航空公司的商务管理目标aviationassiagnmen

AviationAssignment

Submittedby:MinuPaulineD3,FIAT,Cochin.1ACKNOWLEDGMENTItakethisopportunitytothankallmyteachersandcolleaguesforhelpingmeouttocompletethispresentation.IspeciallythankourAviationfacultyMrs.Rossforgivingallassistanceinmywork.IalsothankallthefacultyandmycolleaguesatFrankFinnfortheirhelpandsupport.LastbutnottheleastIthankGodAlmightyforHisloveandcare.2IntroductionThisworkisastudyonthedevelopmentofaviationinIndia,lowcostairlines,domesticairlinesandimprovingeconomyofIndia.ThisgivesusanideaaboutCockpit,Cargoandabouttherelevanceofacabincrew.ThiscoversthearealikedealingthespecialpassengersandalsoaboutAirbus.3AviationIndustryinINDIAIndiaisoneofthefastestgrowingaviationmarketsintheworld.WiththeliberalizationoftheIndianaviationsector,theindustryhadwitnessedatransformationwiththeentryoftheprivatelyownedfullserviceairlinesandlowcostcarriers.AsofMay2006,privatecarriersaccountedforaround75%shareofthedomesticaviationmarket.Thesectorhasalsoseenasignificantincreaseinnumberofdomesticairtravelpassengers.SomeofthefactorsthathaveresultedinhigherdemandforairtransportinIndiaincludethegrowingmiddleclassanditspurchasingpower,lowairfaresofferedbylowcostcarriers,thegrowthofthetourismindustryinIndia,increasingoutboundtravelfromIndia,andtheoveralleconomicgrowthofIndia.4LowCostAirlines5Alow-costcarrierorlow-costairline(alsoknownasano-frillsordiscountcarrierorairline)isanairlinethatoffersgenerallylowfaresinexchangeforeliminatingmanytraditionalpassengerservices.TheconceptoriginatedintheUnitedStatesbeforespreadingtoEuropeintheearly1990sandsubsequentlytomuchoftherestoftheworld.Thetermoriginatedwithintheairlineindustryreferringtoairlineswithaloweroperatingcoststructurethantheircompetitors.Whilethetermisoftenappliedtoanycarrierwithlowticketpricesandlimitedservices,regardlessoftheiroperatingmodels,low-costcarriersshouldnotbeconfusedwithregionalairlinesthatoperateshortflightswithoutservice,orwithfull-serviceairlinesofferingsomereducedfares.

6LowcostairlinesinIndia7DOMESTICAIRLINESININDIAINDIGOAIRLINESGOAIRAIRLINESSPICEJETAIRLINESPARAMOUNTAIRLINESJETLITEAIRLINESKINGFISHERAIRLINESJETAIRWAYS8INDIGOAIRLINES

9Indigo--or"individualsonthego",forthefirsttimeallowedindividualtravelerstheabilitytoreserveandpurchaseasingleseatonatraditionalcorporateorbusinessjetwhichthenflewa"scheduled"flightlikeatraditionalairline.PriortoIndigotheonlybusinessjetservicesavailabletoconsumersconsistedofjetownershiporcharter,bothexpensiveoptionstoregularairlinetravel.Indigoisregardedastheoriginatoroftwonewcategoriesofcorporatejetairtravelservice:perseat,highfrequencyandthepublicorcommercialcorporatejet.IndigoAirlinescommencedoperationson4August2006withaservicefromDelhitoImphalviaGuwahati.TheairlineisownedbyInterGlobeEnterprises.IttookdeliveryofitsfirstAirbusA320aircrafton28July2006andreceivedsixaircraftduring2006.Ninemoreaircraftweredeliveredin2007takingthetotalto15.Thecarrierhassetatargetofservingapproximately30Indiancitiesby2010withafleetsizeof40A320andA321aircraft.Theairlinewillreceiveall100A320familyaircraftby2016.FormerUSAirwaysExecutiveVice-President,MarketingandPlanningBruceAshbyhasjoinedIndigoAirlinesastheirChiefExecutiveOfficer.TheIndianGovernmenthasapprovedtheairlines'aircraftimportplan"inprinciple".Theairlinehasalsoacquired3parkingspotsinNewDelhiandMumbaiairports.10INDIGORouteMap1112SpiceJetisalow-costairlinebasedinNewDelhi,India.ItbeganserviceinMay2005.EarlierknownasRoyalAirways,itisareincarnationofModiLuft.SpiceJetmarkeditsentryinservicewithRs.99faresforthefirst99days.Therewere9000seatsavailableatthisrate.ItfolloweditupwithaRs.999promotionalschemeonselectroutes.Theirmarketingthemeis"offeringlow'everydayspicyfares'andgreatguestservicestopriceconscioustravelers".Itwasvotedasthebestlow-costairlineinSouthAsiaandCentralAsiaregionbySkytraxin2007

13Route-Map14DestinationsAhmedabad-SardarPatelAirportBagdogra-BagdograAirportBangalore-BangaloreAirportCoimbatore-PeelameduAirportDelhi-IndiraGandhiAirportGoa-DabolimAirportGuwahati-LokapriyaGopinathBordoloiInternationalAirportHyderabad-ShamshabadAirportJaipur-SanganerAirportJammu-SatwariAirportKolkata-SubhashChandraBoseAirportMumbai-ChhatrapatiShivajiAirportPune-LohegaonAirportSrinagar-SheikhulAlamAirportVaranasi-BabatpurAirportVisakhapatnam-VisakhapatnamAirport1516TheairlinewasestablishedinJune2004.On9June2005GoAirannouncedthatitintendedtolaunchoperationsinOctober2005withafleetof20leasedAirbusA320aircraft.InitialflightswouldbeinthesouthernandwesternareasofIndiawiththefirstnineA320s,theremaining11aircraftbeingaddedinthesecondyear.AtthetimetheairlinewasindiscussionwithbothAirbusandBoeingonthepurchaseofbetween20and40newaircraft,withacontracttobeinplacebytheendof2005andwithdeliveriestostartby2007.17DestinationsAhmedabad-SardarPatelAirportCochin-NedumbasseryAirportDelhi-IndiraGandhiAirportVascodaGama-DabolimAirportJaipur-SanganerAirportJammu-SatwariAirportMumbai-ChhatrapatiShivajiAirportSrinagar-SheikhulAlamAirport1819Theairlinewasestablishedon20September1991andbeganoperationson3December1993withtwoBoeing737-200aircraftasSaharaAirlines.InitiallyserviceswereprimarilyconcentratedinthenorthernsectorsofIndia,keepingDelhiasitsbase,andthenoperationswereextendedtocoverallthecountry.SaharaAirlineswasrebrandedasAirSaharaon2October2000,althoughSaharaAirlinesremainsthecarrier'sregisteredname.On22March2004itbecameaninternationalcarrierwiththestartofflightsfromChennaitoColombo.ItispartofthemajorSaharaIndiaPariwarbusinessconglomerate.Theuncertaintyovertheairline'sfatehascauseditsshareofthedomesticIndianairtransportmarketgodownfromapproximately11%inJanuary2006toareported8.5%inApril.20DestinationsHyderabad-HyderabadInternationalAirportVisakhapatnam-VisakhapatnamAirportDibrugarh-MohanbariAirportGuwahati-LokpriyaGopinathBordoloiInternationalAirportJorhat-JorhatAirportRaipur-ManaAirportIndiraGandhiInternationalAirportVascodaGama-DabolimAirportAhmedabad-SardarVallabhbhaiPatelInternationalAirportJammuandKashmirSrinagar-SheikhulAlamAirportBangalore-BangaloreAirport21Kochi-NedumbasseryAirportMadhyaPradeshIndore-DeviAhilyabaiHolkarAirportAurangabad-ChikkalthanaAirportMumbai-ChhatrapatiShivajiInternationalAirportNagpur-SonegaonAirportPune-LohegaonAirportImphal-TulihalAirportBhubaneswar-BijuPatnaikAirportJaipur-SanganerAirportChennai-MeenambakkamAirportCoimbatore-PeelameduAirportGorakhpur-GorakhpurAirportKolkata-NetajiSubhashChandraBoseInternationalAirport2223ParamountAirwaysisanairlinebasedinChennai,India.Itoperatesscheduledservices,mainlytargetingbusinesstravellers.ItshubisChennaiInternationalAirport.ItisthefirstairlineinIndiatolaunchtheNewGenerationEmbraer170/190familyseriesaircrafts.ParamountAirwaysisapremiumservicescheduleairlineofferingcompetitivefares,andfirsttimedirectservicestoanumberofcommercialhubsinIndia,connectingthesetoprimarymetrosacrossthecountry.ItistheonlyairlineinIndiatoofferfullbusinessclassserviceatpricescomparativetonormaleconomyclassfaresofotherairlines.24DestinationsParamountAirwayscurrentlyfliesto12destinationsthroughoutSouthindiaandWestIndia.Theairlineaddedits12thdestinationonNovember12,2008whenitresumedservicefromPune.2526KingfisherAirlinesisanairlinebasedinBangalore,India.Itoperates218flightsadayandhasanetworkof38destinations,withregionalandlong-haulinternationalservices.ItsmainbasesareBangaloreInternationalAirport,ChhatrapatiShivajiInternationalAirport,RajivGandhiInternationalAirportandIndiraGandhiInternationalAirport.KingfisherAirlines,throughoneofitsholdingcompaniesUnitedBreweriesGroup,has50%stakeinlow-costcarrierKingfisherRed,formerlyknownasAirDeccan.

AboutKingfisher…27India’sImprovingEconomyIndiaisfamousforTOURISM.TherearemanythingsforseenlikeHistoricalplaces,Indianculture,temples,somanyofforeignpeoplecomehereandseetheseplacesandbecauseofdomesticairlinetheyeasilycanreachthereindifferentplaces.AviationindustryisalsohelpindevelopingIndianEconomy.IndiaisfamousforTOURISM.TherearemanythingsforseenlikeHistoricalplaces,Indianculture,temples,somanyofforeignpeoplecomehereandseetheseplacesandbecauseofdomesticairlinetheyeasilycanreachthereindifferentplaces.AviationindustryisalsohelpindevelopingIndianEconomy.28PartsofanAircraft29Airplanesaretransportationdeviceswhicharedesignedtomovepeopleandcargofromoneplacetoanother.Airplanescomeinmanydifferentshapesandsizesdependingonthemissionoftheaircraft.Theairplaneshownonthisslideisaturbine-poweredairlinerwhichhasbeenchosenasarepresentativeaircraft.Foranyairplanetofly,youmustlifttheweightoftheairplaneitself,thefuel,thepassengers,andthecargo.Thewingsgeneratemostofthelifttoholdtheplaneintheair.Togeneratelift,theairplanemustbepushedthroughtheair.Thejetengines,whicharelocatedbeneaththewings,providethethrusttopushtheairplaneforwardthroughtheair.Theairresiststhemotionintheformofaerodynamicdrag.Someairplanesusepropellersforthepropulsionsysteminsteadofjets.Tocontrolandmaneuvertheaircraft,smallerwingsarelocatedatthetailoftheplane.Thetailusuallyhasafixedhorizontalpiece(calledthehorizontalstabilizer)andafixedverticalpiece(calledtheverticalstabilizer).Thestabilizers'jobistoprovidestabilityfortheaircraft,tokeepitflyingstraight.Theverticalstabilizerkeepsthenoseoftheplanefromswingingfromsidetoside,whilethehorizontalstabilizerpreventsanup-and-downmotionofthenose.(OntheWrightbrother'sfirstaircraft,thehorizontalstabilizerwasplacedinfrontofthewings.SuchaconfigurationiscalledacanardaftertheFrenchwordfor"duck").

30At

therearofthewingsandstabilizersaresmallmovingsectionsthatareattachedtothefixedsectionsbyhinges.Inthefigure,thesemovingsectionsarecoloredbrown.Changingtherearportionofawingwillchangetheamountofforcethatthewingproduces.Theabilitytochangeforcesgivesusameansofcontrollingandmaneuveringtheairplane.Thehingedpartoftheverticalstabilizeriscalledtherudder;itisusedtodeflectthetailtotheleftandrightasviewedfromthefrontofthefuselage.Thehingedpartofthehorizontalstabilizeriscalledtheelevator;itisusedtodeflectthetailupanddown.Theoutboardhingedpartofthewingiscalledtheaileron;itisusedtorollthewingsfromsidetoside.Mostairlinerscanalsoberolledfromsidetosidebyusingthespoilers.Spoilersaresmallplatesthatareusedtodisrupttheflowoverthewingandtochangetheamountofforcebydecreasingtheliftwhenthespoilerisdeployed.Thewingshaveadditionalhinged,rearsectionsnearthebodythatarecalledflaps.Flapsaredeployeddownwardontakeoffandlandingtoincreasetheamountofforceproducedbythewing.Onsomeaircraft,thefrontpartofthewingwillalsodeflect.Slatsareusedattakeoffandlandingtoproduceadditionalforce.Thespoilersarealsousedduringlandingtoslowtheplanedownandtocounteracttheflapswhentheaircraftisontheground.Thenexttimeyouflyonanairplane,noticehowthewingshapechangesduringtakeoffandlanding.Thefuselageorbodyoftheairplane,holdsallthepiecestogether.Thepilotssitinthecockpitatthefrontofthefuselage.Passengersandcargoarecarriedintherearofthefuselage.Someaircraftcarryfuelinthefuselage;otherscarrythefuelinthewings.Asmentionedabove,theaircraftconfigurationinthefigurewaschosenonlyasanexample.Individualaircraftmaybeconfiguredquitedifferentlyfromthisairliner.TheWrightBrothers1903Flyerhadpusherpropellersandtheelevatorsatthefrontoftheaircraft.Fighteraircraftoftenhavethejetenginesburiedinsidethefuselageinsteadofinpodshungbeneaththewings.Manyfighteraircraftalsocombinethehorizontalstabilizerandelevatorintoasinglestabilatorsurface.Therearemanypossibleaircraftconfigurations,butanyconfigurationmustprovideforthefourforcesneededforflight.31Tools&TechnologyinaircraftAircraftcommunicationsystems—SatelliteaircraftcommunicationsystemsAircraftenvironmentcontrollers—CabinmanagementsystemsAircraftescapeorejectionsystems—Emergencyexitdoorsandwindows;Evacuationslides;Slideraftpacks;WindowexitescaperopesAircraftfirecontrolorextinguishingsystems—Aircraftfireextinguishingsystems

Aircraftoxygenequipment—Chemicaloxygengenerators;Portableoxygenbottles;Protectivebreathingequipment;SupplementaloxygensystemsCoolcontainers—Refreshmentcarts;Refrigerationunits;StoragecompartmentsLifevestsorpreservers—Flotationseatcushions;LifepreserversLifeboatsorliferafts—Emergencyrafts;Sliderafts32A-30033AirbusA-300TheAirbusA300isashort-tomedium-rangewidebodyaircraft.Launchedin1972astheworld'sfirsttwin-enginedwidebody,itwasthefirstproductoftheAirbusconsortiumofEuropeanaerospacecompanies,whollyownedtodaybyEADS.TheA300ceasedproductioninJuly2007,alongwiththesmallerA310.FreightersalesforwhichtheA300competedaretobefulfilledbyanewA330-200Fderivative

34Airbusalsodevelopedthreedifferentversionsoftheplane.ThefirstonewastheA300-600Convertiblethatcouldbeeasilyadjustedtocarrypassengersorcargo.Thisversionhasn’treceivedanyorders.AverypopularversionistheA300-600F,afullycargoversionoftheA300.Thisversioncancarrynopassengersandhastwocargodoorsforquickload.ItusestwoGeneralElectricCF6-80C-2A5equippedwithFADECsystem(lookatAirbusA320formoreinformation).Simultaneously,airlinescanalsochoosethePratt&WhitneyPW4158.TheaircraftmadeitsfirstflightinDecember2nd1993.FederalExpressplacedanorderfor25A300-600Fwithoptionfor50more.Airbusalsodevelopeda“strange”versionofA300,theA300-600ST,aplanedesignedtoreplacetheAerospacelinesGuppythatusedtotransferthepartsoftheaircraftsfromthefactoriestotheassemblyline.Theupperpartofthefuselageisenlargedsoastocarrylargepartsofaircraftssuchaswings,partsofthefuselageetc.Themaximumwidthofthefuselageis7.37m.Theseplanesarecalled“Beluga”andfourofthemwereconstructed.AirbusA300wasthefirstprojectofAirbusIndustriesandshowedtheabilitiesoftheEuropeanaircraftmanufacturers.Throughthisaircraft,AirbusmanagedtocompetewiththerulingBoeingandthisprojectgavetheavailabilitytothecompanytoconstructtheultimateplanes,theA340andA320.Itwillremainasaveryusefulandefficientaircraftthatchangedthefaceoftheaircraftdesign.35TechnologyAirbuspartnersemployedthelatesttechnology,somederivedfromtheConcorde.Onentryintoservicein1974,theA300wasveryadvancedandinfluencedlatersubsonicairlinerdesigns.Thetechnologicalhighlightsinclude:AdvancedwingsbydeHavilland(laterBAESystems)with:supercriticalairfoilsectionforeconomicalperformanceadvancedaerodynamicallyefficientflightcontrols222-inchdiametercircularfuselagesectionfor8-abreastpassengerseatingandwideenoughfor2LD3cargocontainersside-by-sideStructuresmadefrommetalbillets,reducingweightFirstairlinertobefittedwithwindshearprotectionAdvancedautopilotscapableofflyingtheaircraftfromclimb-outtolandingElectricallycontrolledbrakingsystem36LaterA300sincorporateotheradvancedfeaturessuchas2-mancrewbyautomatingtheflightengineer'sfunctions,anindustryfirstGlasscockpitflightinstrumentsExtensiveuseofcompositesforanaircraftofitseraCenter-of-gravitycontrolbyshiftingaroundfuelThefirstairlinertousewingtipfencesforbetteraerodynamicsAllthesemadetheA300asubstituteforthewidebodytrijetssuchasMcDonnellDouglasDC-10andLockheedL-1011forshorttomediumroutes.Ontheearlyversions,AirbususedthesameenginesandsimilarmajorsystemsastheDC-1037AirbusA3003839Cockpit40Acockpitisthearea,usuallynearthefrontofanaircraft,fromwhichapilotcontrolstheaircraft.Mostmoderncockpitsareenclosed,exceptonsomesmallaircraft,andcockpitsonlargeairlinersarealsophysicallyseparatedfromthecabin.Cockpitasatermforthepilot'scompartmentinanaircraftfirstappearedin1914.Fromabout1935cockpitalsocametobeusedinformallytorefertothedriver'sseatofacar,especiallyahighperformanceone,andthisisofficialterminologyinFormulaOne.Thetermismostlikelyrelatedtothesailingtermforthecoxswain'sstationinaRoyalNavyship,andlaterthelocationoftheship'sruddercontrols.Thecockpitofanaircraftcontainsflightinstruments,calledaninstrumentpanel,andthecontrolswhichenablethepilottoflytheaircraft.Inmostlargeairliners,adoorseparatesthecockpitfromthepassengercompartment.AftertheSeptember11,2001terroristattacks,allmajorairlinesfortifiedthecockpitagainstunauthorizedaccessbyhijackers.41Onanairliner,thecockpitisusuallyreferredtoastheflightdeck.ThistermderivesfromitsusebytheRAFfortheseparate,upperplatformwherethepilotandco-pilotsatinlargeflyingboats.Thefirstairplanewithanenclosedcabinappearedin1913onIgoSikorsky'sairplaneTheGrand.However,duringthe1920sthereweremanypassengeraircraftinwhichthecrewwereopentotheairwhilethepassengerssatinacabin.Militarybiplanesandthefirstsingle-enginedfightersandattackaircraftalsohadopencockpitsintotheSecondWorldWar.Earlyairplaneswithclosedcockpitswerethe1924Fokkertri-motor,the1926FordTri-Motor,the1927LockheedVega,theSpiritofSt.Louis,the1931TaylorCub,GermanJunkersusedasmilitarytransports,andthepassengeraircraftmanufacturedbytheDouglasandBoeingcompaniesduringthemid-1930s.Open-cockpitairplaneswerealmostextinctbythemid-1950s,withtheexceptionoftrainingplanesandcrop-dusters.Cockpitwindowsmaybeequippedwithasunshield.Mostcockpitshavewindowswhichcanbeopenedwhentheaircraftisontheground.NearlyallglasswindowsinlargeaircrafthaveaAnti-reflectivecoating,andaninternalheatingelementtomeltice.Smalleraircraftmaybeequippedwithatransparentaircraftcanopy.42CargoAircargoiscommonlyknownasfreight.TherearemanyfirmswhichcollectfreightfromashipperanddeliverittothecustomersuchasNightfreightorUPS.Aircraftwerefirstusedforcarryingmailascargoin1911,buteventuallymanufacturersstarteddesigningaircraftforfreightaswell.TherearemanycommercialaircraftsuitableforcarryingcargosuchastheBoeing747andthebiggerAn-124,whichwerepurposebuilttobeeasilyconvertedtoacargoaircraft.SuchverylargeaircraftalsoemployquickloadingcontainersknownasULDsmuchlikecontainerizedcargoships.

43Cargoairlines(orairfreightcarriers,andderivativesofthesenames)areairlinesdedicatedtothetransportofcargo.Somecargoairlinesaredivisionsorsubsidiariesoflargerpassengerairlines

44CABINCREWFlightattendantsorcabincrew(historicallyknownasstewards,

airhosts/hostesses,orstewardesses)aremembersofanaircrewemployedbyairlinestoensurethesafetyandcomfortofthepassengersaboardcommercialflightsaswellasonselectbusinessjetaircraftANEMPLOYEEOFANAIRLINEWHOISPRIMARILYRESPONSIBLEFORTHESAFETYANDCOMFORTOPASSENGERSDURINGTHEIRFLIGHTISCALLEDACABINCREW45DutiesofaCabinCrewDirectandassistpassengersintheeventofanemergency,suchasdirectingpassengerstoevacuateaplanefollowinganemergencylanding.Announceanddemonstratesafetyandemergencyproceduressuchastheuseofoxygenmasks,seatbelts,andlifejacketsWalkaislesofplanestoverifythatpassengershavecompliedwithfederalregulationspriortotake-offsandlandings.Verifythatfirstaidkitsandotheremergencyequipment,includingfireextinguishersandoxygenbottles,areinworkingorder.Administerfirstaidtopassengersindistress.Attendpreflightbriefingsconcerningweather,altitudes,routes,emergencyprocedures,crewcoordination,lengthsofflights,foodandbeverageservicesoffered,andnumbersofpassengers.Preparepassengersandaircraftforlanding,followingprocedures.Determinespecialassistanceneedsofpassengerssuchassmallchildren,theelderly,ordisabledpersons.Checktoensurethatfood,beverages,blankets,readingmaterial,emergencyequipment,andothersuppliesareaboardandareinadequatesupply.Reassurepassengerswhensituationssuchasturbulenceareencountered.46QualitiesofACabinCrewTECHNICHALKNOWLEDGEMATURITYADAPTABILITYJUDGEMENTTACTDIPLOMACYGROOMINGATTITUDE47FRIENDLYEMPATHETICSINCEREDEDICATEDGOODLISTENERAGOODCOMMUNICATOR48Beverages

49AlcoholicBeveragesAdmiralNelson'sRum,PremiumMerlotCoors,BeefeaterGin,PremiumChardonnayCoors,LightCanadian,Mist

Heineken,ChivasRegalScotch,BrandyLiquors,Molson,FinlandiaVodka,Amaretto,NewCastle,JackDanielsBlackLabel,Amarula

,

Courvoisier.50Non-AlcoholicCocacolaClassicDietCokeCocacolaZeroSpriteSpriteZeroDasanibottledwaterCanadaDryMilkTeaJavacityhand–roastedregular/decaffeinatedcoffees51Trays52Clearingtrays53Others

SpecialMealservicesAsianBabyChildBlandDiabeticGluten-freeKosherLow-sodiumMuslimSeafood(cold)Vegetarian(Pure)54SpecialPassengersUnaccompaniedMinor:Achildorinfantwhois3monthofageoroverbutunder12yrsofage.Invalidpassenger&mentallychallengedpassenger:Passengerswhosephysicall