当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好研究

当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在探讨当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好，分析这一现象背后的社会文化因素，以及其对农村社区和家庭结构的影响。我们将通过文献回顾、实地调查和数据分析等多种方法，全面深入地揭示农村居民生育意愿与性别偏好的现状、特点及其发展趋势。ThisarticleaimstoexplorethefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChina,analyzethesocialandculturalfactorsbehindthisphenomenon,anditsimpactonruralcommunitiesandfamilystructures.Wewillcomprehensivelyanddeeplyrevealthecurrentsituation,characteristics,anddevelopmenttrendsofruralresidents'fertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesthroughvariousmethodssuchasliteraturereview,fieldinvestigation,anddataanalysis.随着中国社会经济的快速发展和人口结构的不断变化，农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好也在发生深刻变化。这些变化不仅影响着农村的人口数量和结构，也对农村社区的发展、家庭生活的幸福感和社会的和谐稳定产生着重要影响。因此，研究农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好，对于理解农村社会的变迁、制定合理的人口政策和推动农村社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'ssocialeconomyandthecontinuouschangesinpopulationstructure,thefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsarealsoundergoingprofoundchanges.Thesechangesnotonlyaffectthepopulationandstructureinruralareas,butalsohaveimportantimpactsonthedevelopmentofruralcommunities,thehappinessoffamilylife,andsocialharmonyandstability.Therefore,studyingthefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsisofgreatsignificanceforunderstandingthechangesinruralsociety,formulatingreasonablepopulationpolicies,andpromotingsustainabledevelopmentofruralsociety.在研究方法上，我们将结合文献回顾和实地调查，收集大量的原始数据，并运用统计学方法进行分析。通过对比不同地区、不同家庭背景农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好，揭示其差异性和共性。同时，我们还将深入探讨影响农村居民生育意愿与性别偏好的各种因素，包括经济、文化、社会和心理等方面。Intermsofresearchmethods,wewillcombineliteraturereviewandfieldinvestigation,collectalargeamountofrawdata,andusestatisticalmethodsforanalysis.Bycomparingthefertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsfromdifferentregionsandfamilybackgrounds,revealtheirdifferencesandcommonalities.Atthesametime,wewillalsodelveintovariousfactorsthataffectthefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidents,includingeconomic,cultural,social,andpsychologicalaspects.在文章结构上，我们将首先介绍研究的背景和意义，明确研究问题和目标。接着，通过文献回顾和实地调查，分析农村居民生育意愿与性别偏好的现状和特点。然后，探讨影响其生育意愿与性别偏好的各种因素，并揭示其背后的社会文化机制。根据研究结果，提出针对性的政策建议和研究展望。Intermsofarticlestructure,wewillfirstintroducethebackgroundandsignificanceoftheresearch,clarifytheresearchquestionandobjectives.Next,throughliteraturereviewandfieldinvestigation,analyzethecurrentsituationandcharacteristicsofruralresidents'fertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences.Then,explorevariousfactorsthataffecttheirfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences,andrevealthesocialandculturalmechanismsbehindthem.Basedontheresearchresults,proposetargetedpolicyrecommendationsandresearchprospects.本文旨在为我国农村人口政策的制定和实施提供科学依据，为农村社会的可持续发展提供理论支持。我们相信，通过深入的研究和分析，我们能够更好地理解和应对农村居民生育意愿与性别偏好所带来的挑战和机遇。ThisarticleaimstoprovidescientificbasisfortheformulationandimplementationofruralpopulationpoliciesinChina,andtoprovidetheoreticalsupportforthesustainabledevelopmentofruralsociety.Webelievethatthroughin-depthresearchandanalysis,wecanbetterunderstandandrespondtothechallengesandopportunitiesbroughtaboutbyruralresidents'fertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences.二、理论基础与文献综述TheoreticalBasisandLiteratureReview生育意愿与性别偏好是一个复杂的社会现象，其背后蕴含着深刻的社会、文化、经济和生物等多方面的因素。本研究将基于国内外相关理论和文献，对当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好进行深入探讨。Fertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencearecomplexsocialphenomenathatcontainprofoundsocial,cultural,economic,andbiologicalfactors.ThisstudywillexploreindepththefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChinabasedonrelevanttheoriesandliteraturebothdomesticallyandinternationally.理论基础方面，本研究主要参考了人口学、社会学、经济学和心理学等多个学科的理论。其中，人口学的人口转变理论为本研究提供了宏观背景，即随着社会经济的发展和人口结构的转变，农村居民的生育意愿和性别偏好也会发生相应的变化。社会学的性别角色理论则为本研究提供了微观视角，即性别偏好不仅受到传统文化和习俗的影响，也与个体在社会中的角色和地位密切相关。经济学的成本-效益理论则从经济角度出发，认为农村居民的生育意愿和性别偏好受到生育和抚养成本以及预期收益的影响。心理学的需要层次理论则强调了个体心理需求对生育意愿和性别偏好的影响。Intermsoftheoreticalbasis,thisstudymainlyreferstotheoriesfrommultipledisciplinessuchasdemography,sociology,economics,andpsychology.Amongthem,thedemographictheoryofpopulationtransitionprovidesamacrobackgroundforthisstudy,whichmeansthatwiththedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandthetransformationofpopulationstructure,thefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferenceofruralresidentswillalsoundergocorrespondingchanges.Thegenderroletheoryinsociologyprovidesamicroperspectiveforthisstudy,thatis,genderpreferencesarenotonlyinfluencedbytraditionalcultureandcustoms,butalsocloselyrelatedtotheroleandstatusofindividualsinsociety.Thecost-benefittheoryofeconomicstakesaneconomicperspectiveandbelievesthatthefertilityandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsareinfluencedbythecostsofchildbirthandupbringing,aswellasexpectedbenefits.Thehierarchyofneedstheoryinpsychologyemphasizestheinfluenceofindividualpsychologicalneedsonfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences.在文献综述方面，本研究梳理了国内外关于生育意愿和性别偏好的大量研究文献。国外研究主要集中在生育意愿的影响因素、性别偏好与社会文化因素的关系等方面。国内研究则更多地关注了生育政策对农村居民生育意愿和性别偏好的影响，以及农村地区性别偏好与家庭结构、子女教育等方面的关系。通过文献回顾，本研究发现，尽管国内外研究在方法和视角上存在差异，但都普遍认为生育意愿和性别偏好受到多种因素的影响，并且这些因素在不同的社会背景下可能存在差异。Intermsofliteraturereview,thisstudyreviewedalargenumberofresearchliteratureonfertilityintentionandgenderpreferencebothdomesticallyandinternationally.Foreignresearchmainlyfocusesontheinfluencingfactorsoffertilityintention,therelationshipbetweengenderpreferenceandsocio-culturalfactors,andsoon.Domesticresearchhasfocusedmoreontheimpactoffertilitypoliciesonthefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidents,aswellastherelationshipbetweengenderpreferencesinruralareasandfamilystructure,children'seducation,andotheraspects.Throughliteraturereview,thisstudyfoundthatalthoughtherearedifferencesinmethodsandperspectivesbetweendomesticandforeignstudies,itisgenerallybelievedthatfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesareinfluencedbymultiplefactors,andthesefactorsmayvaryindifferentsocialbackgrounds.本研究将在借鉴国内外相关理论和文献的基础上，结合当前我国农村社会的实际情况，对农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好进行深入分析，以期为相关政策制定和实践提供科学依据。Onthebasisofdrawingonrelevanttheoriesandliteratureathomeandabroad,andcombiningwiththecurrentsituationofruralsocietyinChina,thisstudywillconductanin-depthanalysisofthefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidents,inordertoprovidescientificbasisforrelevantpolicyformulationandpractice.三、研究设计ResearchDesign本研究旨在深入探索当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好，以及影响这些意愿和偏好的因素。为了达到这一目标，我们采用了多种研究方法和数据收集手段，以构建一个全面、深入和系统的研究框架。TheaimofthisstudyistoexploreindepththefertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChina,aswellasthefactorsinfluencingtheseintentionsandpreferences.Toachievethisgoal,wehaveemployedvariousresearchmethodsanddatacollectionmethodstoconstructacomprehensive,in-depth,andsystematicresearchframework.本研究结合了定量和定性两种研究方法。我们利用全国范围内的农村居民生育调查数据，进行描述性统计分析和多元回归分析，以揭示农村居民生育意愿和性别偏好的现状及其与各类社会经济因素的关联。为了深入理解农村居民的生育观念和性别偏好背后的深层次原因，我们选择了典型地区进行深入的个案访谈和焦点小组讨论。Thisstudycombinesbothquantitativeandqualitativeresearchmethods.Weconducteddescriptivestatisticalanalysisandmultipleregressionanalysisusingnationwideruralhouseholdfertilitysurveydatatorevealthecurrentstatusofruralhouseholdfertilitywillingnessandgenderpreference,aswellastheircorrelationwithvarioussocio-economicfactors.Inordertogainadeeperunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindruralresidents'reproductiveattitudesandgenderpreferences,weselectedtypicalareasforin-depthcaseinterviewsandfocusgroupdiscussions.在数据收集方面，我们采用了多种手段。一是利用已有的大型社会调查数据，如中国人口与就业统计年鉴、中国健康与营养调查等，这些数据具有全国代表性，能够为我们提供宏观层面的信息。二是进行专项的生育意愿与性别偏好调查，设计问卷并覆盖全国多个农村地区，确保样本的多样性和代表性。三是通过个案访谈和焦点小组讨论收集第一手资料，以揭示农村居民的生育经历和心路历程。Intermsofdatacollection,wehaveemployedvariousmethods.Oneistoutilizeexistinglarge-scalesocialsurveydata,suchastheChinaPopulationandEmploymentStatisticalYearbookandtheChinaHealthandNutritionSurvey,whichhavenationalrepresentativenessandcanprovideuswithmacrolevelinformation.Thesecondistoconductaspecialsurveyonfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences,designquestionnairesthatcovermultipleruralareasacrossthecountry,andensurethediversityandrepresentativenessofthesamples.Thethirdistocollectfirst-handinformationthroughcaseinterviewsandfocusgroupdiscussions,inordertorevealthereproductiveandpsychologicalexperiencesofruralresidents.在数据分析方面，我们将采用描述性统计、因子分析、回归分析等多种统计方法。描述性统计用于描述农村居民生育意愿和性别偏好的基本情况；因子分析用于提取影响生育意愿和性别偏好的主要因素；回归分析则用于揭示这些因素与生育意愿和性别偏好之间的定量关系。Intermsofdataanalysis,wewillusevariousstatisticalmethodssuchasdescriptivestatistics,factoranalysis,regressionanalysis,etc.Descriptivestatisticsareusedtodescribethebasicsituationofruralresidents'willingnesstohavechildrenandgenderpreferences;Factoranalysisisusedtoextractthemainfactorsthataffectfertilityintentionandgenderpreference;Regressionanalysisisusedtorevealthequantitativerelationshipbetweenthesefactorsandfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferences.尽管我们尽力采用了多种方法和手段来确保研究的准确性和深入性，但仍需承认本研究存在一些限制。由于农村居民的多样性和复杂性，我们的研究可能无法涵盖所有地区和群体的具体情况。受数据可得性和研究成本的限制，我们的研究可能无法涵盖所有相关因素。未来研究可以进一步拓展研究范围和深度，以更全面地揭示农村居民的生育意愿和性别偏好问题。Althoughwehavetriedourbesttousevariousmethodsandmeanstoensuretheaccuracyanddepthofthestudy,westillneedtoacknowledgethattherearesomelimitationsinthisstudy.Duetothediversityandcomplexityofruralresidents,ourresearchmaynotcoverthespecificsituationsofallregionsandgroups.Duetolimitationsindataavailabilityandresearchcosts,ourstudymaynotcoverallrelevantfactors.Futureresearchcanfurtherexpandthescopeanddepthofresearchtomorecomprehensivelyrevealthefertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesofruralresidents.本研究的设计充分考虑了多种方法和手段的结合，旨在构建一个全面、深入和系统的研究框架，以揭示当前我国农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好及其影响因素。我们期待通过这一研究，为政策制定和实践提供有价值的参考。Thedesignofthisstudyfullyconsidersthecombinationofmultiplemethodsandmeans,aimingtoconstructacomprehensive,in-depth,andsystematicresearchframeworktorevealthecurrentfertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChina,aswellastheirinfluencingfactors.Welookforwardtoprovidingvaluablereferencesforpolicyformulationandpracticethroughthisresearch.四、我国农村居民生育意愿的实证分析EmpiricalAnalysisofFertilityIntentionamongRuralResidentsinChina随着我国社会经济的不断发展，农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好也在发生变化。为了深入了解这一现象，本文对我国农村居民的生育意愿进行了实证分析。WiththecontinuousdevelopmentofChina'ssocioeconomy,thefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsarealsochanging.Inordertogainadeeperunderstandingofthisphenomenon,thisarticleconductedanempiricalanalysisonthefertilitywillingnessofruralresidentsinChina.通过问卷调查和深度访谈的方式，我们对全国范围内的农村居民进行了生育意愿的调查。结果显示，虽然农村居民的生育意愿受到多种因素的影响，但其中最为显著的因素包括家庭经济状况、教育资源、社会保障以及传统文化观念等。Weconductedasurveyonthefertilityintentionofruralresidentsnationwidethroughquestionnairesurveysandin-depthinterviews.Theresultsshowthatalthoughthefertilitywillingnessofruralresidentsisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,themostsignificantfactorsincludefamilyeconomicstatus,educationalresources,socialsecurity,andtraditionalculturalconcepts.从家庭经济状况来看，农村居民的生育意愿普遍受到家庭经济条件的制约。在经济条件较好的地区，农村居民的生育意愿相对较低，而在经济条件较差的地区，农村居民的生育意愿则相对较高。这主要是因为生育需要投入大量的经济成本，包括孕期检查、分娩费用、抚养费用等，而这些费用对于经济条件较差的家庭来说是一个沉重的负担。Fromtheperspectiveoffamilyeconomicconditions,thewillingnessofruralresidentstohavechildrenisgenerallyconstrainedbyfamilyeconomicconditions.Inareaswithbettereconomicconditions,thewillingnessofruralresidentstohavechildrenisrelativelylow,whileinareaswithpoorereconomicconditions,thewillingnessofruralresidentstohavechildrenisrelativelyhigh.Thisismainlybecausechildbirthrequiresasignificantinvestmentineconomiccosts,includingprenatalcheckups,childbirthexpenses,andsupportexpenses,whichareaheavyburdenforfamilieswithpooreconomicconditions.教育资源也是影响农村居民生育意愿的重要因素。在农村地区，教育资源的匮乏使得许多家庭难以负担起多个孩子的教育费用。因此，一些家庭选择只生育一个孩子，以便将更多的资源投入到这个孩子的教育中。Educationalresourcesarealsoanimportantfactoraffectingthefertilitywillingnessofruralresidents.Inruralareas,thescarcityofeducationalresourcesmakesitdifficultformanyfamiliestoaffordthecostofeducatingmultiplechildren.Therefore,somefamilieschoosetohaveonlyonechildinordertoallocatemoreresourcestotheeducationofthatchild.社会保障制度的不完善也对农村居民的生育意愿产生了影响。在农村地区，社会保障制度相对滞后，许多家庭需要依靠生育来保障家庭的经济来源和生活质量。因此，一些家庭会选择多生育孩子，以便在老年时能够有更多的经济支持。Theimperfectsocialsecuritysystemhasalsohadanimpactonthefertilitywillingnessofruralresidents.Inruralareas,thesocialsecuritysystemisrelativelylaggingbehind,andmanyfamiliesneedtorelyonchildbirthtoensuretheireconomicsourceandqualityoflife.Therefore,somefamiliesmaychoosetohavemorechildreninordertohavemorefinancialsupportinoldage.传统文化观念也是影响农村居民生育意愿的重要因素。在中国传统文化中，子女被视为家庭的延续和传承。因此，一些农村居民认为多生育孩子是家庭的责任和义务，也是对自己和祖先的尊重。Traditionalculturalconceptsarealsoanimportantfactoraffectingthefertilitywillingnessofruralresidents.IntraditionalChineseculture,childrenareregardedasthecontinuationandinheritanceofthefamily.Therefore,someruralresidentsbelievethathavingmorechildrenisafamilyresponsibilityandobligation,aswellasarespectforthemselvesandtheirancestors.我国农村居民的生育意愿受到多种因素的影响，包括家庭经济状况、教育资源、社会保障以及传统文化观念等。为了引导农村居民树立科学、理性的生育观念，我们需要进一步完善社会保障制度，提高教育资源的利用率，同时也要加强宣传教育，普及科学育儿知识，提高农村居民的生育素质和生育意愿。Thefertilitywillingnessofruralresidentsinourcountryisinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingfamilyeconomicstatus,educationalresources,socialsecurity,andtraditionalculturalconcepts.Inordertoguideruralresidentstoestablishascientificandrationalconceptofchildbirth,weneedtofurtherimprovethesocialsecuritysystem,increasetheutilizationrateofeducationalresources,andalsostrengthenpublicityandeducation,popularizescientificparentingknowledge,andimprovethefertilityqualityandwillingnessofruralresidents.五、我国农村居民性别偏好的实证分析EmpiricalanalysisofgenderpreferencesamongruralresidentsinChina性别偏好，作为生育意愿的一个重要组成部分，一直以来在我国农村社会文化中占有特殊地位。受传统观念、社会习俗和家庭经济状况等多重因素影响，农村居民的性别偏好呈现出复杂且多样的特点。本研究通过实地调查和数据分析，旨在深入揭示当前我国农村居民性别偏好的现状及其背后的影响因素。Genderpreference,asanimportantcomponentoffertilityintention,hasalwaysheldaspecialpositioninthesocialandculturalcontextofruralareasinChina.Duetomultiplefactorssuchastraditionalbeliefs,socialcustoms,andfamilyeconomicconditions,thegenderpreferencesofruralresidentsexhibitcomplexanddiversecharacteristics.ThisstudyaimstorevealthecurrentsituationandunderlyinginfluencingfactorsofgenderpreferencesamongruralresidentsinChinathroughfieldinvestigationsanddataanalysis.在实证分析中，我们首先通过问卷调查的方式，收集了大量关于农村居民生育意愿和性别偏好的一手数据。问卷设计涵盖了个人基本信息、家庭状况、经济水平、文化传统等多个方面，以全面反映农村居民的生育观念和性别偏好。Inempiricalanalysis,wefirstcollectedalargeamountoffirst-handdataonruralresidents'fertilityintentionsandgenderpreferencesthroughquestionnairesurveys.Thequestionnairedesigncoversmultipleaspectssuchaspersonalbasicinformation,familystatus,economiclevel,culturaltraditions,etc.,tocomprehensivelyreflectthereproductiveconceptsandgenderpreferencesofruralresidents.分析结果显示，虽然随着社会的发展和教育的普及，农村居民对性别平等的认知有所提高，但传统的“男孩偏好”现象仍然普遍存在。特别是在一些经济相对落后、文化传统深厚的地区，男孩偏好现象更为明显。这主要源于对男孩承担家庭经济和社会责任的期待，以及对女孩未来婚姻和生育的担忧。Theanalysisresultsshowthatalthoughruralresidentshaveimprovedtheirawarenessofgenderequalitywiththedevelopmentofsocietyandthepopularizationofeducation,thetraditionalphenomenonof"boypreference"stillexistswidely.Especiallyinsomeeconomicallyunderdevelopedandculturallytraditionalareas,thephenomenonofboypreferenceismorepronounced.Thismainlystemsfromexpectationsforboystotakeonfamilyeconomicandsocialresponsibilities,aswellasconcernsaboutgirls'futuremarriageandchildbirth.我们还发现，农村居民的性别偏好与其家庭经济状况密切相关。家庭经济条件较差的农村居民更倾向于生育男孩，以期望男孩能够承担更多的家庭经济责任。而家庭经济条件较好的农村居民，则相对更加看重子女的教育和发展，对性别偏好较为淡化。Wealsofoundthatthegenderpreferencesofruralresidentsarecloselyrelatedtotheirfamilyeconomicstatus.Ruralresidentswithpoorfamilyeconomicconditionsaremoreinclinedtohaveboys,hopingthatboyscantakeonmorefamilyeconomicresponsibilities.Ruralresidentswithbetterfamilyeconomicconditionstendtoplacegreateremphasisontheirchildren'seducationanddevelopment,andhaveaweakerpreferenceforgender.我们还注意到，文化传统也是影响农村居民性别偏好的重要因素。在一些传统观念深厚的地区，男孩被视为家庭传承的延续和尊严的象征，而女孩则往往被视为“嫁出去的水”，难以承担家庭责任。这种文化传统在一定程度上加剧了农村居民的男孩偏好现象。Wealsonotethatculturaltraditionsareanimportantfactoraffectingthegenderpreferencesofruralresidents.Inareaswithstrongtraditionalbeliefs,boysareseenasasymboloffamilyinheritanceanddignity,whilegirlsareoftenseenas"waterformarriage"andfinditdifficulttobearfamilyresponsibilities.Thisculturaltraditionhastosomeextentexacerbatedthepreferenceforboysamongruralresidents.当前我国农村居民的性别偏好仍然受到多重因素的影响，包括经济、文化、社会等方面。因此，在推动农村生育观念转变、促进性别平等的进程中，需要综合考虑各种因素，采取多种措施，逐步改变农村居民的性别偏好观念。这包括加强宣传教育、提高女性地位、改善家庭经济条件等。只有这样，才能真正实现生育观念的转变和性别平等的目标。ThegenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChinaarestillinfluencedbymultiplefactors,includingeconomic,cultural,andsocialaspects.Therefore,intheprocessofpromotingthetransformationofruralfertilityconceptsandpromotinggenderequality,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsidervariousfactorsandtakevariousmeasurestograduallychangethegenderpreferenceofruralresidents.Thisincludesstrengtheningpublicityandeducation,improvingthestatusofwomen,andimprovingfamilyeconomicconditions.Onlyinthiswaycanwetrulyachievethegoaloftransformingfertilityconceptsandachievinggenderequality.六、生育意愿与性别偏好对农村人口发展的影响TheImpactofFertilityIntentionandGenderPreferenceonRuralPopulationDevelopment生育意愿与性别偏好，作为影响农村人口发展的两个重要因素，其影响是深远且复杂的。在农村地区，传统的生育观念仍然根深蒂固，这使得农村居民的生育意愿和性别偏好呈现出独特的特点。Thewillingnesstohavechildrenandgenderpreference,astwoimportantfactorsaffectingthedevelopmentofruralpopulation,havefar-reachingandcompleximpacts.Inruralareas,traditionalfertilityconceptsarestilldeeplyrooted,whichmakesthereproductivewillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsexhibituniquecharacteristics.生育意愿对农村人口发展的影响主要表现在人口数量和结构的变化上。农村居民普遍具有较强的生育意愿，这在一定程度上推动了农村人口的增长。然而，随着农村经济的发展和社会观念的转变，部分农村居民的生育意愿也在逐渐减弱，这有助于减缓农村人口增长的速度。同时，生育意愿的强弱也直接影响着农村人口的年龄结构、性别结构等，进而对农村社会的经济发展、资源分配、教育医疗等产生深远影响。Theimpactoffertilityintentiononruralpopulationdevelopmentismainlyreflectedinchangesinpopulationquantityandstructure.Ruralresidentsgenerallyhaveastrongdesiretohavechildren,whichtosomeextentdrivesthegrowthofruralpopulation.However,withthedevelopmentofruraleconomyandthetransformationofsocialconcepts,thewillingnessofsomeruralresidentstohavechildrenisgraduallyweakening,whichhelpstoslowdownthegrowthrateofruralpopulation.Atthesametime,thestrengthoffertilitywillingnessdirectlyaffectstheageandgenderstructureofruralpopulation,andthushasaprofoundimpactontheeconomicdevelopment,resourceallocation,educationandmedicalcareofruralsociety.性别偏好对农村人口发展的影响则主要体现在性别比例失衡和性别平等两个方面。在农村地区，男孩偏好现象仍然存在，这导致了出生性别比的失衡，对农村社会的稳定和发展带来了潜在的风险。一方面，性别比例失衡可能导致婚姻市场的扭曲，增加社会的不稳定因素；另一方面，这也可能对女性的社会地位和权益产生不利影响，阻碍性别平等和妇女发展的进程。Theimpactofgenderpreferenceonruralpopulationdevelopmentismainlyreflectedintwoaspects:genderimbalanceandgenderequality.Inruralareas,thephenomenonofboypreferencestillexists,whichleadstoanimbalanceinthesexratioatbirthandposespotentialriskstothestabilityanddevelopmentofruralsociety.Ontheonehand,genderimbalancemayleadtodistortionsinthemarriagemarketandincreasesocialinstabilityfactors;Ontheotherhand,thismayalsohaveadverseeffectsonthesocialstatusandrightsofwomen,hinderingtheprocessofgenderequalityandwomen'sdevelopment.因此，正确引导和调节农村居民的生育意愿与性别偏好，对于促进农村人口健康发展、实现性别平等、推动农村社会的全面进步具有重要意义。这需要通过加强宣传教育、完善社会保障制度、提高女性地位等多种途径来综合施策，以实现农村人口发展与经济社会发展的良性循环。Therefore,itisofgreatsignificancetocorrectlyguideandregulatethereproductivewillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsforpromotinghealthydevelopmentofruralpopulation,achievinggenderequality,andpromotingcomprehensiveprogressofruralsociety.Thisrequirescomprehensivemeasuressuchasstrengtheningpublicityandeducation,improvingsocialsecuritysystems,andimprovingthestatusofwomentoachieveavirtuouscyclebetweenruralpopulationdevelopmentandeconomicandsocialdevelopment.七、结论与建议Conclusionandrecommendations经过对我国农村居民生育意愿与性别偏好的深入研究，我们发现尽管受到现代社会发展的影响，农村居民的生育意愿和性别偏好仍然受到传统观念的影响。大部分农村居民仍然倾向于生育两个或以上的孩子，且存在一定的性别偏好，尤其是男孩偏好。Afterin-depthresearchonthefertilitywillingnessandgenderpreferencesofruralresidentsinChina,wefoundthatdespitetheinfluenceofmodernsocialdevelopment,thefertilitywillingnessand