2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前提分综合测验卷附带答案及详解套卷68

2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1.单选题

Enteringthefurniturestore,Mr.Thompsontookafewminutesto_______throughthecatalogandgotasenseofwhatkindsofsofawereinpopulardemand.

问题1选项

A.gaze

B.stare

C.shuffle

D.riffle

【答案】D

【解析】gaze注视,凝视;stare凝视,盯着看;shuffle搅乱,推诿;riffle迅速翻阅，rifflethrough很快地（漫不经心地）翻阅。句意：走进家具店之后,Thompson先生用了几分钟时间快速浏览了一下目录，了解了一下什么样的沙发最受欢迎。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow_______muchoftheirfood.

问题1选项

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】deliver投递,发表;import进口,输入;produce生产,创作;develop发展,开发。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠,当地人现在必须进口大量食物。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Heacknowledgedthatthe_______offinancialsupportintheelectiontooklonghoursofpersuasion.

问题1选项

A.gestation

B.enlistment

C.establishment

D.temperance

【答案】B

【解析】gestation怀孕,酝酿；enlistment征募,获得;establishment确立,制定;temperance节欲,戒酒。句意：他承认在选举中获得财政支持需要长时间的劝说。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravelers'checks,whichprovideasecure_______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.selection

C.inference

D.alternative

【答案】D

【解析】substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的，强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票，作为携带现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。

5.单选题

Despitemuchdiscussion,andeffortsbybothwomen'sandbusinessgroupstobreak"theglassceiling"down,theworld'sbiggestcompaniesarestillalmost_______runbymen.

问题1选项

A.exceptionally

B.excessively

C.exclusively

D.exceedingly

【答案】C

【解析】exceptionally例外地,异常地;excessively过分地,极度;exclusively排外地,专有地;exceedingly非常地,极度地。句意：尽管女性和商业团体为了打破“玻璃天花板”经过多次讨论并为此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然几乎完全由男性经营。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

BynowDadwassixty-five,andwhatlittleleniencehemayoncehavepossessedhadlongsincehardenedinto_______inflexibility.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.friendly

C.remorseful

D.steely

【答案】D

【解析】compassionate慈悲的，富于同情心的；friendly友好的;remorseful懊悔的,悔恨的;steely钢铁般的,冷酷无情的。句意：父亲现在已经六十五岁了，他曾经拥有的一点点宽容，早已变成了钢铁般的冷酷无情。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Inmostpeople'smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans…what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancementsofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccounttorthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmedonwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

2.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that（）.

3.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity（）.

5.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion"Doweneedgrowthforprosperity"is（）.

问题1选项

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

问题2选项

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

问题3选项

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

问题4选项

A.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

B.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman'sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

问题5选项

A.negative

B.positive

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据文章第一段第三句"Equallyaxiomatic,...,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation."同样不言自明的是,对日益减少的自然资源施加越来越大的压力必然导致繁荣的衰落,特别是在伴随人口增长的情况下。选项B符合原文。

2.根据原文二三段的内容可知,作者在第二段提出问题：富裕国家的增长是否导致了第三世界国家的贫困,而不是进步？如果不是这样的话,那么又怎么解释这些国家为什么在致力于增长的一个世纪之后,今天仍处于绝望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段给出了答案,这种增长并没有给这些国家的人们带来好处,而是让外国投资者及少数本地合作者获益。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第三段的内容可知：经济增长对第三世界国家的人们并无好处,因为他们的农产品是为了出口,矿产和其他资源被剥夺,而他们却要背负沉重的外债,这只会让国外投资者和少数本地人获益。所以选项A符合原文。

4.根据第五段的一二句"So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer."我们需要增长来实现繁荣吗?采用零增长也可以保持社会经济的繁荣。选项A符合原文。

5.结合文章内容可知,作者对增长持否定的态度,因为增长给第三世界国家以及环境带来了种种危害,所以本题选A。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

8.单选题

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

问题1选项

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污点;flurry骚动,慌张,aflurryof—阵……；particle颗粒;stain污点,瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要参拜臭名昭著的神社，引发了中韩人民的谴责和抗议，因为神社供奉着14名甲级战犯。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

It'softenhardtoseeyourmistakesasyou'remakingthem.Whenitcomestolivingarrangements,ahumdingerisbeingmadeinthiscountryrightnowandfewhavenoticedityet.

"Yikes!Thekidsaremovingbackin!"Thusgoesthemantraofthebabyboomgeneration,circa2007.Analystsestimatethatsome18minionadultsbetweentheagesof20and34livewiththeirparents.That'sroughlyathirdofthatagegroup.

Butlettingthekidsmovebackinisnotthesocietalerrorwe'retalkingabout.Instead,thebigmistakeistheloudlyvoicedchagrinoftheboomers.Mostmistakenlydecrythenotionoftheboomeranggeneration.Inordertofullyappreciatethedepthoftheerrorbeingmadehere,weallneedtostepbackabitandlookatthebiggerpicture.Thisepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeisfirst,not"unprecedented,"andsecond,it'snotabadthing.Theprecedentforthistrendcanbefoundamongtheother6.2billionnon-Americansontheplanet,manyofwhomhappilylivewiththeiradultchildren,ofteninthree-generationhouseholds.

Thenthere'sthegrowingnumberofnon-AngloAmericans,includingmanyrecentimmigrants,whoseenoprobleminhavingadultkidscontributetothehousehold.Finally,theagrarianhistoryofthiscountrybeforeWorldWarIIallowedkidstoliveandworkaroundthefarmwellintoadulthood.

Adultkidsmovingbackhomeismerelythemostnoticeablesymptomofalarger,fundamentaltransformationofAmericansociety.Wearenationallybeginningtorecognizethecostsoftheindependencetheso-calledgreatestgenerationfoistedonus.Wecan'tblamethem.Theydidhavetogrowupfast.KidsintheirgenerationwentofftoWorldWarIIandgrewuponthebloodybeachesofdistantlands.

Afterthewar,thesurvivorshadfactoriestobuildandthewealthtobuytheirwhite-picket-fencedreamoutWest.Theydesignedasocialandfiscalsystemthathasservedtheirretirementyearsverywell.Buttheirhistoricallyuniqueretirementsystemmistakenlycelebratedindependenceandignoredthenaturalstateofhumanbeings—thatis,interdependence.

Moreover,theirsystembreaksdownwiththeonslaughtoftheirkids'retirement.Wecanalreadyseethepensionsystems,bothprivateandpublic,beginningtodisintegrateundertheweightofthebabyboomers.

Wearenowjuststartingtounderstandthesubstantialfiscalandpsychologicalcostsofseparatingthegenerationsintoso-calledsingle-familyhomeswiththeidealofamother,fatherandtwokids.Buttimeschangeandsodocultures.

Regardingboomerangkids,mostdemographersfocusontheimmediateexplanationsforthechanges,suchasthegrowingimmigrantpopulation,housingshortagesandhighprices,andout-of-wedlockchildbearing.

Manypsychologistshavenotedthatbaby-boomerparentsenjoycloserrelationshipswiththeirfewerchildrenthatallowextendedcohabitation.ArecentsurveyconductedforDelWebb(adivisionofPulteHomesInc.)reportsthatonlyaboutone-quarterofbabyboomersarehappieroncethekidsmoveout.

However,alltheseexplanationsaresimplysymptomsofthelarger,morefundamentalreunitingofAmericansintohouseholdsthatincludeextendedfamilies—adultkids,grandparents,grandchildrenandotherrelatives—ratherthanjustnuclearfamilies.

TherateatwhichourAmericancultureisadaptingwillaccelerateasbabyboomersbeginretiringinwaves.Creativehousingarrangementsarenecessitatingandallowingthreegenerationstolivetogetheragain~underonerooforincloseproximity.Nowsome6millionAmericangrandparentsarelivingunderoneroofwiththeirgrandchildren.

Whethergrandparentsliveinaccessoryapartmentsonthepropertyorhousesnextdoor,theseflexiblehousingoptionsprovideprivacyandcompanionshipatthesametime.Grandparentscaninteractwiththeirgrandchildrenwhiletheparentswork,andailbenefitfromthenewtogetherness.These21stcenturyhousingarrangementsareacreativewaytohandlethefinancialneedsofthegenerationthatisretiringand,yes,theadultchildrenwhoarecominghome.

Suchmultigenerationalhouseholdsdon'tmakesenseforeveryone.Personalityconflictsorfamilycharacteristicsprecludesucharrangementsforsome.Legalconstraintssuchasbuildingandzoningcodesareformidableobstaclesinmostcommunitiesacrossthecountry.

Oftenmoreroomismandatedforparkingyourcarthanparkingyourgrandmother.HomebuildershavebeenmoreinterestedinsellinghousesthatsatisfyimmediateneedsratherthananticipatingtheneedsofthegrowingnumbersofagingAmericans.

Thecultureitselffrequentlygetsintheway,reinforcingtheperceptionofastigmaattachingtolackofindependence—theadultchildwhojustwon'tmoveout(andgrowup)ortheaginggrandparentwhoeschews"beingaburden."

Despitetheseproblems,onceyoubegintalkingwithyourfriendsaboutthree-generationhouseholds,youwillbeginhearingstoriesabouthowsuchobstaclesarebeingovercome.Youalsowillbeginhearingstoriesaboutthewonderfulbenefitsofthinkingabouthousingandfamilyarrangementsincreativeways.Andyou'llhearstoriesaboutthefundamentalsatisfactionoflivingtogetheragain.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whichofthestatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaboutthegreatestgeneration?

4.Thefactorholdsbackadultchildrenmovingbackhomeis（）

5.WhatisnotthereasonforadultmovingbackhomeaccordingtoresearchersonUSpopulations?

问题1选项

A.ThetrendofkidsmovingbackhomehasnegativeeffecttoAmericanculture.

B.Thesymptomofadultkidsmovingbackhomeisextraordinary.

C..Backtothenestisbynomeanstheprecedent..

D.Thefamilyunitandindividualindependencearedamaginginthesociety.

问题2选项

A.Thetrendofadultsmovebackhomeissince2007.

B.TheepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeinUSAisunparalleledintheworld.

C.TheUnitedStateswasanagriculturecountrybeforeWorldWarII.

D.One-thirdofbabyboomersaresorrowfuloncethekidsmoveout.

问题3选项

A.Theyimposedtheideaofindependenceonthesuccessiveoffspring.

B.Theymakeloudcomplaintsabouttheirchildren'sprolongedstayingathome.

C.Theirsocialandfinanceschemefortheirretirementdisregardtheinterdependence.

D.Theirretirementsystemiscollapsingwiththeoverwhelmingoutpouringoftheirchildren'sretirement.

问题4选项

A.fiscalandpsychologicalcosts

B.adults'unwillingnessofgrowingup

C.thedisturbingconventionalideas

D.thelegalconstraintsofmultigenerationalhouseholds

问题5选项

A.Aginggrandparentswouldeschew.

B.Childbearingwithoutmatrimony.

C.Housingshortages.

D.Theincreasingimmigrantpopulation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.文章第五段的第一句为本文中心句"Adultkidsmovingbackhomeismerelythemostnoticeablesymptomofalarger,fundamentaltransformationofAmericansociety."成年子女搬回家住是美国社会发生更大、更根本变革中最引人注目的现象。所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段"Thisepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeisfirst,not"unprecedented,"..."可知选项B错误;选项C和D在文中没有提及;根据第二段的第一句""Yikes!Thekidsaremovingbackin!"Thusgoesthemantraofthebabyboomgeneration,circa2007."可知自2007年以来,成年人开始出现搬回家住的趋势。所以选项A正确。

3.根据第三段的第一句"Butlettingthekidsmovebackinisnotthesocietalerrorwe'retalkingabout.Instead,thebigmistakeistheloudlyvoicedchagrinoftheboomers."让孩子搬回去并不是我们所说的社会错误。相反,最大的错误是生育高峰时期出生的人大声抱怨。所以他们抱怨的不是孩子们长时间待在家而是搬回来与父母同住,所以选项B错误。

4.根据原文倒数第四段的内容可知,这种多代同堂的家庭模式并不是适合所有人。人格冲突或家庭特征使某些人无法作出这种安排。在全国大多数社区,建筑和分区法规等法律约束都是巨大的障碍。所以选项D正确。

5.根据第九段的内容可知,谈到"回巢族",大多数人口统计学家关注的是这些变化的直接原因,比如移民人口的增长、住房短缺和高房价,以及未婚生育。只有选项A没有提及,所以本题选A。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

10.单选题

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…him")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sdescriptionofPoseidon'sroutine("how...inarage")that().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobprimarilystemsfrom()

4.TheauthorofthepassageportraysthegodPoseidonas().

5.PoseidonisunabletochangeoccupationsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.resignation

B.enthusiasm

C.hostility

D.intimidation

问题2选项

A.PoseidonprefersperforminghisdutiestovisitingJupiter

B.Poseidonistoobusytofamiliarizehimselfwithhiskingdom

C.Poseidonrequiressilencefortheperformanceofhisduties

D.Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobdetractsfromhisefficiency

问题3选项

A.theconstanttravelthatisrequiredofhim

B.thelackofseriousnesswithwhichhiscomplaintsarereceived

C.theconstantlychangingnatureofhisduties

D.other'smistakennotionsofhisroutine

问题4选项

A.adissatisfiedbureaucrat

B.apowerfulgod

C.adiscontentedvagabond

D.acapableaccountant

问题5选项

A.hisappointmentasGodoftheSeaisinherentlyunchangeable

B.hehasfallenintodisfavorwiththegodsonMountOlympus

C.hecannotimaginealifeawayfromthewater

D.nothingelsesuitshimaswellashispresentposition

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.Poseidon对他工作的态度是()。resignation放任,服从;enthusiasm热心,热忱;hostility敌对;intimidation恐吓,威胁。根据划线部分的内容可知,不能说他喜欢他的工作,他这样做只是因为这是分配给他的。所以他的态度是听之任之的,选项A正确。

2.根据划线部分的描述可知,作者是想表达Poseidon对工作的不满导致了工作效率的下降,选项D正确。

3.根据第二段的第一句"Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim..."最让他生气的是听到别人对他的意见,正是这一因素导致了他对工作的不满。选项D符合原文。

4.根据文字内容可知,作者将Poseidon描述为不满的官僚,选项A正确。其他选项均不符合原文。

5.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知,选项A.C,D均是Poseidon无法改变职业的原因,只有选项B在文中没有提及。

11.单选题

Veryoldpeopledoraisemoralproblemsforalmosteveryonewhocomesintocontactwiththem.Theirvalues—thiscan'tberepeatedtoooften—arenotnecessarilyourvalues.Physicalcomfort,cleannessandorderarenecessarilythemostimportantthings.Thesocialservicesfromtimetotimefindthemselvesfacedwithaflatwithdecayingfoodcoveredbysmallworms,andanoldpersonlyingaloneonbed,takingnonoticeoftheworms.Butisitinterferingwithpersonalfreedomtoinsistthattheygotolivewithsomeoftheirrelativessothattheymightbetakenbettercareof?Somesocialworkers,theoneswhoclearuptheworms,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold.

Indeed,theoldcanbeeasilyhurtorharmed.Thebodyislikeacaritneedsmoremechanicalmaintenanceasitgetsolder.Youcancarrythiscomparisonrightthroughtotheprovisionofspareparts.Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresults.Andatwhatpointshouldyouceasetotreattheoldbody?Isitmorallyrighttotrytopushoffdeathbypursuingthedevelopmentofdrugstoexcitetheforgetfuloldmindandtoactivatetheoldbody,knowingthatitisdesignedtodie?Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,becausesolongastheycanseethetechnicalopportunities,theywillfeelboundtogivethematryontheprinciplethatwhilethere'slife,there'shope.

Whenyoutalktotheoldpeople,however,youareforcedtotheconclusionthatwhetherageishappyorunpleasantdependslessonmoneyoronhealththanitdoesonyourabilitytohavefun.

1.ItisimpliedinParagraphonethat（）.

2.Somesocialworkersthinkthat（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,（）.

4.Theword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Theauthorthinksthat（）.

问题1选项

A.veryoldpeopleenjoylivingwiththeirrelatives

B.socialserviceshavenothingtodowithveryoldpeople

C.veryoldpeoplewouldliketolivealonesothattheycanhavemorepersonalfreedom

D.veryoldpeopleareabletokeeptheirroomsveryclean

问题2选项

A.healthandsafetyaremoreimportantthanpersonalfreedom

B.personalfreedomismoreimportantthanhealthandsafety

C.oldpeopleshouldkeeptheirroomsclean

D.oneshouldnottakerisksofdealingwitholdpeople

问题3选项

A.thehumanbodycan'tbecomparedtoacar

B.theolderaperson,themorecareheneeds

C.toomuchemphasishasbeenputonoldpeople'svalues

D.itiseasytoprovidesparepartsforoldpeople

问题4选项

A.theconclusionyouhavecometo

B.yourtalktotheoldpeople

C.whetherageishappyorunpleasant

D.one'smoneyorone'shealth

问题5选项

A.medicaldecisionsfortheoldpeopleshouldbelefttothedoctors

B.oldpeoplecanenjoyahappylifeonlyiftheyareveryrich

C.theopinionthatweshouldtryeverymeanspossibletosaveoldpeopleisdoubtful

D.itisalwaysmorallyrighttotreatoldpeopleandpushoffdeath

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误,选项B在文中没有提及,只有选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段最后一句"Somesocialworkers,...,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold."认为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的,因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容,将人的身体和汽车相比较,汽车需要的是机械保养,而人需要手术进行治疗,不管结果如何如何好,但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是,人能感到疼痛,但车却不会,两者完全没有可比性,所以本题选A。

4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知,"it"指的是上句中的"whetherageishappyorunpleasant"。所以选项C正确。

5.根据第二段的最后一句"Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,..."可知选项A错误;根据最后一段可知选项B错误;根据第二段倒数第二句"Isitmorallyrightto...thatitisdesignedtodie?"明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程,却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想,激活衰老的身体,这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句,说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度,所以选项C正确,选项D错误。

12.单选题

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit¬ical_______andsuspicions.

问题1选项

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物质,实质;antagonism对抗,敌意;dimension尺寸;possession拥有。句意：虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持,但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。选项B符合句意。

13.翻译题

ManyadvocatesofauniversalhealthcaresystemintheUnitedStateslooktoCanadafortheirmodel.WhiletheCanadianhealthcaresystemhasmuchtorecommendit,there'sanothermodelthathasbeentoolongneglected.ThatisthehealthcaresysteminFrance.

(1)AlthoughtheFrenchsystemfacesmanychallenges,theWorldHealthOrganizationrateditthebestintheworldin2001becauseofitsuniversalcoverage,responsivehealthcareproviders,patientandproviderfreedoms,andthehealthandlongevityofthecountry'spopulation.TheUnitedStatesranked37.

TheFrenchsystemisalsonotinexpensive.At$3,500percapitaitisoneofthemostcostlyinEurope,yetthatisstillfarlessthanthe$6,100perpersonintheUnitedStates.

(2)TheFrenchshareAmericans'distasteforrestrictionsonpatientchoiceandtheyinsistonautonomousprivatepractitionersratherthanaBritish-stylenationalhealthservice,whichtheFrenchdismissas"socializedmedicine".VirtuallyallphysiciansinFranceparticipateinthenation'spublichealthinsurance,SecuriteSociale.

Theirfreedomsofdiagnosisandtherapyareprotectedinwaysthatwouldmaketheirmanaged-care-controlledUScounterpartsenvious.However,theaverageAmericanphysicianearnsmorethanfivetimestheaverageUSwagewhiletheaverageFrenchphysicianmakesonlyabouttwotimestheaverageearningsofhisorhercompatriots.(3)ButthelowerincomeofFrenchphysiciansisallayedbytwofactors,Practiceliabilityisgreatlydiminishedbyatort-averselegalsystem,andmedicalschools,althoughextremelycompetitivetoenter,aretuition-free.Thus,Frenchphysiciansentertheircareers,withanydebtandpaymuchlowermalpracticeinsurancepremiums.

NordoFrance'sdoctorsfacethehighnonmedicalpersonnelpayrollexpensesthatburdenAmericanphysicians.SecuriteSocialehascreatedastandardizedandspeedysystemforphysicianbillingandpatientreimbursementusingelectronicfunds.

(4)It'snotuncommontovisitaFrenchmedicalofficeandseenononmedicalpersonnel.Whataconcept.Nobackofficearmyofbillingspecialistswhododailybattlewithinsurers'arcaneandconstantlychangingrulesofpayment.

NationalhealthinsuranceinFrancestandsupontwograndhistoricalbargains—thefirstwithdoctorsandasecondwithinsurers.

DoctorsonlyagreedtoparticipateincompulsoryhealthinsuranceiftheJawprotectedapatient'schoiceofpracti