陕西省宝鸡市金台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1陕西省宝鸡市金台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷选择题(满分95分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars(火星)inthefuture.TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(养分)thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕获)fishforfoodthen.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A.Thefuture. B.Theproject. C.Theland. D.Theplanet.2.WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?A.Icebelowthesurface. B.Toomuchfishwaste.C.Themissingoflivingthings. D.Thepoorlandcondition.3.HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful. C.Surprised. D.Funny.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名叫“FeedingMars”的项目，它试图利用水、鱼和鱼的排泄物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。〖答案〗1.B2.D3.A1．〖解析〗词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.(这个项目被称为“FeedingMars”)”以及后文“triestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.”（试图利用水、鱼和鱼的排泄物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。）可知，“FeedingMars”这个项目试图利用水、鱼和鱼的排泄物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。故it指的是“项目”。故选B。2．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段“There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(养分)thatlivingthingsneed.(火星表面下的冰层中有大量的水可以提取，但火星上的土地缺乏生物所需的营养物质)”可知，土地条件差使得火星上耕种变得困难。故选D。3．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据最后一段““Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕获)fishforfoodthen.”(“预计你可以在火星上种植很多食物，比如蔬菜、沙拉、茶和药用植物，”该项目负责人本茨·科岑博士说。“那时你甚至可以收获鱼作为食物。”)”可推知，本茨·科岑博士对这一项目抱有希望。故选A。BIt’slateeveninginthemiddleofthewinter.Thesnowisdeep,butoffIgointothewild.Suddenly,Ihearit:thehowl(嚎叫)ofwolves.Excitedly,Iwalkfasterinthedirectionofthehowling.I’vebeenworkingasavolunteerwolftrackerinYellowstoneNationalParkforoverayear.It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.Likewolves,however,Idon’tworkalone.I’moneofateamofpeoplewhohavebeeninaprojecttohelpreintroducewolvestothepark.Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.Inthe1920s,theorganizersoftheparksharedthisviewaboutwolvesandmadethedecisiontodrivethemawayfromthepark.Asaresult,thenumberofelk(麋鹿)intheparkincreased.Theelkstartedlookingforfoodnearriverbankssincetheydidn’thavetoworryaboutwolves.This,inturn,stoppedtreesfromgrowingalongtherivers,doinggreatharmtotheenvironmentthere.Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.Tobeginwith,theelksoonlearnedtostayawayfromtherivers,sonewtreeshavebeenabletogrowthere.Thetreesbecomehometonewwildlife,suchasbirds,andprovidefoodformoreanimals.Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.4.Accordingtothepassage,oneofawolftracker’sjobsisto________.A.catchwolvesinthepark B.feedwolvesinthewildC.stopwolvesfromkillingelk D.collectinformationaboutwolves5.Whydidtheorganizersdrivethewolvesawayfromtheparkinthe1920s?A.Thewolveswerealwayshowlingatnight.B.Theelkintheparkwereindangerofdyingout.C.Thewolveshaddonegreatharmtotheenvironment.D.Theparkwasthoughttobeunsafewithwolvesaround.6.Paragraphs4and5aremainlyaboutthe________thatwolveshavebroughttoYellowstone.A.risks B.troubles C.changes D.competitions7.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.WolvesareimportanttoYellowstone.B.Yellowstonehasbeenhometowolves.C.Thewolfandtheelkliveinpeacenow.D.Thenumberofwolvesisgrowingfast.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了狼对黄石公园的生态重要性。〖答案〗4.D5.D6.C7.A4．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.(我的工作就是跟踪狼，记录它们的信息)”可知，跟踪狼的人的工作就是收集关于狼的信息，故选D。5．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第三段中“Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.(人类总是害怕狼。从童话故事到电影，狼总是坏的——对人类和其他动物是一种威胁)”可知，组织者在20世纪20年代把狼赶出公园是因为他们认为公园周围有狼的话不安全。故选D。6．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.(狼群的回归已经产生了巨大的影响)”和第五段“Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.(这个公园现在越来越受那些想在自然环境中看到狼的人的欢迎。它还帮助当地人赚了更多的钱。游客参观该地区，住在当地的酒店，在当地的餐馆吃饭)”可知，第四段和第五段主要讲述了狼的回归所带来的不同之处，故选C。7．〖解析〗词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.(看着周围的野生动物和美丽的风景，我对狼对黄石公园的改变感到惊讶。令人高兴的是，它在这个故事中扮演了一个好人)”可知，狼给黄石公园带来了很多好处，由此可推知，作者说“令人高兴的是，它在这个故事中扮演了一个好人”是在表明狼对黄石公园很重要。故选A。CMargaretAnnBulkleywasbornaround1789,inIreland.Shehadbigdreams.“Iwanttobeadoctor!”Buttwohundredyearsagoagirlcouldn’tbecomeadoctor.Heruncle,JamesBarry,wasagreatpainter.AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.Yearslater,heruncleJamesBarrydied,leavinghersomemoney.Itwasenoughtostudytobeadoctor.“Butagirlcan’tbecomeadoctor,”saidMargaretsadly.“Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.Fromthenon,MargaretAnnBulkleydisappeared.ShebecameJamesBarryandenteredEdinburghUniversity.Hetook13subjectsandworkedallthroughthesummerwhentheotherstudentswentonholiday.Barrygraduatedin1812anddecidedtojointheBritishArmy.Inhislife,Dr.JamesBarrytravelledallovertheworld,helpingtosavemanylives.Beforeretirement,BarryhadrisentothesecondhighestmedicalofficerintheBritishArmy.Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宫产)inAfrica.ThesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyearswasonlyknownafterhisdeathin1865.8.WhoplayedthemostimportantroleinMargaret’sbecomingadoctor?A.GeneralMiranda. B.HeruncleJamesBarry.C.AsoldierintheBritishArmy. D.AprofessorfromEdinburghUniversity.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisguiseinparagraph3mean?A.Changeone’sclothes. B.Dresslikeadoctor.C.Changeone’sappearance. D.Dresslikeagentleman.10.WhichwasDr.JamesBarry’sachievementinherjob?A.BecomingthehighestofficerintheBritishArmy.B.Graduatingfromthemostfamousmedicaluniversity.C.Improvingmedicalconditionsforthewoundedsoldiers.D.Doingtheworld’sfirstrecordedcaesareansectionsuccessfully.11.WhatwasthesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyears?A.JamesBarryleftmuchmoney. B.Dr.JamesBarrywasawoman.C.Margaretdiedinhertwenties. D.GeneralMirandahelpedMargaretalot.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了MargaretAnnBulkley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。〖答案〗8.A9.C10.C11.B8．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段中“AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.(他的朋友米兰达将军有一个藏书6000多本书的图书馆。玛格丽特喜欢在那里读书。她的聪明才智给他留下了深刻的印象)”以及第三段中““Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”(“是的，你可以！”GeneralMiranda说。“你所要做的就是伪装成一个男孩。”)”可知，是叔叔的朋友GeneralMiranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想。故选A。9．〖解析〗词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.(于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服)”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，故画线词意思与changeone’sappearance同义。故选C。10．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段“Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宫产)inAfrica.(Barry不仅改善了伤兵的条件，也改善了当地人的条件，并在非洲成功实施了有记录的第一例剖腹产手术)”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是她所取得的成就之一。故选C。11．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第三段“Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.(Margaret很想成为一名医生。于是她剪掉了长发，练习用低沉的声音说话，穿上了男孩的衣服。她还给自己起名叫JamesBarry)”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密。故选B。DYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanwasstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecaredlittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemadelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.WhatimpressedpeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingwashisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Eveninhislateryears,YuanLongpingwasstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryonewasalwaysexcitedtoseewhathewoulddreamupnext.12.YuanLongpingconsideredhimselfafarmerbecause________.A.hemadeinvaluablecontributionstoagriculture.B.hewasasslimandstrongasafarmer.C.hedevelopedahybridofself-pollinatingplants.D.hecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.13.Whatisthemainadvantageofhybridcrops?A.Theyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.B.Theyusuallygrowtallerthanconventionalcrops.C.TheycanbeplantedinChina,IndiaandVietnam.D.Theirgrowingperiod(生长期)isshorterthanconventionalcrops.14.HowhasYuan’sworkhelpedChinaandothercountries?A.HeletpeoplefromChinaandabroadknowmoreaboutvarietiesofaspeciesthroughhiswork.B.Hedevotedhislifetofarmersacrosstheworld.C.HisinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountries.D.HesucceededinproducingriceplantsastallassorghumforChinaandothercountries.15.WhatwasYuan’slatervision?A.Tallersorghum B.Seawaterrice C.Biggerbroom D.Biggerpeanut【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲的是袁隆平的生平和他的贡献。〖答案〗12.D13.A14.C15.B12．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.(然而，他认为自己是一个农民，因为他在研究中不断地在土地上工作。)”可知，袁隆平认为自己是一个农民，因为他在研究中不断地在土地上工作，故选D。13．〖解析〗细节理解他。根据第三段中“Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(杂交作物的一个特点是它们通常比常规作物获得更高的产量。)”可知，杂交作物的主要优点是它们通常比常规作物获得更高的产量。故选A。14．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.(他成功地生产出了一种可以养活国内外更多人的大米。)”可知，袁龙平成功生产出一种大米，不仅养活了中国，也养活了许多其他国家，由此可知，他的创新帮助了中国和其他国家，故选C。15．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(他后来的“海水稻”愿景也成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近一百万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产)”可知，袁隆平后来的愿景是海水稻，故选B。第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Humanbeingsarenottheonlyoneswhocommunicate.Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.___16___.Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.Whenadogishappy,itsearswillstandupanditseyeswillbewideopen.Thedogwillstartbarking,movingitstail,andrunningaroundincirclesorjumpingupanddowntoshowyouthatitwantstoplay.Adogthatisafraidwilllieonitsbackandcloseitseyes.Thedogmayshowitsteethandloweritsbodysothatitisclosetotheground.Thedogmayalsoshake,anditwillputitstailbetweenitslegs.Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.___17___.Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.Anelephant’ssenseofsmellishighlydeveloped.Anelephantcansmellhowanotherelephantisfeelingandeventellifitissick.Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.___18___:theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”Anelephant’sbodylanguageincludesearsignalsandgestures.Ifanelephantspreadsitsears,itmeans“Watchout!”Toshowfriendship,elephantswilltoucheachotherwiththeirtrunksandstandclosetoeachother,puttingtheirheadstogether.Dolphinsaresocialanimals.___19___.Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.Ifadolphinwantstosendamessageoveralongdistance,orifitwantstoshowhowstrongitis,itwilljumphighoutofthewaterandlandonitsside,makingaloudnoise.Adolphin’sfavouriteactivityisleapingintotheairwhileplayingwithitsfriends.___20___,theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.Ifyouseedolphinsdoingthis,youshouldnotdisturbthem.A.DifferentnoiseshaveavarietyofmeaningsB.HereisaquicklookathowsomeofouranimalfriendssendmessagestousandtoeachotherC.ThetailwillstandstraightoutfromthebodyD.DolphinsaresometimesgladE.WhendolphinsaretiredandneedtorestF.Animalshavelanguagesthathumansdon’tknowG.Theyliveingroupsandloveshowingeachotherfeelings【语篇解读】本文是说明文。不只是人会交流，动物也能交流。文章主要介绍了几种动物的交流方式。〖答案〗16.B17.C18.A19.G20.E16．〖解析〗上文“Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.(动物用肢体语言告诉对方它们的感觉和它们的想法。)”指出动物也会用肢体语言交流，结合下文“Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.(狗用声音、身体动作和尾巴来交流。)”，“Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.(大象也用噪音和肢体语言来表达自己。)”和“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居动物。)”可知，下文主要介绍了几种动物的交流方式，B项“下面我们就来快速了解一下我们的一些动物朋友是如何给我们和彼此发送信息的”符合语境，引起下文，故选B。17．〖解析〗上文“Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.(当狗生气时，它的主要肢体语言是露出牙齿和咆哮。狗会尽可能地让自己看起来很大)”指出狗生气时会尽可能让自己看起来很大，空处承接上文，具体指出狗是如何让自己看起来更大，C项“尾巴会从身体里伸出来”符合语境，承接上文，故选C。18．〖解析〗上文“Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.(大象的鼻子，也被用来发出声音，欢迎其他大象)”指出大象用鼻子会发出声音，下文“theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”(它们可以表示“我饿了”、“我生气了”或者“很高兴见到你!”)”具体指出大象发出的不同声音表示不同的含义，A项“不同的声音有不同的意思”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。19．〖解析〗上文“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居动物)”指出海豚是群居动物，即海豚生活在一起，下文“Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.(一只愤怒的海豚有时会在水面上撞它的尾巴。运动和噪音让其他海豚知道有些不对劲。)”具体介绍了海豚的交流方式，空处承上启下，G项“它们生活在一起，喜欢表达彼此的感情”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。20．〖解析〗下文“theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.(它们会在靠近水面的地方成群游动)”指出海豚会在靠近水面的地方成群游动。由此推知，空处应该是具体指出海豚为什么会在靠近水面的地方成群游动，E项“当海豚累了需要休息时”符合，空处是下文的条件，故选E。第三部分语言运用(共二节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题,每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrong___21___forknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,___22___adoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslater___23___asamiracleyearinscience,he___24___fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamous___25___theworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasableto___26___hisjobatthepatentofficeandenter___27___full-timeatauniversity.In1922,hewas___28___the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis___29___ofthephotoelectriceffect.Circumstances___30___in1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsof___31___institutionsclosedtohim.___32___,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinally___33___ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.___34___that,hecontinuedtomakegreat___35___inphysicsandmathematics.21.A.liquid B.phrase C.passion D.crisis22.A.earning B.digesting C.bending D.leaking23.A.boiled B.integrated C.revealed D.recorded24.A.defeated B.published C.adopted D.bowed25.A.over B.for C.above D.throughout26.A.attain B.bend C.quit D.stretch27.A.research B.draft C.mode D.cheek28.A.evaluated B.awarded C.founded D.employed29.A.explanation B.instance C.tendency D.valley30.A.persuaded B.blessed C.differed D.changed31.A.essential B.academic C.reliable D.visible32.A.Apparently B.Slightly C.Consequently D.Entirely33.A.generated B.inquired C.wandered D.obtained34.A.Inferring B.Following C.Switching D.Swinging35.A.characteristics B.prospect C.achievements D.innovation【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了物理学家爱因斯坦的生平和取得的成就。〖答案〗21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C21．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈激情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。A.liquid液体；B.phrase短语；C.passion激情；D.crisis危机。由下文“hecontinuedtostudy,”可知，他在工作期间继续学习，这说明他渴望知识，即对知识充满激情，故选C。22．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈激情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。A.earning赚，赢得，博得；B.digesting消化；C.bending弯曲；D.leaking泄露。由下文“adoctorateinphysicsin1905”和上文提到他渴望知识，在工作期间继续学习可知，他最终获得了物理学博士学位，故选A。23．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被记录为科学界的奇迹年。A.boiled煮沸；B.integrated合并；C.revealed揭示；D.recorded记录。下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”提到他在这一年内发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文可知，这一年后来被人们记录为科学界的奇迹年，故选D。24．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：同年，他发表了四篇非凡的物理学论文，这一年后来被记录为科学界的奇迹年。A.defeated击败；B.published公布，发表；C.adopted采取；D.bowed鞠躬。由下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”可知，此处指他发表了四篇论文，故选B。25．〖解析〗考查介词词词义辨析。句意：此后，他逐渐成为世界闻名的新艾萨克牛顿。A.over在……上面；B.for为了；C.above在……上；D.throughout遍及。throughouttheworld意为“世界各地”，由下文“theworldasthenewIsaacNewton”和上文提到了他在一年内发表了四篇论文，取得了非凡的成就可知，他逐渐在世界各地有名起来，故选D。26．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，在一所大学全职从事研究工作。A.attain获得；B.bend弯曲；C.quit停止，放弃；D.stretch伸展。下文“enter________full-timeatauniversity”提到了他进入一所大学工作，由此可知，他辞去了之前在专利局的工作，故选C。27．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，在一所大学全职从事研究工作。A.research研究；B.draft草稿；C.mode模型；D.cheek脸颊。由下文“In1922,hewas_______the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis________ofthephotoelectriceffect.”可知，他与1922年获得诺贝尔物理奖，由此可知，他进入大学是从事研究工作，故选A。28．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。A.evaluated评估；B.awarded授予；C.founded建立；D.employed雇佣。由下文“the1921NobelPrizeforPhysics”可知他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖，故选B。29．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。A.explanation解释；B.instance例子；C.tendency趋势；D.valley峡谷。由下文“ofthephotoelectriceffect”和上文提到他获得诺贝尔物理学奖可知，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选A。30．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：局势在1933年发生了变化，当时希特勒在德国掌权。A.persuaded劝说；B.blessed祝福；C.differed不同；D.changed改变。由下文“whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.”可知，1933年希特勒在德国掌权，这说明局势发生了变化，故选D。31．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。A.essential有必要的；B.academic学术的；C.reliable可靠的；D.visible看得见的。由下文“institutionsclosedtohim”和上文提到的1933年德国局势发生变化，希特勒掌权，犹太人遭到迫害，而Einstein是犹太人，结合上文提到他一直进行学术研究可知，他认为学术机构的大门对他关闭了。故选B。32．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。A.Apparently明显地；B.Slightly轻微地；C.Consequently结果，因此；D.Entirely完全。上文提到1933年德国局势发生变化，希特勒掌权，犹太人遭到迫害，而牛顿是犹太人可知，他不得不逃离德国。故选C。33．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：在欧洲呆了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份工作。A.generated生成；B.inquired调查；C.wandered游荡；D.obtained获得。由下文“ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA”可知，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院获得了一份工作，故选D。34．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。A.Inferring推断；B.Following跟随，排在……后；C.Switching改变，交换；D.Swinging改变。此处that代指上文提到的他在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份工作，由下文“hecontinuedto”可知，前后是时间先后关系，此处在描述之后的事情。故选B。35．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。A.characteristics特点；B.prospect前景；C.achievements成就；D.innovation创新。由上文“hecontinuedtomakegreat”和常识可知，爱因斯坦在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院工作后，继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大的成就。故选C。第Ⅱ卷非选择题(满分55分)第二节(共10小题,每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dollywood,inthe___36___(beauty)SmokyMountainsinsoutheasternUSA,isunique___37___itshowsandcelebratesAmerica’straditionalsoutheasternculture.Famouscountrymusicgroupsputon___38___(performance)thereallyearround,indoorsandoutdoors.PeoplecomefromalloverAmerica___39___(see)skilledworkersmakewood,glass,andironobjectsintheold-fashionedway.___40___(visit)thecandyshopandtryingsomeof___41___samekindofcandythatAmericansouthernersmade150yearsagoisarareexperience.Ridingontheonlysteamenginestill___42___(work)inthesoutheasternUnitedStatesisaspecialtreat.Andforthose___43___likerides,Dollywoodhasasuperboldwoodenrollercoaster,Thunderhead.Itisworld-famousforhavingthe___44___(long)trackinthesmallestspace.CometoDollywoodtohavefun____45____(learn)allaboutAmerica’shistoricalsoutheasternculture!【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉的多莱坞，它展示和庆祝了美国传统的东南部文化。著名的乡村音乐团体全年都在这里进行室内外演出。〖答案〗36.beautiful37.because38.performances39.tosee40.Visiting41.the42.working43.who##that44.longest45.learning36．〖解析〗考查形容词。句意：位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉的多莱坞是独一无二的，因为它展示和庆祝了美国传统的东南部文化。修饰后文SmokyMountains，应用形容词beautiful。故填beautiful。37．〖解析〗考查状语从句。句意：位于美国东南部美丽的斯莫基山脉的多莱坞是独一无二的，因为它展示和庆祝了美国传统的东南部文化。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故填because。38．〖解析〗考查名词的数。句意：著名的乡村音乐团体全年都在这里进行室内外演出。performance为可数名词，根据上文Famouscountrymusicgroups可知数量大于一应用复数。故填performances。39．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：来自美国各地的人们来看熟练的工人用老式的方法制作木头、玻璃和铁器。分析句子结构可知see在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填tosee。40．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：参观糖果店，品尝150年前美国南方人制作的同一种糖果是一种罕见的经历。作句子的主语，应用动名词，首字母大写。故填Visiting。41．〖解析〗考查冠词。句意：参观糖果店，品尝150年前美国南方人制作的同一种糖果是一种罕见的经历。短语thesame表示“”同一。故填the。42．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：乘坐美国东南部唯一仍在运行的蒸汽机是一种特殊的享受。分析句子结构可知work与逻辑主语steamengine构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填working。43．〖解析〗考查定语从句。句意：对于那些喜欢游乐设施的人来说，多莱坞有一个很棒的老式木制过山车——Thunderhead。定语从句修饰先行词those，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。44．〖解析〗考查最高级。句意：它以在最小的空间里拥有最长的轨道而闻名于世。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最长的”可知应用最高级。故填longest。45．〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：来多莱坞尽情学习美国东南部的历史文化吧！短语havefundoingsth.表示“玩得开心”。故填learning。第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.第一单元鼓励我们多角度地认识、思考、探索卓有成就的中外人物获得成功的原因及其人生的价值和意义，同时还鼓励我们由远及近观察身边的普通人，这些人虽然不是名人，但同样付出了努力，体现了自己的人生价值。请运用第一单元所学知识和人物传记的写作方法介绍一位你所钦佩的人物。参考标题：AScientistIAdmireATeacherIAdmire注意：1.词数80左右；2.不得抄袭。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________〖答案〗范文AScientistIAdmireTherearemanyadmirablepeoplearoundus,butthepersonIadmiremostisZhongNanshan.ZhongNanshan,an84-year-oldhero,gaveupthechanceofspendingtheNewYearwithhisfamilyandrushedtothefrontline.Heworkeddayandnightandledustoovercomedifficulties.HetriedhisbesttosaveeverypatientandpassedhopestoeveryChinese.Ilearnedfromhimtobekind,braveandresponsible.Iwillshowmyhighestrespectforhim.第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyha