T【导语】本文主要讲述了孩子头发的颜色及发型变化的一些具体的原因分析以及烫发染发的伤害。16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Lotsofkidswouldliketochangetheirhair.Often,girlscareaboutitmost,butboysmaybeinterestedinhowtheirhairlooks,too.”可知男孩比女孩更在乎自己的发型。故填F。17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenyougothroughpuberty(青春期),sometimeshairwillchangeallbyitself.”以及第二段“Maybeitusedtobelighterandnowit’sdarker.”可知当你进入青春期时，头发可能会变深色。故填T。18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Atanyage,anychemicaltreatmentofyourhaircandoharmtoit.”可知化学处理对你的头发有害。故填T。19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ifyoupullyourhairtoohard,itcanharmtheskinunderitandmaybemakeyourhairfallout.”可知如果你把头发拉直，你的头发就永远不会掉下来。故填F。20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However,feelingwonderfulandbeautifulstartsfromtheinside.”可知作者认为真正的美来自内在。故填T。（五）（2023·吉林长春·吉林省实验校考模拟预测）Chinaisacountrywithmanycolorfuldaysandfestivals.TheDragonHeadRaisingDay(Longtaitou)isoneofthem.ThisspecialdayisontheseconddayofthesecondmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Itstandsforthestartofspringandfarming.ThedragonisimportantforChinesepeople.WeChinesepeoplecallourselvesthe“descendants(传人)ofthedragon”.Therefore,peoplecelebratetheDragonHeadRaisingDaywithmanycustoms.Onthedayinancienttimes,peopleputash(灰)inthekitchen.Thiswasto“leadthedragonintothehouse”.Peoplebelievedthatwiththehelpofthedragon,theycouldhaveagoodharvest(收成)inautumn.Also,peopleeatspecialfoodsonthatday.Thefoodsareusuallynamedafterdragons.Forexample,peopleeat“dragonwhisker(须)”noodlesanddumplingscalled“dragonteeth”.Today,manycustomshavedisappeared.Butonethathasremainedisthecuttingofhair.Itissaidthatahaircutduringthefirstlunarmonthmaybringbadlucktotheunclesofthefamily—mainlymother’sbrothers.SomanypeoplehavetheirhaircutontheDragonHeadRaisingDay.根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。21．TheLongtaitouisonthethirddayofthesecondmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.22．WeChinesecallourselvesthe“descendantsofthedragon”.23．PeopleputashinthekitchenontheDragonHeadRaisingDayinancienttimes.24．Nowadays,manypeopledon’thavetheirhaircutontheDragonHeadRaisingDay.25．ThepassagemainlytellsushowtocelebratetheDragonBoatFestivalinChina.【答案】21．F22．T23．T24．F25．F【导语】本文主要介绍了二月二龙抬头日。21．细节理解题。根据“ThisspecialdayisontheseconddayofthesecondmonthintheChineselunarcalendar”可知龙抬头日是在中国农历的二月初二。故答案为F。22．细节理解题。根据“WeChinesepeoplecallourselvesthe‘descendants(传人)ofthedragon’”可知我们中国人称自己为“龙的传人”。故答案为T。23．细节理解题。根据“Onthedayinancienttimes,peopleputash(灰)inthekitchen.”可知在古时候，人们把灰放在厨房里。故答案为T。24．细节理解题。根据“SomanypeoplehavetheirhaircutontheDragonHeadRaisingDay.”可知很多人在龙抬头这天都要理发。故答案为F。25．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了二月二龙抬头日。故答案为F。（六）（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）Onasunnyafternoon,IwaswalkingalongabusyroadwhenInoticedayoungmanstandingnearthecrossingsellingtoys.Usually,Iwouldhurrypastsuchsellers.ButIfoundthisyoungmanwasblind,soIstoodforsometimewithoutcrossingthestreet.Iwantedtoseehowhesoldhisthings.Soon,ayoungmotherwithalittlegirlcamebyandthechildsethereyesononeoftheteddybears.Themotheraskedthepriceanditwasonlyonedollar.Shetook10dollarsoutofherhandbagandtoldtheyoungmanthatshewasgivinghim10dollarsandwantedthechangeback.Iwaswonderinghowhewasgoingtodoit.Hetoldtheyoungmothertoputthemoneyinthebaghangingaroundhisneckandtakeoutherchange.Irealizedthatthisyoungmanbelievedpeoplenottocheathim.Therewasnowayforhimtoknowifsomeonewouldtakeoutmorethantheyshouldhave.Iwassotouched.IboughtamodelcarfromhimthatIdidnotneed.AsIwalkeddownthestreet,Igavethemodelcartoaboywalkingwithhisfather.Ikeptthinkingthattheworldwouldbeabetterplaceifwecouldalllearntotrustothersmore,liketheyoungblindstreetseller.根据短文内容判断正、误。（注意：考生将答题卡相应的位置涂黑。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”）26．Thewriterwaswalkingalongabusyroadwhenhenoticedayoungmanstandingnearthecrossingsellingtoysonasunnymorning.27．Theyoungmanthoughtthatpeoplewerebelievablesohemadepeopleputmoneyandtaketheirchangeoutofthebagbythemselves.28．Theyoungmotherwithherlittlegirlpaid10yuanfortheteddybear.29．Thewritergavethemodelcartoagirlwalkingwithherfatheratlast.30．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthattheworldwillbeabetterplaceifwecanalllearntotrustothersmore.【答案】26．B27．A28．B29．B30．A【导语】本文主要讲述了作者看到路口一位失明的年轻人，在路口卖玩具，让顾客自己付钱找零钱，作者被这位失明的年轻人对人们的信任所感动，由此想到如果我们都像这位年轻的盲人一样更多地相信他人，这个世界将会变得更美好。26．细节理解题。根据“Onasunnyafternoon,IwaswalkingalongabusyroadwhenInoticedayoungmanstandingnearthecrossingsellingtoys.”可知，作者是在一个阳光明媚的下午看见一个年轻人在路口卖玩具，而不是上午。故答案为B。27．细节理解题。根据“Hetoldtheyoungmothertoputthemoneyinthebaghangingaroundhisneckandtakeoutherchange.”可知，这位年轻人相信人们，所以让他们自己把钱放进挂在他脖子上的包里，并且自己拿需要找给他们的零钱。故答案为A。28．细节理解题。根据“Shetook10dollarsoutofherhandbagandtoldtheyoungmanthatshewasgivinghim10dollarsandwantedthechangeback.”可知，这位年轻的母亲付了十美元，但是还需要找她零钱，所以并不是付十美元买这个泰迪熊。故答案为B。29．细节理解题。根据“AsIwalkeddownthestreet,Igavethemodelcartoaboywalkingwithhisfather.”可知，作者把这个汽车模型给了一个男孩，而不是女孩。故答案为B。30．主旨大意题。根据“Ikeptthinkingthattheworldwouldbeabetterplaceifwecouldalllearntotrustothersmore,liketheyoungblindstreetseller.”可知，从这篇文章中我们可以学到，如果我们都像这位年轻的盲人一样更多地相信他人，这个世界将会变得更美好。故答案为A。（七）（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。Hotsummeriscoming.It’stimetoenjoydeliciousice-cream.However,someice-creambarsarenowcalled“assassins(刺客)”fortheirsurprisinglyhighprices.Butwhentheywerefirstinvented,theywereallaboutmakingpeoplehappy.Inthe1920s,HarryBurtranacandystoreintheUSA．Oneday,hedevelopedasmoothchocolatecoating(涂层).Burtfirstcutsomeice-creamintocuboids(长方体).Hethencoveredtheice-creamwiththenewchocolatecoating.WhenBurtlethischildrentrythisnewdessert,hisdaughtersaidtheice-creambarwastoo“messy”toeat.ThenBurt’ssonsuggestedaddingawoodensticktothedessert.Burtnamedit“GoodHumorbar”.Itsoonbecamepopular.Later,hesentsometruckstoselltheseice-creambars.Peoplewouldknowitwastimeforsomeice-creamwhentheyheardthetrucks’bells.Today,youcanstillseeGoodHumortrucksinAmerica!31．Ice-creambarsbecametooexpensiveforpeopletoenjoy.32．Ithasbeenabout100yearssinceGoodHumorbarwasinvented.33．HarryBurt’sdaughterdislikedthenewdessertbecauseitwouldbemessy.34．HarryBurt’snewdessertgotpopularbecausepeoplecouldeasilygetitonthetrucks.35．Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatsomeinventionscanmakepeople’slifemorecolorful.【答案】31．B32．A33．A34．B35．A【导语】本文主要介绍了冰淇凌棒的发明历史。31．细节理解题。根据“However,someice-creambarsarenowcalled‘assassins(刺客)’fortheirsurprisinglyhighprices.”可知，“冰淇凌太贵，人们无法想用”这句话是错误的，故答案为B。32．推理判断题。根据“Inthe1920s,HarryBurtranacandystoreintheUSA.Oneday,hedevelopedasmoothchocolatecoating(涂层).Burtfirstcutsomeice-creamintocuboids(长方体).Hethencoveredtheice-creamwiththenewchocolatecoating”可知，在20世纪20年代HarryBurt发明了一种光滑的巧克力涂层，由此可推断，发明至今已有100多年的历史，故答案为A。33．细节理解题。根据“WhenBurtlethischildrentrythisnewdessert,hisdaughtersaidtheice-creambarwastoo‘messy’toeat.”可知，女儿说冰淇淋棒太“脏”了，不能吃，故答案为A。34．细节理解题。根据“Itsoonbecamepopular.Later,hesentsometruckstoselltheseice-creambars.Peoplewouldknowitwastimeforsomeice-creamwhentheyheardthetrucks’bells.”可知，新甜点很受欢迎并不是因为人们很容易把它放到卡车上，故答案为B。35．推理判断题。根据“Today,youcanstillseeGoodHumortrucksinAmerica!”及全文可知，现在仍然可以在美国看到它们，因为类似这样的发明可以使人们的生活更加丰富多彩，才会一直受欢迎，故答案为A。（八）（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考三模）阅读下面对话，根据对话内容判断句子的正误。正确的写“A”，错误的写“B”。Imagine:whenyouareabouttopickaflower,suddenly,itstartstoscream!Althoughthiswillneverreallyhappen,anewstudyshowsthatplantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed.SomeresearchersinIsraeldidthestudy.Theyusedultrasonicmicrophones(超声波麦克风)torecordthesoundsoftomatoplantsinboxes.Threegroupsofplantswerelistenedto:Onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadthestemscutoff,andthethirdgroupwasuntouched.Itturnedoutthatthefirsttwogroupsmadesoundsonceperhour.“Whentomatoplantsarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet,”oneoftheresearcherssaid.Theresearchersdidn’tknowhowthesoundsweremade,buttheybelievedthenoisescamefromthebreakingofairbubbles(气泡)intheplants.Thismeansthenoiseswereproducedbytheplantsthemselvesnaturally.Also,theresearcherslistenedtootherplantslikecornandfoundtheyalsomademoresoundswhenfeelingstressed.Researcherssaidthestudywouldbegoodforthefarmersinthefuture,astheycouldbettertakecareofthecrops(庄稼)by“hearing”theplants’feelings.36．Wecaneasilyhearplantsshoutwheytheyarestressed.37．Theplantsthatweren’twateredforfivedaysproducedmoresoundsthantheplantsthanthathadtheirstemscutoff.38．AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthattheplantslikequietenvironments.39．Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatplantsdidn’tmakethenoisesonpurpose.40．Thestudyismeaningfulanditcanhelpfarmersplantcropsbetter.【答案】36．B37．B38．B39．A40．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。36．细节理解题。根据“whenyouareabouttopickaflower,suddenly,itstartstoscream!Althoughthiswillneverreallyhappen,anewstudyshowsthatplantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed.”可知，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，但是人们并不能很容易就听到这种声音，表述错误。故填B。37．细节理解题。根据“Itturnedoutthatthefirsttwogroupsmadesoundsonceperhour.”可知，五天不浇水的植物和被切断茎的植物发声频率相同，表述错误。故填B。38．推理判断题。根据“Whentomatoplantsarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet”可知，植物没有压力的时候，它们非常安静，不会发出声音，并不能得出“植物喜欢安静的环境”的结论，表述错误。故填B。39．词句猜测题。根据“Thismeansthenoiseswereproducedbytheplantsthemselvesnaturally.”可知，这些噪音是植物自身自然产生的，并不是植物故意发出声音的。故填A。40．细节理解题。根据“Researcherssaidthestudywouldbegoodforthefarmersinthefuture,astheycouldbettertakecareofthecrops(庄稼)by‘hearing’theplants’feelings.”可知，这项研究是有意义的，它可以帮助农民更好地种植作物。故填A。（九）（2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·乌市一中校考模拟预测）根据短文内容，判断下面各小题的正（T）误（F）。Insomecities,studentshavelunchatschool.Doyouhavelunchatschool?Whatdoyouhave?Let’slookatstudents’lunchboxesallovertheworld.Spain—Spanishlunchusuallyhaveafewdishes.Thechildrenmayhaverice,souporvegetablesasthefirstdishandthensomemeatastheseconddish.Theyoftenendupwiththeirlunchwithfruitoryogurt.Singapore—StudentsinSingaporedon’tgotoatraditionaldininghall.Theyvisitcookingshops.Studentscanchoosebothtraditionalfoodandwesternfood.France—HealthymealsaretherulesinmanyFrenchschools.AFrenchschoollunchmayhavechickenwithgreenbeansandcheese.Finland—TheFinnishschoollunchesareatleast50%vegetablesand25%proteins(蛋白质).OnThursdays,Finnishschoolsservethetraditionalsoupwithpancakes.Japan—TheJapaneseschoolluncheshaverice,meat,freshfruitandvegetables.Riceandfisharethebasisformanyofthemeals.41．Spanishstudentsoftenfinishluncheswithfruitandyogurt.42．StudentsinSingaporehavelunchincookingshops.43．FinnishschoolsservebothtraditionalfoodandwesternfoodonThursdays.44．Frenchstudentsoftenhaveunhealthyfoodforlunch.45．RiceandfisharethebasisforlotsofJapanesestudents’lunches.【答案】41．T42．T43．F44．F45．T【导语】本文主要介绍了世界各地学生午餐的情况。41．细节理解题。根据“Theyoftenendupwiththeirlunchwithfruitoryogurt”可知，西班牙学生通常以水果或酸奶结束午餐，故答案为T。42．细节理解题。根据“StudentsinSingaporedon’tgotoatraditionaldininghall.Theyvisitcookingshops”可知，新加坡的学生在烹饪店吃午餐，故答案为T。43．细节理解题。根据“OnThursdays,Finnishschoolsservethetraditionalsoupwithpancakes.”可知，每周四，芬兰学校会提供传统的煎饼汤，而不是传统的食物和西方食物，故答案为F。44．细节理解题。根据“HealthymealsaretherulesinmanyFrenchschools.AFrenchschoollunchmayhavechickenwithgreenbeansandcheese”可知，法国学生午饭吃健康的食物，而不是午餐吃不健康的食品，故答案为F。45．细节理解题。根据“Riceandfisharethebasisformanyofthemeals”可知，米饭和鱼是许多日本学生午餐的基础。故答案为T。（十）（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）阅读判断读短文，判断句子是否符合短文内容。符合的选T，不符合的选F。ThemostpopularwaytowelcomethenewyearintheUnitedStatesistohaveabigparty.Somepartiesareatpeople’shomes.Butinrecentyears,ithasbecomemoreandmorecommonforAmericanstogotoahoteloracluborarestaurantonthenightofDecemberthe31st.There,theycanhavedinner,drinkanddance.MostNewYear’spartieshavesomethingincommon.Firstofall,theyareusuallynoisy.Peoplesingandbandsplay.Andoften,guestspullacrackerwhentheclockstrikestwelveatmidnight.Peoplethinkthatloudsoundswoulddriveawaytheevil(邪恶的)spiritsoftheoldyearbeforethenewyearbegins.ThebiggestandnoisiestNewYearpartyintheUnitedStatestakesplaceatTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.Thousandsofpeoplegatherthere.Someofthemringbellsorletoffcrackers.Othersblowwhistlesorcarhorns.Andat12o’clock,theybegintocheer.Anelectricsignintheshapeofaredapplelightsupontopofatallbuilding.46．ThearticleisaboutNewYear’scelebrationsintheUSA．47．Inrecentyears,AmericanshavepartiesathomesonthenightofDecemberthe31st.48．MostNewYear’spartiesaredifferentintheUnitedStates.49．ThebiggestandnoisiestNewYearpartytakesplaceatTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.50．MostNewYearpartiesareusuallynoisybecausepeoplewanttogetridofbadluckoftheoldyear.【答案】46．T47．F48．F49．T50．T【导语】本文主要介绍了美国庆祝新年的方式。46．细节理解题。根据“ThemostpopularwaytowelcomethenewyearintheUnitedStatesistohaveabigparty.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国庆祝新年的方式，也就是美国的信念庆祝活动，故选T。47．细节理解题。根据“Butinrecentyears,ithasbecomemoreandmorecommonforAmericanstogotoahoteloracluborarestaurantonthenightofDecemberthe31st”可知，近年来，美国人在12月31日晚上去旅馆、俱乐部或餐馆已经变得越来越普遍，题干表述错误，故选F。48．细节理解题。根据“MostNewYear’spartieshavesomethingincommon.”可知，大多数新年聚会都有一些共同点，而不是不同的，故选F。49．细节理解题。根据“ThebiggestandnoisiestNewYearpartyintheUnitedStatestakesplaceatTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.”可知，美国最大、最热闹的新年晚会在纽约时代广场举行。故选T。50．细节理解题。根据“Firstofall,theyareusuallynoisy.Peoplesingandbandsplay.Andoften,guestspullacrackerwhentheclockstrikestwelveatmidnight.Peoplethinkthatloudsoundswoulddriveawaytheevil(邪恶的)spiritsoftheoldyearbeforethenewyearbegins.”（首先，它们通常很吵。人们唱歌，乐队演奏。通常，客人们会在午夜十二点钟敲响的时候拉鞭炮。人们认为响亮的声音可以在新年开始前赶走旧年的恶灵）可知，大多数新年聚会通常很吵，因为人们想要摆脱旧年的坏运气。故选T。（十一）（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断其后面所给句子的对错。正确的为A，错误的为B。EnglishisspokenmostlyintheUS,theUK,Canada,Australia,NewZealandandSouthAfrica.InChinaandmanyothercountries,Englishisthemostimportantforeignlanguagethatchildrenlearnatschool,becausewhentheygrowup,itwillbequitepossibleforthemtomeetpeoplefromothercountries.Theywillneedacommonlanguagetocommunicatewitheachother.Englishisnowusedbynearlyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation,andanywhereyougointheworld,thereisagoodchancethatyouwillmeetsomeonewhospeaksEnglish.ThereasonwhyEnglishisspokeneverywhereisthatinthenineteenthcentury,Englishbecamethelanguageofworldtrade.Andinthetwentiethcentury,theUSspreadEnglishtotheworldthroughnewspapers,televisionandfilms.Itisnowthecommonlanguageforinternationaltravel,science,industry,andrecently,informationtechnologyandtheInternet.ItisalsoimportanttoknowthatEnglishhasborrowedmanywordsfromotherlanguages,forexample,“restaurant”fromFrench,“zero”fromArabic,“piano”fromItalian,and“tofu”fromChinese.WilltheimportanceofEnglishlast?AsChinacontinuestogrow,manypeoplethinkthatChinesewillbecomeascommonasEnglishbythemiddleofthetwenty-firstcentury.However,mostpeoplestillthinkthatEnglishwillbeusedmostaroundtheworld,atleastforthenexttwentyorthirtyyears.SowhoownsEnglish?Theansweriseveryonewhospeaksit.EventhoughwespeakdifferenttypesofEnglish,weareallpartofaninternationalclub.WeallownEnglish.51．InChina,Englishisthemostimportantlanguagethatchildrenlearnatschool.52．Nearlyaquarteroftheworld’spopulationspeakEnglish.53．Englishbecamethelanguageofworldtradeaboutonehundredyearsago.54．”Tofu”wasfirstusedbyChinesepeople.55．Inthefuture,Englishwon’tbespokenbyChinesepeople.【答案】51．B52．A53．B54．A55．B【导语】本文主要介绍了英语在当今世界的使用情况，在未来汉语也会变得越来越重要，但是在相当长的一段时间里，英语的国际地位是不会改变的。51．细节理解题。根据“InChinaandmanyothercountries,Englishisthemostimportantforeignlanguagethatchildrenlearnatschool”可知在中国和许多其他国家，英语是孩子们在学校学习的最重要的外语，而不是最重要的语言。故填B。52