英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondSectionⅡUsinglanguage课时作业含解析

UUnit6SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.阅读理解ALaunchingpeopleintospacemaymaketheheadlinesbutitislittleusefulforscience.SowhenGeorgeBushredirectedAmerica'sspaceagency,NASA,awayfromscientificresearchandtowardsamannedreturntothemoon,manyscientistsweredisappointed.Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn：Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.Suchadevicewouldlookbackattheearlyuniversetothetimewhenlarge­scalestructuressuchasgalaxiesandstarsformed.Alunar­basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet'satmosphere.Moreoverbypointingthetelescopeawayfromthedinofshorter­wavelengthradiowavesthatareusedforcommunicationonEarth,astrophysicistswouldbeabletoseetheearlyuniverseinunprecedenteddetail.Findingalienlifemightalsobepossiblewithsuchatelescope.Itwouldbeabletomapthemagneticfieldsofstarsandexoplanets.ItisthemagneticfieldoftheEarththatprotectsitsinhabitantsfrombeingbombardedbyhigh­energyparticlesfromspacethatwouldotherwiseleavetheplanetsterile.DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth­likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC,istocreateanarrayofthreearmsarrangedinaY­shape,eachofwhichwouldbe500metreslongandcontain16antennae.Eacharmwouldbemadeofaplasticfilmthatcouldberolledoutontothesurfaceofthemoon,eitherbyrobotsorbyastronauts.Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon'ssurface.Suchbombardmentproduceslow­energyX­raysthatwouldbedetectedonthesurfaceofthemoon.ThethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachotherandtoearlierventuresdroppedonthemoonbytheApolloandtheSovietLunamissionsinthelate1960sand1970s.Some35yearson,reflectorsplacedonthelunarsurfacearestillusedbyscientistsinterestedingeophysicsandgeodesy.Mostofthereflectorsareclusteredclosetothelunarequator.Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon'ssurface.SucheffortsmayattractlittleattentioncomparedwiththelaunchofthespaceshuttleEndeavourthisweek.Nevertheless,whenNASAarguesthatputtingpeopleintospaceinspiresyoungpeopletostudyscience,itispreciselytheseendeavoursthatitwishestoencourage.1．By“Launchingpeopleintospacemaymaketheheadlinesbutitislittleusefulforscience.”(inParagraph1),theauthormeans________.A．launchingpeopleintospaceisveryimportantB．newspaperonlycaresaboutwhetherhumanscantravelintospaceC．humans'traveltoouterspaceisagainstscientificrulesD．launchingpeopleintospaceisnotofgreatscientificvalue2．Themostdistinctivefeatureofalunar­basedradiotelescopementionedinthesecondparagraphisthat________.A．itisabletocapturelongwavelengthsB．itpossessesbetterfunctionsthanthetelescopesonEarthC．itcanescapefromthemagneticfieldoftheEarthD．itcandetectallgalaxiesintheuniverse3．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefournewmoonplans?A．Objective.B．Affirmative.C．Carefree.D．Opposed.4．Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree？A.Theradiotelescopewillbeabletofindextraterrestriallife.B．ThesecondprojectfocusesontheinteractionbetweensolarwindandEarth'satmosphere.C．JosephLazio'sproposalispartoftheradiotelescopeproject.D．ThefourprojectsarecloselyrelatedtotherecentlylaunchedspaceshuttleEndeavour.BWhenIfirststartedtakingphotographsofthenightsky,IneverthoughtI'dendupdoingitforaliving.I'dalwaysbeeninterestedinphotograpby.IusedtodrivemyfamilyandfriendscrazybecauseIwasalwaystakingphotographsofthem.ThenonedayIsawaposteroftheEarthtakenfromouterspace.Posterslikethatwerereallypopularinthe1970s.Ihadseenlotsofthem,buttherewassomethingdifferentaboutthisone.Itattractedmeanditendedupchangingmylife!Ithasn'talwaysbeeneasythough.IremembertryingtotakeapictureoftheCometHale­Boppforaphotographycompetitionin1997.Icheckedwiththeexpertsatthelocalweatherstationtomakesuretheyweren'texpectingcloudsorstrongwinds.At3：30amIsetthecameraonatripod(三脚架)inmygarden,andthenIbeganthecountdownto4：00am,whenthecometwasscheduledtoappear.Irecallthinking,“Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,thephotowillshowthecometasalineoflightmovingacrossabackgroundofstars.”Butsuddenlyeverythingwasterriblywrong!At3：59am,justasIwasmakingthefinaladjustments,outthebushescameastreak(色条)ofblackheadingstraightformyfeet,andbeforeIknewit,thecamera,thetripodandIwereontheground!Thestreakofblackwasmyneighbour'scatTiddlesoutforhislate­nightexercise,andhehadruinedtheonlychanceIhadforthenext2,000yearsoftakingphotographsofthespectacular(壮观的)comet!Missedphotoopportunitiesaside,astrophotographyisagreatjob,anditcanalsobeanenjoyablehobby.Surprisinglyenough,youdon'tneedanyspecialequipment:justa35mmcamera,atripodandsomeslow­speedfilm.Butyoumustremembertotakecareofyourequipment.5．Whatdoestheauthormainlydescribeinthetext?A．Howhewastrainedtobeaweatherexpert.B．Howhetookphotographsforposters.C．Howhetookphotographsofpeople.D．Howhebecameanastrophotographer.6．Whatchangedtheauthorcompletely?A．Takingfamilyphotographsforaliving.B．Takingupastrophotographyasahobby.C．AnattractiveposteroftheEarthtakenfromouterspace.D．Apopularphotographofthecomet.7．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Theauthorwantedtotakeapictureofthecometforacompetition.B．Theauthorshowedpeoplehowthecometmovedacrossthesky.C．Thecometwasexpectedtoappearat3：30am.D．Thecometonceappearedintheyearof2000.8．Whatdestroyedtheauthor'slastopportunitytotakethepictureofthecomet?A．Unexpectedclouds.B．Alineoflight.C．Aneighbour'scat.D．Strongwinds.Ⅱ.七选五Whenthinkingaboutplacingahumanbeinginspace,oneofthemostimportantquestionsishowtodesignspecialclothingneededtoprotectthepersonfromthedangersofthespaceenvironment.__1__Thefierceheatofthesuncancausesevereburns.Thelackoftheatmospherecancausegasesinthebodytoexpandandevenburst.Withnooxygentobreathe,ahumanbeingwilldieinonlyafewmoments.__2__Soisdamagefromsmallpiecesofrocksandobjectslikemeteoroids(流星体).In1933,anAmericanflyer,WileyPost,designedoneofthefirstsuccessfuldevicestoprotectapilotatextremeheights.__3__AstronautsintheAmericanspaceagencyflewthefirstAmericanspaceflightsintheearly1960s.TheclothingwassimilartothatinventedbyWileyPost.__4__Itletsthemmove,dousefultasks,andstayoutsidetheirspacecraftincomfortandsafetyforseveralhours.ThespacesuitiscalledtheshuttleextravehicularmobilityunitorEMU.Itwasdesignedtoendurelongerandtopermitmoremovementthanearlierspacesuits.TheEMUhasanumberofpartsthatanastronautcanlinktogetherbyusingonlyonehand,whichmakesitpossibleforeachastronauttoselectthepartsthatfitcorrectly.Nowadays,NASAscientistsarealsoconsideringthekindofspacesuitthatwouldbeneededforexplorationontheplanetMars.__5__TheequipmentmayalsohavetoprotectastronautsfromparticlescarriedinthewindonMars.And,theymustbeeasytorepairandkeepcleanduringalongerflighttoandfromtheredplanet.A．Radiationfromthesunisanotherriskinspace.B．Thecoldofspacewillfreezeskininashorttime.C．Today,astronautswearverydifferentprotectiveclothing.D．SpecialspacesuitshavebeenusedforexplorationofMars.E．EMUhasmanypartsthatcanbelinkedtogetherbyusingtwohands.F．Itwasalargedevicethatlookedlikeacansurroundedthepilot'shead.G．BecauseofthegravityonMars,spacesuitsmayhavetobedesignedtobelighterthansuitsusedinorbitoronthemoon.课时作业(十七)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。把人送入太空可能会成为头条新闻，但在科学方面并没有多少用处。因此当乔治·布什重新指挥NASA从科学研究转向载人重返月球时，许多科学家感到失望。1．答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第一句话的意思是，把人送入太空也许能成为头条新闻，但是对科学研究却没有多大帮助。故选D项。2．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段提到，该射电望远镜的最大特点在于能够探测到那些无法在地球表面被检测到的长波。3．答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Themostexciting”说明了作者的支持态度。同样，最后一段中作者对这些月球计划所代表的“奋进”精神大加赞赏，同样表达了一种支持的态度。4．答案与解析：C细节理解题。A选项错误的原因在于寻找外星人只是一种可能性，至于结果是不确定的。B选项错误的原因在于该研究定位于太阳风和月球稀薄的大气层之间的关系，而不是和地球大气层的关系。D选项错误的原因在于这四项研究与“奋进”号航天飞机并没有很大的关系。B【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从看到一张从外太空拍摄的地球照片开始对拍摄天体感兴趣。作者有一次为了参加比赛去拍摄彗星，却因为一只突然蹿出来的猫而没有拍成，但作者对拍摄天体的热爱丝毫未减。5．答案与解析：D主旨大意题。综观全文可知，作者从看到一张从外太空拍摄的地球照片开始对拍摄天体感兴趣，重点讲述了自己拍摄彗星时遇到的趣事，文章最后总结天体摄影是有趣的工作。由此可见全文主要讲述作者成为天体摄影师的过程。故选D项。6．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的ThenonedayIsawaposteroftheEarthtakenfromouterspace.Posterslike