虚拟语气 课件【知识精讲+演练提升】英语高考一轮复习语法部分

虚拟语气theSubjunctiveMood高考语法陆玉航目录010203WhatistheSubjunctiveMoodrelatedconcept

Howtosolveproblems

Content01WhatistheSubjunctiveMood什么是虚拟语气：IfIwereyou，Iwouldseizethechance.（1）表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑

等，假设是不可能或者不大可能发生或实现的；（2）表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等02relatedconcept

虚拟语气的基本用法：if条件句中的虚拟语气：If从句主句与现在相反did（be用were)would/should/could/might+do与过去相反had+donewould/should/could/might＋have+done与将来相反did（be用were)wereto+doshould+dowould/should/could/might+do虚拟语气的基本用法：if条件句中的虚拟语气：Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。虚拟语气的基本用法：在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、should时，可以把if省略，将had、were、should、could提到句首，变成倒装句。Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.如果没有老师们的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknowntheschedule.要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但不能说:Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.虚拟语气的基本用法：在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、should时，可以把if省略，将had、were、should、could提到句首，变成倒装句。IfIwereinyourposition，Iwoulddothesame.→WereIinyourposition，Iwoulddothesame.假如我处在你的位置，我也会这样干的。Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.如果你来得早些，你就会赶上公共汽车了。Ifitshouldraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山了。错综虚拟语气：如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）

IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedtheconcertlastnight.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气：有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(没有)、butfor(要不是)、otherwise/or(否则)incase，forfearthat等。Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Butforyourhelp，wecouldn’thavesucceeded．(介词短语)Iwasillthatday．Otherwise，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting．(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday，orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit．(连词)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：(1)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反从句谓语动词:did(be动词一般用were)从句谓语动词:had＋done从句谓语动词:would/could/might＋do虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：(1)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。IwishIhadtoldhimthewaytothesupermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。Iwishyoucouldgivemethebookyouborrowedfrommelastweektomorrow.我希望你明天能把你上周从我这儿借的那本书还给我。虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：(2)在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋do”，should可以省略。常见的这类动词有：①坚持：insist；②命令：order、command、mandate；③建议：advise、suggest、propose、recommend、propose；④要求：request、require、demand、ask、desire;⑤外加一个敦促：urge、一个提议move；二主张：advocate；maintain；三规定：rule；regulate；stipulateIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：特别提醒：①如果suggest不表示“建议”时，意为“暗示、表明”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。HispalefacesuggestedthathewasillandIsuggestedhe(should)havearest.Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.②insist——坚持说、坚持认为——不用虚拟

——坚决要求——用虚拟eg.Heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthatshe(should)besenttohospitalatonce.eg.Theboyinsistedthathewasright.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：(3)wouldrather、wouldsooner,、wouldjustassoon所接的宾语从句中，意为“宁愿；但愿”:

从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；

从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。I'dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.要是前天他和我一起去海边就好了。虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用：表示“建议、要求、命令、计划”等的名词，如advice、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“（should）＋do”，should可以省略。Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.他让我们去上海的建议很好。虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用：在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词有important、necessary、strange、natural、essential、urgent(紧急的）advisable（明智的）imperative（有绝对必要）常见过去分词有suggested、ordered、advised、requested、demandedItisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用：It's(about/high/very)time＋that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，should不能省略)，意为“是某人该做某事的时间了”。It'stimethatwewent/shouldgohome.是我们该回家的时候了。Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用：lest／in

case

／for

fear

that引导的状语从句

lest（以防、以免）、in

case（万一、以防）、for

fear

that（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）＋do的形式。

The

old

woman

walked

slowly

lest

she（should）slip．Hetookenoughmoneyforfearthatunexpectedthingsshouldhappen.Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.asif、asthough、ifonly从句中的虚拟语气：asif、asthough、ifonly从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反从句谓语动词:did(be动词一般用were)从句谓语动词:had＋done从句谓语动词:would/could/might＋doasif、asthough、ifonly从句中的虚拟语气：asif/asthough:好像、仿佛ifonly：要是……就好了Ifonlythedriverdidn'tdrivesofast.要是司机没开那么快就好了。IfonlyshewouldpasstheEnglishexamination!但愿她能通过英语考试！Mary'sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere.玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。现在事实相反将来事实相反过去事实相反asif、asthough、ifonly从句中的虚拟语气：特别提醒：当asif/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看那乌云，好像要下雨了。补充：wereitnotfor“要不是因为”含有责备和批评的虚拟语气：should/oughtto/could/might+have+过去分词表示：过去本应该.....而事实上没有.....Youarelateagain.youcouldhavecomeearlier.你又来晚了，你本能够早点到的。Youhavemadeafewmistakes.youshouldhavebeenalitbitcareful.你犯了几个错误，比本应该更细心点。Itissonear.weneedn’thavetakenataxi.这么近，我们本没有必要打车的。补充：在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.should可以翻译成什么？补充：If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:Ifitweren'tfor…和Ifithadn'tbeenfor…，其意为"若不是(有)""要不是"。如:Ifitweren'tforwater,noplantcouldgrow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。Ifithadn'tbeenforyourassistance，wewouldn'thavesucceeded.=Butforyourassistance，wewouldn'thavesucceeded.=Withoutyourassistance，wewouldn'thavesucceeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。03Howtosolveproblems判断是否虚拟判断虚拟类型判断虚拟时间做题三部曲意义和语气判断法时间判断法解题方法：方法解读方法一意义和语气判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。George_____________________(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测can't/couldn'thavegone

方法解读方法二时间判断法虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。IwishI____________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.表示与过去事实相反的假设hadbeen演练提升1.“Thatway,thespreadoftheviruscould____________(prevent)，”itsaid,“sincepeopledidnotneedtobeinclosecontact.”2.It'srequiredthatatleastonefootballclass__________________(offer)eachweekintheseschoolssothattheycanencouragetheirstudentstoactivelyparticipateinfootballtrainingandmatches.3.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishI______________(answer)yourcall.beprevented(should)beofferfereedhadanswered演练提升4.Annsaidwheneverherfatherwasunhappyhe____________gooutandbuysomething,usuallysomethinglargeanduseless.5.—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—Noperson______________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.6.Itishightimethatyou______________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.wouldshallconsidered/shouldconsider演练提升7.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe______________(drive)byturns,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.8.—WhereismyChinesebook?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You______________haveputitinthewrongplace.9.Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe______________(come)tomorrowthantoday.10.Mysuggestionisthatanotebook______________(keep)andaChinese­Englishdictionary______________(be)withinourreach.haddrivenmustcame(should)bekept(keep)(should)beIfI__________(have)enoughmoney,I__________(buy)myselfacomputerfirstofall.had;wouldbuyIfMr.Tim__________(be)presentthen,he__________(offer)anypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.hadbeen;wouldhaveofferedIfI__________(see)himtomorrow,I__________(invite)himhome.saw/shouldsee/weretosee;wouldinviteIfwe__________(book)atableearlier,we__________(be)standinghereinaqueue.hadbooked;wouldn’tbeIfyou__________(notleave)homewithoutaword,yourparents__________(be)soworriednow.hadn’tleft;wouldn’tbe(2018·天津)Ifwe______(catch)theflightyesterday，wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.hadcaught演练提升__________(be)shemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.were__________hecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.hadDon’thandlethevaseasifit__________(make)ofsteel.weremadeMymomsuggeststhatwe_____________(eat)outforachangethisweekend.(should)eatGracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe__________(live)there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.weretolive/shouldlive/lived演练提升(2019·天津)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey_____________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.(2019·江苏)Whatapity！Youmissedthesightseeing，orwe________(have)agoodtimetogether.(2018·天津)Ican’tfindmypurse．I_________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.演练提升IwishI________atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.A．willbe B．wouldbe C．havebeen D．hadbeenDEyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam________attheageofsixmonthsold.A．was B．be C．were D．IsBHedescribedallofthetouristattractionsindetailasifhe________alloftheminperson.A．visited B．wouldvisit C．wouldhavevisited D．hadvisitedD演练提升Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.

A.could

B.can

C.should

D.wouldCHegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinished

B.willfinish

C.mustbefinishedD.finshAWithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe

B.hasbeen

C.shouldbe

D.wasA演练提升Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbesetB—Yourperformance