山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题

20222023学年度第一学期期中考试高一英语试题(A)注意事项：1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2．答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhereisMarygoing?A.ToEmily’shouse.B.Toarestaurant.C.Toalibrary.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Gethishaircut.B.Mailaletter.C.Gotoschool.3.Whatmadethewomanbuytheskirt?A.Itscolor.B.Itsstyle.C.Itsmaterial.4.Howmuchchangeshouldthewomangivetheman?A.20yuan.B.30yuan.C.50yuan.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?A.Moving.B.Confusing.C.Interesting.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomanetoseetheman?A.Tocheckhisbag.B.Topickhimup.C.Toreturnhiscase.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Atanairport.C.Inahotel.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Stormy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.9.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Getinthecar.B.Walkbackhome.C.Closethewindows.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whyisthewomanannoyedwiththeman?A.Heleavesthebabycrying.B.Heallowsthebabytosmoke.C.Heplaysrockmusicforthebaby.11.Whatisthemangoingtodointheend?A.Singalongwithmusic.B.ReadaboutBeethoven.C.Putonclassicalmusic.12.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.14.Howoftendoesthemandrivehiscar?A.Almosteveryday.B.Onceaweek.C.Onceamonth.15.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodowhilecycling?A.Keephimselfwarm.B.Observetrafficlights.C.Havehisheadprotected.16.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Toasportsshop.B.Toatrainstation.C.Tothewoman’soffice.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.Attractcustomers.B.Givedirections.C.Offeradvice.18.WhereisJackson’sStore?A.Nexttoapark.B.Inasmallbuilding.C.DowntownonThirdStreet.19.WhoaretheTshirtsandpantsatJackson’sStorefor?A.Women.B.Children.C.Men.20.WhydoesthespeakersuggestgoingtoJackson’sStoretoday?A.Thereisabigsale.B.Therearefreeshorts.C.Therearenicenewshoes.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInordertocelebratetheingEarthDay,ourschoollibraryisgoingtoholdaspecialcontest.Allstudentsinourschoolareinvitedtouserecycledmaterialstocreateaworkofart.Rules:★Oneentry(参赛作品)perstudent.★Atleast70%ofthematerialsusedtomakeyourentryarerecycledmaterials.Pleasedonotincludeanythingthatcannotbesafelyrecycled.★Yourentrymustbenolargerthan42inchesinanyonedirectionanditmustbeabletostandaloneonthetable.★Yourentrymustbeyourowncreation.Don’tcopyideasfromothers.*Writeyourname,age,phonenumberandemailaddressonthebackofyourentry.★Theentrymustbesubmitted(提交)totheFrontDeskofthelibrarybefore4pmon18April2022.Prizes:Alltheentrieswillbeshowninthelibrary’sfrontwindow.Everyonewillhavethechancetovote(投票)fortheirfavouriteentriesfrom19to21April2022．Threewinnerswillbechosen．Theresultswillbepostedontheschoolwebsiteon22April2022.Winnerswillreceive$200,$100or$50giftcardstoalocalartstore.Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourschoolwebsiteath.1.What’sthedeadlineforsubmissionoftheentry?A.6pmon19April2022.B.4pmon18April2022.C.4pmon21April2022.D.6pmon20April2022.2.On22April2022,whatwillEmmagetifshewinsthecontest?A.Amedal.B.Somemoney.C.Agiftcard.D.Alibrarycard.3.What’sthewritingpurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceaspecialcontest.B.Toencouragestudentstoreducewaste.C.ToexplaintheimportanceofEarthDay.D.Toaskstudentstovotefortheirfavouriteentries.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍学校在图书馆举办的特殊比赛。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Rules部分“Theentrymustbesubmitted(提交)totheFrontDeskofthelibrarybefore4pmon18April2022.(参赛作品必须在2022年4月18日下午4点前提交到图书馆前台。)”可知，参赛作品提交的截止时间是2022年4月18日下午4点。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Prizes部分“Winnerswillreceive$200,$100or$50giftcardstoalocalartstore.(获奖者将获得到200美元，100美元或50美元的当地艺术商店礼品卡。)”可知，2022年4月22日，如果艾玛赢得比赛，她会得到当地艺术商店礼品卡。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“InordertocelebratetheingEarthDay,ourschoollibraryisgoingtoholdaspecialcontest.(为了庆祝即将到来的地球日，我们学校图书馆将举办一场特别比赛。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一场特别的比赛。故选A。BCañoCristalesisafamousriverinColombiaknownasthe“riveroffivecolours”.Itisalsoconsideredbymanyasthemostbeautifulriverintheworld.LocatedintheSerraníadelaMacarenaNationalParkinColombia,theriverismadeupofseveralwaterfalls,rapidsandplentyofpools.Withalengthofaround62miles,itliesentirelywithinthenationalpark.FromJanuarytoMay,CañoCristaleslookslikeanyotherriver.Thereisabedofrockscoveredwithmoss(苔藓)belowacool,clearriver.However，betweenJuneandearlyDecemberthemostamazingchangetakesplacethere.Duringthistime,theriverbeesamixofcolours,includingyellow,blue,green,orangeandred.AnditisthemostbeautifulfromJulytoOctober.Atfirst,peoplethoughtthecoloursmightbemanmade.However,thisrainbowlikeriverisformedpletelynaturally.Thecoloursaretheresultofarareplantintheriverwhichchangesitscoloursaccordingtohowmuchsunlightitreceives.Theplantisbeautifulbutweak.Thismakesiteasilydamaged.Withintheparktherearealotofhumanactivitiesthatmaycausedamagetotheriver.NormallyfrommidDecembertoMay,theriverisclosedtotouriststogivethearea’secosystemabreak.Also,duringthedryseasonthereisnotenoughwatertosupportlifeintheriver.Anyway,CañoCristalesstandsoutasoneofColombia’smostpopularnaturalattractions,drawingthousandsoftouristseveryyear.4.Toenjoythemostbeautifulviewoftheriver,youcanvisititin________.A.JanuaryB.AprilC.JuneD.October5.Whydoestheriverhavesomanycolors?A.Becausetheriverisartificial.B.Becausethereisarainbowintheriver.C.Becauseaplantintherivercanchangeitscolours.D.Becausetherearelotsofcolourfulrocksintheriver.6.Whatcanyoulearnabouttheriverfromthetext?A.Theriveriscolourfulallthetime.B.Theriverisclosedmostoftheyear.C.Thebeautyoftherivercanbedamagedeasily.D.Lifeintheriverdoesn’tneedmuchwatertosupport.7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Inageographymagazine.B.Inabusinessnewspaper.C.Inasciencereport.D.Inastorybook.【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是哥伦比亚著名的河流CañoCristales，它被称为“五色之河”，也被许多人认为是世界上最美丽的河流。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“AnditisthemostbeautifulfromJulytoOctober.(从七月到十月是最美丽的。)”可知，要欣赏最美丽的河流景色，你可以在十月来观赏，故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thecoloursaretheresultofarareplantintheriverwhichchangesitscoloursaccordingtohowmuchsunlightitreceives.(这些颜色是河里一种稀有植物的结果，它会根据它接受的阳光的多少而改变颜色。)”可知，这条河有这么多颜色是因为河里的植物可以改变颜色。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Theplantisbeautifulbutweak.Thismakesiteasilydamaged.Withinthepark,therearealotofhumanactivitiesthatmaycausedamagetotheriver.(这株植物很漂亮，但很弱。这使得它很容易损坏。在公园内，有很多人类活动可能会对河流造成破坏。)”可知，这条河的美丽很容易被破坏。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“CañoCristalesisafamousriverinColombiaknownasthe“riveroffivecolours”.Itisalsoconsideredbymanyasthemostbeautifulriverintheworld.(CañoCristales是哥伦比亚著名的河流，被称为“五色之河”。它也被许多人认为是世界上最美丽的河流。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是哥伦比亚著名的河流CañoCristales，是关于国家地理的，因此可能来自于地理杂志，故选A。CThecityofBrightonandHoveisaskingtouse“beebricks”intheconstructionofallbuildingsabove5meterstohelpencouragebeeswhichdon’tharmhumanstonest(筑巢)inthem.BeebricksarewhatseemtobepiecesofSwisscheese,buttheyareactuallynormalbuildingbrickscreatedwithsmallholesintowhichbeestypicallynest.Oldbrickbuildingshavebeenconsideredasexcellenthabitatforbees,soBrightonandHoveistryingtousethissimpleinventiontooffermoreroomtobees.Noteveryoneconcursthatthesebeebricksareagoodidea.Somepointoutthatthereisnotenoughproofthattheholesarelargeenoughforabeenest,thattheyhaveapopulationimpact,orthattheholeshavetobecleanedtopreventharmfulmites(螨虫)fromlivingthere.However,therearestudiesthatfindbeeswillbuildnestsinsidetheseholesandcaptheentrywaystohibernate(冬眠).Somescientistsaddthatthemiteswilldisappearafteroneortwoseasonsandthattheydon’tneedtobecleaned.LarsChittka,aprofessoratQueenMaryUniversity,saidthatbeesnaturallyownhygienic(卫生的)behaviorthatwouldallowthemtoreducetherisksatleasttosomedegree,orthattheywouldexaminetheholes’statesbeforeusingthem,whichshouldtosomedegreereducetherisksthatewithsuchlongtermnestingopportunities.FayeClifton,CEOofGreen&Blue,thepanythatmakesthebricks,saysmodernbuildingsdon’thavethesenaturalholesbeesdependon.Ifnotforbeebricks,shewarns,hundredsofmilesoflandcouldloseitsbiologicaldiversity.Shealsostressesbeefriendlyplantingneedstogowiththeuseofbeebricksasmostbeeswillonlysearchforfoodwithin100metersoftheirnestingplaces.8.WhyisSwisscheesementioned?A.Toshowthefunctionofbeebricks.B.Toshowthepopularityofbeebricks.C.Toshowtheappearanceofbeebricks.D.Toshowtheinspirationforbeebricks.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concurs”inParagraph3mean?A.Agrees.B.Suggests.C.ments.D.Realizes.10.WhatdoLarsChittka’swordsshow?A.Beesaregoodattakingrisks.B.Beeslikethebeebricksbest.C.Beeswilllivewellinthebeebricks.D.Beeslikecleanlivingenvironments.11.WhatmayFayeCliftonagreewith?A.Modernbuildingsarenotgreenenough.B.Thenumberofbeefriendlyplantsistoosmall.C.Itishardtoincreasebiologicaldiversityincities.D.Beefriendlyplantingshouldbeneartobeebricks.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜂砖的外形，特点及用蜂砖为蜜蜂筑巢优缺点。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“BeebricksarewhatseemtobepiecesofSwisscheese,buttheyareactuallynormalbuildingbrickscreatedwithsmallholesintowhichbeestypicallynest.(蜜蜂砖看起来像瑞士奶酪块，但它们实际上是普通的建筑砖，上面有小孔，蜜蜂通常会在其中筑巢。)”可知，蜂砖像奶酪块一样，上面有小孔。故推知提到瑞士奶酪是为了展现出蜂砖的外形，故选C。9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Somepointoutthatthereisnotenoughproofthattheholesarelargeenoughforabeenest,thattheyhaveapopulationimpact,orthattheholeshavetobecleanedtopreventharmfulmites(螨虫)fromlivingthere.(一些人指出，没有足够的证据表明这些洞足够大，可以容纳蜂巢，它们对人口有影响，或者必须清理这些洞以防止有害的螨虫生活在那里。)”可知，本段主要介绍蜂砖的缺点，故推知有些人不同意使用蜂砖。因为第三段句首有否定词Not，故推知concurs表示“同意”，与agrees意义一致。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“LarsChittka,aprofessoratQueenMaryUniversity,saidthatbeesnaturallyownhygienic(卫生的)behaviorthatwouldallowthemtoreducetherisksatleasttosomedegree,orthattheywouldexaminetheholes’statesbeforeusingthem,whichshouldtosomedegreereducetherisksthatewithsuchlongtermnestingopportunities.(伦敦玛丽女王大学大学教授LarsChittka表示，蜜蜂天生具有卫生的行为，这至少可以在一定程度上降低风险，或者它们会在使用之前检查洞的状态，这应该在一定程度上降低这种长期筑巢机会带来的风险。)”可知，LarsChittka支持蜜蜂住在蜂砖里。故推知LarsChittka表明蜜蜂会在蜜蜂砖中生活得很好。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shealsostressesbeefriendlyplantingneedstogowiththeuseofbeebricksasmostbeeswillonlysearchforfoodwithin100metersoftheirnestingplaces.(她还强调，蜜蜂友好型的植物需要与蜂砖一起投入到使用中，因为大多数蜜蜂只会在筑巢地点100米内寻找食物。)”可知，FayeClifton认为大多数蜜蜂只会在筑巢地点100米内寻找食物，所以应该将蜜蜂友好型的植物靠近蜂砖一些。故推知FayeClifton赞同蜜蜂友好型的植物靠近蜂砖一些，故选D。DDespitemanyairpollutionreductionpolicies(政策)designedtoimprovehealth,thesearealwaysineffective.Oftenthisisbecausetheyfailtoconsiderlocalknowledgeandculturalpractices.Previousresearchsuggeststhatpeopleshouldbeputatthecentreofdevelopingwaysaroundtheproblem.Thus,astudyhasbeendonetoconfirmit.Oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,Dr.CressidaBowyerfromtheUniversityofPortsmouth,says,“Forthefirsttime,astudyhasplacedartsandhumanities(人文学科)methodsatthecentreoftheexplorationofperceptions(感知)ofairpollution.Workingwithlocalmunities,wewereabletodiscoverhowpeoplethereunderstoodairpollution.”ResearchersfromtheUniversityofPortsmouth,andresearchersandexpertsfromtheUK,KenyaandSwedenworkedtogetherwithlocalpeopleinMukuruinNairobi,thecapitalofKenyainEastAfrica,toexplorearangeofmethodsincludingstorytelling,music,artandtheatretoexploreunderstandingsofairpollution.Somemunitymembersmadedigital(数字的)storiesbytakingphotosaroundMukuruwhichtoldtheirstoryofairpollution.Trainedmunityresearchershelpedschoolchildrentocreatedrawnand/orwrittenstoriesoftheirexperiencesofairpollution.TheatrepieceswerepresentedinkeymunityspacesaroundMukuru.Suggestionsweregivenbytheaudienceabouthowtosolvetheproblemandlocalpeopleactedouttheirsuggestionsaspartofthetheatre.Thesong“Mazingira”,whichexplainedtheproblemsofairpollution,hadbeenplayedonnationalradioandtelevisionstationswithanaudienceofaboutthreemillionpeople.Dr.SarahWest,PrincipalInvestigatorattheStockholmEnvironmentCentre,says,“FromthisrangeofmethodswehavegotamoredetailedunderstandingofhowairpollutionisperceivedandunderstoodinMukuru.Theprojectalsocreatednewspacesforconversationsaboutthetopicofairpollutioninthemunity.Weexpectotherresearcherswishingtodiscussdifficultproblemstousevariouscreativemethodstohaveawiderangeofpeopletakepartintheiractivities.Thiscanleadtounexpectedunderstandingsthatmaynototherwiseexist.”12.Whyaremanyairpollutionreductionpoliciesineffectiveaccordingtothetext?A.Localpeopledon’tcareabouttheissue.B.Littleattentionispaidtolocalpeople.C.Nooneisresponsibleforofferingsolutions.D.Policymakersdon’thaveenoughexperience.13.WhichofthefollowingwasacreativemethodusedtoexploretheairpollutionissueinMukuru?A.Fullyacceptinglocalpeople’sproposals.B.Invitingactorstogiveprofessionalperformancesintheaters.C.Traininglocalstudentstoreduceairpollution.D.Usingmusictomakepeoplerealizetheproblem.14.WhatdoesSarahWestadviseresearcherstodoabouttalkingaboutdifficultproblems?A.Tohaveamoredetailedunderstanding.B.Tocreativelygetmanypeopletojoinin.C.Tohaveconversationsinmunities.D.Toattractsupportfromlocalexperts.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowCanLocalPeopleMakeFurtherResearch?B.AirpollutionProblemsCannotBeSolvedTraditionallyC.HowCanMusic,DanceAndArtHelpCutAirPollution?D.ResearchersHelpPeopleinNairobiCutAirPollution【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明许多减少空气污染的政策无效，并研究帮助减少空气污染的有效方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Despitemanyairpollutionreductionpolicies(政策)designedtoimprovehealth,thesearealwaysineffective.Oftenthisisbecausetheyfailtoconsiderlocalknowledgeandculturalpractices.Previousresearchsuggeststhatpeopleshouldbeputatthecentreofdevelopingwaysaroundtheproblem.(尽管有许多旨在改善健康，减少空气污染的政策，但这些政策总是无效的。这通常是因为他们没有考虑当地的知识和文化习俗。先前的研究表明，应该将人置于找出解决问题的方法的中心。)”可知，许多减少空气污染的政策无效的原因是很少关注当地人，没有将人置于解决问题的中心，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thesong“Mazingira”,whichexplainedtheproblemsofairpollution,hadbeenplayedonnationalradioandtelevisionstationswithanaudienceofaboutthreemillionpeople.(解释空气污染问题的歌曲“Mazingira”已在国家广播电台和电视台播放，听众约为300万人。)”可知，通过歌曲，音乐使人意识到问题是用于探索Mukuru空气污染问题的创造性方法，故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Weexpectotherresearcherswishingtodiscussdifficultproblemstousevariouscreativemethodstohaveawiderangeofpeopletakepartintheiractivities.(我们希望其他希望讨论难题的研究人员使用各种创造性方法让广泛的人参与他们的活动。)”可知，SarahWest建议研究人员在谈论困难问题时使用各种创造性方法让广泛的人参与，故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofPortsmouth,andresearchersandexpertsfromtheUK,KenyaandSwedenworkedtogetherwithlocalpeopleinMukuruinNairobi,thecapitalofKenyainEastAfrica,toexplorearangeofmethodsincludingstorytelling,music,artandtheatretoexploreunderstandingsofairpollution.(朴茨茅斯大学的研究人员以及来自英国，肯尼亚和瑞典的研究人员和专家与东非肯尼亚首都内罗毕Mukuru的当地人合作，探索一系列方法，包括讲故事，音乐，艺术和戏剧，以探索对空气污染的理解。)”可知，文章主要说明许多减少空气污染的政策无效，并研究音乐、舞蹈和艺术如何帮助减少空气污染。故文章标题为HowCanMusic,DanceAndArtHelpCutAirPollution?(音乐、舞蹈和艺术如何帮助减少空气污染？)，故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youmayhaveheardthecontinentalbreakfast(欧式早餐).____16____Itusuallyincludesbreadproducts,fruit,coffee,etc.Andthemealistypicallypresentedinabuffet(餐饮部),fromwhichguestscanhelpthemselves.____17____However,thecontinentalbreakfastdoesn’trefertotheEnglishbreakfast,whichoftenincludesmeat,cereals,fruitandevenvegetablesinadditiontobreadproducts,juiceandhotdrinks.A“continentalbreakfast”describesthetypeofbreakfastyou’dmeetinEurope,especiallyFrance.Itislighter,cheaperandmoredelicate(精致的).Nowadays,manyhotelsworldwideareofferingcontinentalbreakfasts.____18____Theydon’tneedmuchstafftopreparethem.Besides,acontinentalbreakfastisconvenientfortravelerswhomightnothavemuchtimeforamealinthemorning.Acontinentalbreakfastisusuallyprovidedinhotelsforaspecificperiodoftimeduringthemorning.Thefoodistypicallyplacedonalargetable.Objectslikeforksandknivesareputbeside.Theremightbetablesandchairswhereguestscansitandeat.____19____Mosthotelsthatoffercontinentalbreakfastswilltellgueststhetimeperiodwhenthefoodwillbeavailable.____20____Thus,guestswhowaituntilneartheendoftheavailabilitytimeperiodshouldexpectthatthesupplyofsomeitemsmightbegone.Also,itisconsideredtobeimpoliteforaguesttotakeverylargeamountsofthefoodthatisprovided.A.Suchmealsbeemorepopular.B.Continentalbreakfastsaremon.C.Acontinentalbreakfastmeansalightbreakfast.D.Firstly,theseitemsaremorecosteffectiveforhotels.E.Theterm“continentalbreakfast”haditsbeginninginBritain.F.Manytimes,alimitedamountoffoodwillbeprovidedeachday.G.Theycanalsotaketheirbreakfastbacktotheirroomsorelsewhere.【答案】16.C17.E18.D19.G20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是欧式早餐及为什么很多酒店选择提供欧式早餐。【16题详解】根据上文“Youmayhaveheardthecontinentalbreakfast(欧式早餐).(你可能听说过欧式早餐。)”可知，上文介绍了欧式早餐，C项意为“欧式早餐意味着简单的早餐。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了什么是欧式早餐，欧式早餐意味着简单的早餐。故选C。【17题详解】根据下文“However,thecontinentalbreakfastdoesn’trefertotheEnglishbreakfast,whichoftenincludesmeat,cereals,fruitandevenvegetablesinadditiontobreadproducts,juiceandhotdrinks.(然而，欧式早餐并不是指英式早餐，除了面包产品、果汁和热饮之外，通常还包括肉类、谷物、水果甚至蔬菜。)”可知，下文告诉我们欧式早餐并不是指英式早餐，E项意为““欧式早餐”一词起源于英国。”选项与下文构成转折关系，“欧式早餐”一词起源于英国，但欧式早餐并不是指英式早餐。故选E。【18题详解】根据下文“Besides,acontinentalbreakfastisconvenientfortravelerswhomightnothavemuchtimeforamealinthemorning.(此外，对于早上可能没有太多时间用餐的旅行者来说，欧式早餐很方便。)”可知，下文告诉我们许多酒店提供欧式早餐的原因，D项意为“首先，这些物品对酒店来说更具成本效益。”选项与下文阐述内容一致，介绍的也是许多酒店提供欧式早餐的原因，因为欧式早餐提供的食物对酒店来说更具成本效益，选项中的“Firstly”和下文的“Besides”呼应。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Theremightbetablesandchairswhereguestscansitandeat.(可能有桌子和椅子，客人可以坐在那里吃饭。)”可知，上文介绍了客人可以坐在酒店提供的餐桌旁用餐，G项意为“他们也可以把早餐带回房间或其他地方。”选项能够承接上文，介绍的也是客人们的用餐场所，不仅可以坐在酒店提供的餐桌旁用餐，也可以把早餐带回房间或其他地方吃。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“Thus,guestswhowaituntilneartheendoftheavailabilitytimeperiodshouldexpectthatthesupplyofsomeitemsmightbegone.(因此，等待用餐时间快要结束时去用餐的客人应该预料到某些食物的供应可能会消失。)”可知，如果客人在用餐时间快要结束时去用餐，可能吃不到某些食物，F项意为“很多时候，每天都会提供有限的食物。”选项与下文构成因果关系，因为很多时候，每天都会提供有限的食物，所以如果你去晚了，可能会吃不到某些食物。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JoeyAcuñafromCalifornia,theUShadbeenundergoingdialysis(接受透析).Every____21____lastedupto10hours,buthe____22____thesituationwouldn’tgotothepointwhereheneededakidneytransplant(肾移植).However,lastyearhereachedthis____23____.Joey____24____tofindhimselfadonor.Hewasn’tfightingjustforhisown____25____,butalsoforhiswifeandchildren.Heposteda____26____throughhisaccountonsocialmedia,seekingadonor(捐赠者)willingtosavehim.ItwasthenthatJoeyreceiveda(n)____27____messageonsocialmedia:“HowcanIhelp?”fromJulia,oneofhis____28____.YoumaywonderwhyJuliachosetobeso____29____.Thereasonwassimple.Manyyearsago,heraunt_____30_____akidneydonorforanotherofheraunts.Theyboth_____31_____tolivehappily.Althoughshe’sanordinarycolleague(同事)andtherewere_____32_____shewishedJoeytohaveahappylifewithhisfamily.SoJulia_____33_____andchosetobeadonor.Sheunderwentmedicaltestsandwasconfirmedasa_____34_____forJoey.Finallytheyunderwentatransplantsurgery(手术).Donatingakidneyisnosmallact,representingthespiritofloveand_____35_____.Thestoryshowsthatthereareunbelievablykindpeopleintheworld.21.A.treatment B.survey C.test D.activity22.A.realized B.promised C.expected D.believed23.A.decision B.stage C.limit D.place24.A.struggled B.afforded C.failed D.refused25.A.life B.honor C.hobby D.dream26.A.suggestion B.list C.ment D.request27.A.awkward B.confusing C.polite D.simple28.A.relatives B.workmates C.leaders D.doctors29.A.negative B.late C.generous D.unusual30.A.helped B.became C.found D.interviewed31.A.continued B.forgot C.learned D.wanted32.A.challenges B.disadvantages C.doubts D.risks33.A.triedout B.gotthrough C.steppedup D.calmeddown34.A.preference B.match C.chance D.choice35.A.friendship B.attraction C.kindness D.understanding【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.A26.D27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JoeyAcuña因病需要进行肾移植，一位普通的同事Julia冒着风险，为他捐献了肾脏，这是一种体现了爱和善意的行为。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次治疗持续长达10个小时，但他预计情况不会发展到他需要肾移植的地步。A.treatment治疗；B.survey调查；C.test测验；D.activity活动。根据上文“JoeyAcuñafromCalifornia,theUShadbeenundergoingdialysis(接受透析).”可知，JoeyAcuña需要定期接受透析，由此可知，每次透析治疗持续长达10个小时。故选A项。22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次治疗持续长达10个小时，但他预计情况不会发展到他需要肾移植的地步。A.realized意识到；B.promised承诺；C.expected预计；D.believed相信。根据句中“whereheneededakidneytransplant”可知，虽然JoeyAcuña需要定期接受透析，但他预计自己的情况不会发展到需要肾移植的地步。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，去年他达到了这个阶段。A.decision决定；B.stage阶段；C.limit限制；D.place地点。根据下文“Joey_____tofindhimselfadonor.”可知，Joey正在寻找肾脏捐赠者，由此可知，他的病情发展到了需要肾移植的阶段。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Joey努力为自己找到一个捐献者。A.struggled努力；B.afforded买得起；C.failed失败；D.refused拒绝。根据下文“Hewasn’tfightingjustforhisown_____,butalsoforhiswifeandchildren.”可知，Joey为了自己的生命，也为了妻子和孩子，正在与病魔作斗争，由此可知，他努力为自己找到一个肾脏捐献者。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅为自己的生命而战，也为妻子和孩子而战。A.life生命；B.honor荣誉；C.hobby爱好；D.dream梦想。根据上文“Joey_____tofindhimselfadonor.”可知，Joey努力为自己找到一个肾脏捐献者，由此可知，这么做是为了活下去，是为自己的生命而战。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他通过自己的账号在社交媒体上发布了一个请求，寻求愿意拯救他的捐赠者。A.suggestion建议；B.list名单；C.ment评论；D.request请求。根据句中“seekingadonor(捐赠者)willingtosavehim”可知，Joey努力为自己找到一个肾脏捐献者，由此可知，他在社交媒体上发布了一个请求，请求捐赠者捐献肾脏。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Joey在社交媒体上收到了一条简单的消息：“我能帮忙吗？”Julia，他的一个同事。A.awkward令人尴尬的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.polite有礼貌的；D.simple简单的。根据句中“HowcanIhelp?”可知，这是一条话语简单的消息。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Joey在社交媒体上收到了一条简单的消息：“我能帮忙吗？”Julia，他的一个同事。A.relatives亲属；B.workmates同事；C.leaders领导者；D.doctors医生。根据下文“Althoughshe’sanordinarycolleague”中的“colleague”可知，Julia是Joey的同事。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能想知道Julia为什么选择如此慷慨。A.negative消极的；B.late晚的；C.generous慷慨的；D.unusual不寻常的。根据下文“SoJulia_____andchosetobeadonor.”可知，Julia要为Joey捐献肾脏，由此可知，她的行为是慷慨的。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年前，她的姑姑成为她的另一位姑姑的肾脏捐献者。A.helped帮助；B.became成为；C.found发现；D.interviewed采访。根据句中“akidneydonor”可知，她的姑姑成为一名肾脏捐献者，为她的另一位姑姑捐献了肾脏。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们俩都继续幸福地生活着。A.continued继续；B.forgot忘记；C.learned学会；D.wanted想要。根据上文“heraunt_____akidneydonorforanotherofheraunts”可知，她的姑姑为她的另一位姑姑捐献了肾脏，由此可知，因为捐献，另一位姑姑的病好了，她们俩都继续幸福地生活着。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她是一个普通的同事，捐献也有风险，但她希望Joey能和家人过上幸福的生活。A.challenges挑战；B.disadvantages缺点；C.doubts疑问；D.risks风险。根据下文“SoJulia_____andchosetobeadonor.”可知，Julia要为Joey捐献肾脏，结合医学常识可知，捐献肾脏是有风险的。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以Julia站了出来，选择成为一名捐献者。A.triedout试验；B.gotthrough熬过（困难或不快的时期）；C.steppedup走上前去，站了出来；D.calmeddown冷静下来。根据句中“chosetobeadonor”可知，Joey在社交媒体上求助，Julia站了出来，选择成为一名捐献者。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她接受了医学检查，确认与Joey匹配。A.preference偏爱；B.match相配的人（或物）；C.chance机会；D.choice选择。根据下文“Finallytheyunderwentatransplantsurgery”可知，Julia为Joey移植了肾脏，由此可知，她的肾脏与Joey匹配。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：捐献肾脏是一个不小的行为，代表着爱和善良的精神。A.friendship友谊；B.attraction吸引力；C.kindness善良；D.understanding理解。根据句中“Donatingakidney”可知，捐献肾脏的行为是人性善良的体现，代表着爱和善良的精神。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MynameisAdamandI’mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.____36____(go)fromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.First,IhadtothinkverycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedmechoosethe____37____(suit)ones:maths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,andChinese.IknowthatChineseis____38____verydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.WhenIjoinedmyclass,myadviser____39____(remend)thatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI’mgoodatit.Ihadtochooseextracurricular____40____(activity),too.Itriedtojointheschoolfootballteam,butthecoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywellenough.____41____(obvious),Iwasunhappy,butIwon’tquit.I’llfindaway____42____(improve)onmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.Ijoinedavolunteerclubinstead.EveryWednesday,weworkatasoupkitchenandhandoutfoodtohomelesspeopleinthemunity.IknowI’llhavetostudy____43____(hard)asaseniorhighschoolstudentandgetusedto____44____(be)responsibleforalotmore.I’mabitworriedaboutkeepingupwiththeotherstudentsinmyadvancedcourse,andit’llbequitedifficulttogetusedtoallthehomework.Still,I’mhappytobehere.Studyinghardisn’talwaysfun,butI’llbewellpreparedforuniversity____45____whateverelseesinthefuture.【答案】36.Going37.suitable38.a39.remended40.activities41.Obviously42.toimprove43.harder44.being45.or【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了Adam的高中生活情况。【36题详解】考查动名词。句意：从初中到高中真的是一个很大的挑战。空格处用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Going。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：学校的指导老师帮我选择了合适的专业。空格处用形容词suitable作定语，修饰ones，suitable意为“合适的”，故填suitable。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：我知道中文是一门很难语言，但我希望毕业时能说一口流利的中文。language是可数名词，表泛