2024届广东省湛江市普通高考第一次模拟考试英语试卷（附答案解析）

2024届广东省湛江市普通高考第一次模拟考试英语试卷

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

TopCoffee-producingCountries

Brazil

Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.Now,around300,000coffee

farmersinBrazilproduceabout40%oftheworld'scoffee.Arabica（阿拉比卡咖啡）takesup

70%ofthecoffeebeansgrowninthecountry.InBrazil,3%ofexportincomeisfromcoffee

beans.Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeandconsumeitalldaylong.

Vietnam

CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe1800s.Nowcoffeeindustryemploysalmost3

millionpeople.MostofVietnam'scoffeeproductionisthelessappreciatedRobusta（罗布斯

塔咖啡）variety.Becauseofthat,mostcoffeebeansgrowninVietnamareforinstantcoffee.

Despitecoffee'spopularityasanexportcrop,theVietnamesestillprefertea.Theyalsomake

afamousCappuccino（卡布奇诺咖啡）notfoundelsewhere-famousbecauseitgetsadose

ofraweggifthafstoyourliking.

Colombia

CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiaintheearly1700s.InColombia,about2.3million

acresoflandareplantedwithcoffee.Coffeeisthemostimportantagriculturalexport.There

arearound555,000coffeegrowersinColombia.ThemajorityofColombiancoffee

plantationsareownedbyfamilies.Colombianstypicallystarttheirmorningwithatinto.It'sa

smallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetenedwithsugar.Theymayaddcinnamonorother

spicestojazzitup.

Indonesia

Indonesiahasalongcoffeehistorythatgoesbacktothe1600s,whichhasitsshareof

upsanddowns.Inthelate19thcentury,theterriblecoffeerustdiseasecauseddeathtomany

ofthehigh-qualitycoffeeplants.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,Indonesiareplanted

withthedisease-resistantRobustacoffee.ArabicabeansstillplayapartintheIndonesian

coffeemarket,representingabout25%ofcoffeebeansgrownthere.

1.Whichofthefourcountriesstartedgrowingcoffeeearliest?

A.Brazil.B.Vietnam.C.Colombia.D.Indonesia.

2.WhatisspecialaboutVietnam?

A.Auniquekindofcoffeedrinkismadethere.

B.High-qualitycoffeebeansareproducedthere.

C.Coffeewasproducedforthehomemarketthere.

D.Coffeeplantingmetwithproblemsinthe1990sthere.

3.WhatdoBrazilandColombiahaveincommon?

A.Coffeeexportsaregrowinginbothcountries.

B.Theybothhaveacoffee-lovingpopulation.

C.Theysharethesamenumberofcoffeegrowers.

D.Coffeefarmsareownedbyfamiliesinbothcountries.

Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamousauthorsandillustratorswhenthey

cametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren'sLiteratureConference.Ihosted

suchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,JerryPinkneyandJames

Ransome.Iwouldstandattheairport,holdingoneoftheirbooksandwaitingtopickthemup

andthendrivethemaroundtowntoplacestheyneededtogoandassistthemduring

autographsessions.AftergraduatingfrommyuniversityandacceptingapositionatClemson

Universityin2003,1keptintouchwithJamesRansome.

In2005Ireceivedagrantfromthegovernmenttoconductafamily-literacyprogram.I

wantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedtenAfricanAmericanfamilieswith

childrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.Iprovidedeachofthefamilieswith

copiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedbyJames.

Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthlyworkshops,andthefinaleventwas

apresentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwithhim.Ibelievedthiseventwouldbea

meaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavingafamousillustratorofchildren'sliterature

comeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecausethefamiliesandIhadreadandresponded

toseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefiveworkshops.

James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthefamilies.Aparent,Ashley,told

methatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthavingparticipatedintheprogramand

loanedherson'sautographedcopiesofJames'sbooksfbrtheclasstoread.Lookingback

overmycareer,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneoftheaccomplishmentsofwhichIamthe

proudest,andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspartofit.

试卷第2页，共10页

4.HowdidtheauthorcomeintocontactwithJames?

A.Theauthormethimbyaccidentattheairport.

B.Theauthorwenttohimtoaskforanautograph.

C.Theauthorhostedhimwhenheattendedaconference.

D.Theauthorwasintroducedtohimbyauniversityprofessor.

5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutJames?

A.Heranmonthlyworkshops.B.HeisanAfricanAmerican.

C.Hehaswrittensevenbooks.D.HegraduatedfromClemsonUniversity.

6.WhatdidJamesdoforthefamily-literacyprogram?

A.Hegaveatalktothefamilies.

B.Heloanedhisbookstothefamilies.

C.Herespondedtothequestionsraisedbythefamilies.

D.Heaskedthegovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttothefamilies.

7.WhatisAshley'sattitudetowardsJames?

A.Doubtful.B.Caring.C.Tolerant.D.Appreciative.

TheRobbersCaveExperimentwaspartofaseriesofstudiesconductedbysocial

psychologistMuzaferSherifandhisworkmatesinthe1940sand1950s.Theresearchers

dividedboysatasummercampintotwogroups,andtheystudiedhowconflictdeveloped

betweenthem.Theyalsoinvestigatedwhatdidanddidn'tworktoreducegroupconflict.The

boyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.

Inthe1954study,boyswhowereapproximately11〜12yearsoldthoughtthattheywere

participatinginatypicalsummercamp,whichtookplaceatRobbersCaveStatePark.

However,thecampers'parentsknewthattheirchildrenwereactuallyparticipatingina

researchstudy.

Theboysarrivedatthecampintwoseparategroups:forthefirstpartofthestudy,they

spenttimewithmembersoftheirowngroup,withoutknowingthattheothergroupexisted.

Thegroupschosenames,theEaglesandtheRattlers.

Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup

andbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Thentheresearchersarrangeda

competitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgamessuchasbaseballand

tug-of-warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecametense.Thecampers

ratedtheirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（对立）group.

Todeterminethefactorsthatcouldreducegroupconflict,theresearchersfirstbrought

thecamperstogetherforfunactivitiessuchashavingamealorwatchingamovietogether.

However,thisdidn'tworktoreduceconflict.

Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwogroupsworkoncommongoals.For

example,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposelybytheresearchers,andtheEagles

andtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.Workingonsharedgoalseventually

reducedconflictandfriendshipsbegantoformwithmembersoftheothergroup.Intheend,

someofthecampersrequestedthateveryonefrombothgroupstakethebushometogether,

andonegroupboughtdrinksfortheothergroup.

8.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecampersinthe1954experiment?

A.Theirparentsheldsomethingbackfromthem.

B.Theywereaskedtotakepartinasocialpractice.

C.Theywereparticipatinginatypicalsummercamp.

D.Theirgroupswereformedbythenamestheychose.

9.Whatisthebeginningoftheboys9negativeattitudetotheothergroup?

A.Beingaskedtoratetheothergroup.

B.Hearingnegativeremarksfromtheothergroup.

C.Competinginatournamentagainsttheothergroup.

D.Becomingawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup.

10.Whywasthecamp'swatersupplycutoff?

A.Tocauseaconflictbetweenthetwogroups.

B.Totestthecampers5problem-solvingability.

C.Togetthetwogroupstoworkforacommongoal.

D.Toseehowmuchthecamperscareabouteachother.

11.WhatcanbeaconclusionfromSherifsexperiment?

A.Fightsbetweendifferentgroupsareunavoidable.

B.Oneshouldseekfriendshipwithoutgroupmembers.

C.Funactivitiesarethebestwaystoreducegroupconflict.

D.Groupmemberstendtoturnagainstoutgroupmembers.

ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,and

试卷第4页，共10页

starstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthe

late19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.

Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight（ALAN）,lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdsto

citieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,

andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble（缓行）awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.

Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfinding

abouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollution

fromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhen

theywouldnormallyreproduce.

Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawning（产）observations,

researcherswereabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawning

onetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlitcorals.t4That

shiftmayreducethesurvivalandfertilizationsuccessofgametes（酉己子）andgenetic

connectivitybetweennearbylitandunlitcoralsystems,theyexplain.

“Coralsareamongthemostbiodiverse,economicallyimportant,andthreatened

ecosystemsontheplanet,writetheauthorsofthestudy.

“Climatechangehasledtomassbleaching（褪色）events.Habitatdestruction,fisheries,

andpollutionhavereducedcoralssubstantiallysincethe1950s,^^theywrite,adding,"The

completelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.

IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecouldperhapslooktodelaythe

switching-onofnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiod

betweensunsetandmoonrisewhencoralreproductionremainsundisturbed.

12.Whyisthefirstparagraphwritten?

A.Topresentthetopicofthetext.B.Toadvocateenergyconservation.

C.Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"optimum“inparagraph2mean?

A.Possible.B.Appropriate.C.Flexible.D.Sensitive.

14.Whatistheresearchers5majorconcernovercorals?

A.Extinction.B.Losingvalue.

C.Terriblediseases.D.Exposuretomoonlight.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CreaturesRelyonNaturalLightstoScheduleTheirLife

B.Night-timeLightingShortensNaturalDarkPeriod

C.CoastalLightsTrickCoralsintoEarlySpawning

D.LightPollutionLeadstoSeriousConsequences

Manysignificantinternationalprojectshaveconsideredhowschoolingmightchangeto

bettermatchthechangesthathavetakenplaceinthe21stcentury.16Oneisashift

inthemeaningofknowledge,andtheotheristheneedtobuildeducationsystemsbased

aroundwhatwenowknowaboutlearning.

Theterm"'knowledgeage"or"knowledgeeconomy^^referstoareorganizationaway

fromanIndustrialAgeeconomy,whereexploitation（开采）ofnaturalresources,primary

productionandmassproductionwerethestandardmodelsforeconomicdevelopment.17

Thisisachievedthroughtherapidcreationofnewknowledgeandhasbecomethebasisfor

economicdevelopment.Itisarguedthateducationfortheknowledgeagemustfocusonthe

developmentoflearners5competencestodealwithnewsituationsandenvironments.

18Nordoesitdenytheneedforobviousgoalsforstudents5knowledge

development.Rather,thefuture-focusededucationliteraturesuggestsweneedtoadopta

muchmorecomplexviewofknowledge,onethatincorporatesknowing,doingandbeing.

Alongsidethisweneedtorethinkourideasabouthowourlearningsystemsareorganized,

resourcedandsupported.Researchclearlyshowsthatpeopledonotlearnwellaspassive

recipients（接受者）ofpre-packaged,bite-sizedpiecesofknowledge.19

Althoughsomeoftheseprinciplesareunderstoodbymanyteachers,oureducation

systemsandpracticesareoftensetupinwaysthatdonotsupporttheseprinciplestooperate

inpractice.Teachersandschoolleadersareattemptingparadigm（范式）shifts.20

A.Thereneedstobewiderpublicsupportforthem.

B.Therearetwoimportantideasthatsupportthiswork.

C.Thisdoesnotmeanthatknowledgenolongermatters.

D.Goodlearningrequiresactiveengagementinthe"wholegame”.

E.Wearerequiredtoprepareyoungpeoplefortheknowledgeage.

F.Thisispossibleonlywhenactivelearningapproachesareapplied.

G.Intheknowledgeage,theabilitytogeneratevalueisputinthefirstplace.

试卷第6页，共10页

二、完形填空

Ourlittledog,Dio,hadgrowntotenpoundsbeforeIcouldteachhimhowtogoupand

downthestairs.He21likeawind-uptoyonfourshortlegsandhewastop-heavy.

Anytimehetriedtowaddle（昆黄跚彳亍走）downthethreebrickstairsonourfrontporch,he

would22doingahandstandwithhistailwavinginthe23.Therefore,

therewasnowayhecould24theseventeenstepsbetweenthetwo25of

ourhouse.Itwasuptometo26himupstairsandwhenhewantedtocomedown

againhewouldstayatthetopofthestairs,barking27formyattention.

Oncehislittlelegswere28enoughtokeephisfatbellyfromscraping（副蹭）

everystair,Idecideditwastimeforhimto29togodownstairsonhisown.He

hatedeverysecondoftheprocess——30thetreatsIgavehimatthebottomofeach

step.Iwouldpat（轻拍）himfirst,thenholdhisfrontlegsand31placethemonthe

nextstepdownandthenhisbacklegs.Then,Igavehimatreat.Oncehestoppedshivering

（哆嗦），Iwould32himdowntothenextstepthesameway.Bythetimewegotto

thebottom,hewouldrunoff,33thatIhadmadehimfacehisfear.

Oneday,Inoticedhimgohalfwayupthestairs,stop,34,andthenrunback

downthestairsonhisown.Hewasdoingthisrepeatedly.Hewas35!Afterthatday,

hebecameanexpertattakingthestairs.

21.A.rolledB.walkedC.stretchedD.shook

22.A.cheerupB.standupC.showupD.endup

23.A.airB.distanceC.openD.light

24.A.avoidB.careaboutC.manageD.knockinto

25.A.roomsB.stairwaysC.wallsD.floors

26.A.carryB.hideC.feedD.lead

27.A.madlyB.willinglyC.pitifullyD.shamelessly

28.A.strongB.longC.flexibleD.heavy

29.A.seekB.pretendC.learnD.expect

30.A.insteadofB.thankstoC.dependingonD.exceptfor

31.A.gentlyB.randomlyC.quicklyD.awkwardly

32.A.driveB.followC.throwD.help

33.A.upsetB.disappointedC.regretfulD.suspicious

34.A.goforwardB.runaboutC.turnaroundD.getaway

35.A.watchingB.practicingC.thinkingD.withdrawing

三、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

AmuseumshowcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanalisexpectedtoopeninBeijing

nextweek.Some6,000itemsorsetsofexhibits36(close)relatedtoBeijingandthe

ancientcanalaretobedisplayed.

“TheGrandCanalMuseumofBeijing,alsocalledtheCapitalMuseumEastBranch,

37(locate)intheBeijingMunicipalAdministrativeCenterandhas38total

floorareaof99,700squaremeters,saidFengHao,whois39chargeofmuseum

collectionsattheCapitalMuseum.

Withadailycapacityof6,000visitors,thenewmuseumisdesigned40

(combine)boats,sailingandwaterelements,showcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanal.

Theexhibitionareaconsistsofbasic,41(theme),open,andtemporary

exhibition42(section)."Visitorscanenjoyaninteractiveexperience43

(reflect)thethemesofBeijingandtheGrandCanalintheopenexhibitionsectionthrough

44(digit)technology,9,Fengsaid.

Withahistoryofmorethan2,500years,theGrandCanalconnectsBeijingand

HangzhouinEastChina'sZhejiangProvince,45servedasasignificant

transportationrouteinancientChina.

四、书信写作

46.假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Paul给你发邮件说他对中国成语感兴趣，想学习

更多的中国成语。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1.你对中国成语的认识；

2.学习中国成语的建议。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearPaul,

试卷第8页，共10页

Yours,

LiHua

五、书面表达

47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

EversinceIcametoworkinmypresentcompanyfiveyearsago,Ihaveheardabouta

smallrestaurantnearbycalledLoveDad.Everybodybelievesthatitisownedbysomebody's

lovingdad.Therestaurantdoesgivethedinersasenseofhome.Thefurnishingsarehomely,

withdiningareaslookinglikefamilydiningrooms.Bestofall,theyhavehand-drawncards,

whichdinerscantakeawaywiththemwhencheckingout.Therestaurantdoesn'thavea

menu.Youneverknowwhatwillbeserveduntilyoucometoitsdoorwitha“servedtoday”

noticehangingtoit.

WheneverIpassby,Ijustcan'thelpenteringtoenjoythehomelyatmosphere.Ifsa

reminderofmyownhomeandmydad,whowillprepareagreatdinnerforthefamilyevery

day.Dadisamanagerinaconstructioncompanyandagreatcookathomeandnotonlya

greatcook.Heisthekindofhero-likefatherathome,whocanfixeverythinginthehomeand

dealwithallproblems.Asmyparentsliveinanothercity,thissmallhomelyrestaurantis

whereIchoosetogotocomfortmyhomesickness.

Curiosityaboutwhosedadtheowneroftherestaurantishasalwaysbeenthereamong

myworkmateswhoareitsregularcustomersbutitseemsthatnobodyhasaclue.Itdoesn't

mattermuchasallofthemcangetatasteofhomethere.

Lastmonth,whenIwashomefortheChristmasbreak,myparentstalkedtomeabout

theirplanforretirementandImentionedtherestaurantLoveDadtothem.Weallthoughtit

wouldbegreatifMomandDadcouldjointherestaurantinsomeway.Theyaskedmeabout

theexactlocationofitanddecidedtodealwiththematterthemselves.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Oneweeklater,IgotanemailfromDad.

Oneday,IwassittinginLoveDadagain.

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.D2.A3.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个咖啡产国的情况。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段"Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.（早在18

世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡。）"；第二段"CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe1800s.（咖啡

在19世纪进入越南。）"；第三段"CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiaintheearly1700s.（咖啡

在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚）”以及最后一段'Indonesiahasalongcoffeehistorythatgoes

backtothe1600s,whichhasitsshareofupsanddowns.（E|l尼有着悠久的咖啡历史，可以追溯

到17世纪，其间有起有落。广可知，Indonesia是种植咖啡最早的。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段“TheyalsomakeafamousCappuccino（卡布奇诺咖啡）notfound

elsewhere——famousbecauseitgetsadoseofraweggifthafstoyourliking.（他们还制作了——款

在其他地方找不到的著名的卡布奇诺——出名是因为如果你喜欢的话，它会加一些生鸡蛋

可知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第一段"Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeandconsumeitall

daylong.（巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。）”和第三段中“Colombianstypicallystarttheir

morningwithatinto.Ifsasmallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetenedwithsugar.（哥伦比亚人通

常以一杯tinto开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。厂可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共

同之处是都有喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。

4.C5.B6.A7.D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开展一个家庭扫盲计划，邀请了儿童书籍创

作者詹姆斯・兰瑟姆来参加，詹姆斯发表了讲话，鼓励了很多家庭。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamousauthorsand

illustratorswhentheycametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren'sLiterature

Conference.Ihostedsuchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,JerryPinkney

andJamesRansome.（在读博士期间，我为前来参加俄亥俄州立大学儿童文学大会的著名作家

和插画家担任主持人。我邀请了尼基・格莱姆斯、杰里・平克尼和詹姆斯・兰瑟姆等受人喜爱的

儿童书籍创作者）”可知，当James参加会议时，是作者接待了他，从而接触。故选C。

5.细节理角毕题o根据第二段中"IwantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedtenAfrican

答案第1页，共11页

AmericanfamilieswithchildrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.Iprovidedeachofthe

familieswithcopiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedbyJames.（我想看看当我让十

个有孩子的非裔美国家庭阅读非裔美国人写的和关于非裔美国人的书时会发生什么O我给每

个家庭提供了七本书，其中五本是詹姆斯的插图）”可知，James是一个非裔美国人。故选B。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段"Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthlyworkshops,and

thefinaleventwasapresentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwithhim.Ibelievedthis

eventwouldbeameaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavingafamousillustratorofchildren's

literaturecomeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecausethefamiliesandIhadreadand

respondedtoseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefiveworkshops.（这些家庭参加了一系歹！J

每月五个的研讨会，最后的活动是詹姆斯的演讲和他的签名会。我相信这次活动将是结束这

个项目的一个有意义的方式，让一位著名的儿童文学插画家来谈谈他的作品，特别是因为我

和我的家人在五个研讨会的过程中阅读并回应了他的几本书）”可知，James在家庭扫盲计划

中，对家庭发表了讲话。故选A。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段"James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthefamilies.A

parent,Ashley,toldmethatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthavingparticipatedinthe

programandloanedherson'sautographedcopiesofJames?sbooksfortheclasstoread.Looking

backovermycareer,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneoftheaccomplishmentsofwhichIamthe

proudest,andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspartofit.（詹姆斯的访问对这些家庭来说是

有益的和有启发的。一位名叫阿什利的家长告诉我，她给儿子的老师发了一张便条，告诉他

自己参加了这个项目，并把儿子亲笔签名的詹姆斯的书借给了全班学生阅读。回顾我的职业

生涯，这个家庭扫盲计划是我最自豪的成就之一，我特别高兴詹姆斯是其中的一员）”可推知，

Ashley对James的态度是“欣赏的”。故选D。

8.A9.D10.C11.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明群体成员倾向于反对群体外成员，文章

介绍了研究开展的具体过程。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theboyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.（孩子们对

实验一无所知。）”和第二段中"However,thecampers5parentsknewthattheirchildrenwere

actuallyparticipatinginaresearchstudy.（然而,营员的父母知道他们的孩子实际上是在参与一

项研究。）”可知，1954年实验中的营员参加了一个象征性的夏令营。故选A。

答案第2页，共11页

9.细节理解题。根据第四段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareoftheexistence

oftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.（过了很短的——段时间，

男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏话。）”可知，男孩对另一组

的消极态度始于意识到另一个群体的存在。故选D。

10.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwogroups

workoncommongoals.Forexample,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposelybythe

researchers,andtheEaglesandtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.（接下来，谢里夫

和他的同事们试着让两个小组为共同的目标而努力。例如，研究人员故意切断了营地的供水，

老鹰队和响尾蛇队共同努力解决了这个问题。）“可知，营地的供水被切断了是为了让两组人

为了一个共同的目标而工作。故选C。

11.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareofthe

existenceoftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Thenthe

researchersarrangedacompetitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgamessuchas

baseballandtug-of-warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecametense.The

campersratedtheirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（对立）group.（过了很短的一段时间，

男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏话。然后，研究人员在两组

之间安排了一场竞争性比赛，包括棒球和拔河等游戏，两组之间的关系很快变得紧张起来。

营员们对自己那一组的评价比对手那一组更积极。厂可知，在这个实验过程中，两个组的孩

子们在得知对方存在的时候，就开始表现出敌意，后面的研究项目是看在什么情况下敌意会

加剧，什么情况下敌意会被消除。故可推知，Sherif的实验可以得出结论：群体成员倾向于

反对群体外成员。故选D。

12.D13.B14.A15.C

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光

会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。

12.推理判断题o根据第一段内容“ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthe

lightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningof

electriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthe

naturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight（ALAN）,lightpollutionlures

migratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsect

答案第3页，共11页

populations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble（缓行）awayfromthewaterinsteadof

towardsit.（在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，

安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来

了问题。在夜间人造光（ALAN）的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，

导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。）”可知，文章第一段介绍了

始于19世末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，结合第二段“Now,anewstudyfhamthe

UniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthe

creatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊

瑚）intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce4现在，普

利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地

球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。）”讲述文章主题

是阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。

13.词句猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句"whentheywouldnormallyreproduce（当它

们正常繁殖的时候）”修饰theoptimumtime可知“theoptimumtimes”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖

时间“，所以画线词与appropriate”合适的，恰当的"。故选B。

14.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext

100years.（预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。广可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭

绝。故选A。

15.主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Now,anewstudyfi-omtheUniversityofPlymouth

addsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwe

sharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutside

oftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce4现在，普利茅斯大学的一■项新研究

增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即