英语-单元词汇详解2-高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册

牛津英语单元词汇详解必修一Unit2Let’stalkteensWordlistsSupportivesentences1.nest/nest/n.鸟窝；巢穴，窝(15)【原句背诵】Morningandnight,MotherBirdisthereUntilherbaby’soldenoughtoleavethenest.【拓展】nest做动词用时，意思是“筑巢；巢居”。Thousandsofseabirdsarenestingonthecliffs.成千上万的海鸟在悬崖上筑巢。Icanseeaneagle’snestontherocks.我能看到岩石上的一个鹰巢。Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.当捕食者接近它的巢穴时，猫头鹰会引领捕食者远离它的巢穴。2.roof/ruːf/n.屋顶，顶部(16)【原句背诵】StrangersUnderthesameroofs?【拓展】roof作动词用时，意思是“盖上屋顶”。Theshoppingcentreisnotroofedover.购物中心是露天的。Therearevariousstoresandrestaurantsallunderoneroof.在同一栋大楼里有各种商店和饭馆。Idon’tthinkIcanliveunderthesameroofasyouanylonger.我觉得我再也不能和你生活在同一个屋檐下了。3.battle/ˈbætl/n.&vt.&vi.争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争(16)【原句背诵】Doeseverydinnerwithyourparentsseemtoturnintoabattle?【拓展】thebattleofWaterloo滑铁卢战役abattleagainst/forsthg.奋斗abattlewithsb.forsthg.和某人较量/争斗battlewith/againstsb.forsthg.奋斗；争斗battleitout打出胜负，奋力争夺Shehasfoughtaconstantbattlewithherweight.她一直在和自己的体重作斗争。Doctorsbattledthroughoutthenighttosaveherlife.医生们奋战了整个晚上来抢救她的生命。Shewillnowbattleitoutwith50otherhopefulsforaplaceinthelast10.她现在将和另外50名有希望的候选人决战最后10个位置中的一个。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）Itisnotaproblem(whether)wecanwinthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.我们能否赢得这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。（2021浙江卷）However,becomingafull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbeanuphillbattleforanothereightyearsuntilhelandedanumberoffilmrolesthatfinallygothimnoticed.然而，成为一名全职的成功演员仍然是一场艰苦的战斗，又过了8年他才获得了一些电影角色，引起人们的关注。4.seeeyetoeyewithsb(onsth)（在某事上）与某人看法一致(16)【原句背诵】Doyoufeelthatyoujustcannotseeeyetoeyewiththemonanything?Itissogoodthatyouseeeyetoeyewithmeonthisproblem.你在这个问题上的看法与我完全一致，这真好。ButIdon'tseeeyetoeyewiththemandIinsistthatthesecretsbehindthemagicshouldnotbedisclosed.但是我的看法和他们不一样，我坚信魔术的秘密不该揭露出来。5.argument/ˈɑːɡjumənt/n.争吵，争论；论点(16)【原句背诵】Heatedargumentsandcoldsilencesarecommonbetweenteenagersandtheirparents.【拓展】（1）argumentwithsb.over/aboutsthg.和某人争论某事argumentfor/againststhg.支持/反对某事（2）argue/ˈɑːɡjuː/vi.争吵，争辩，争论vt.说理，论证(19)【原句背诵】Recentlywehavearguedwitheachotheragreatdeal.【拓展】arguewithsb.over/aboutsthg.和某人争论某事arguefor/against(doing)sthg.支持/反对某事【误区】由动词argue变名词argument时，要去掉字母e。Wehadanargumentwiththewaiteraboutthebill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。Thedoctorshavesetouttheirargumentsagainsttheproposals.医生们已经说明了反对这些提案的理由。We'realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.我们总是为钱吵嘴。Theyarguedfortherighttostrike.他们据理力争罢工的权利。Itcouldbearguedthatlawsaremadebyandformen.法律由人并为人制定的这一点颇有道理。ItisoftenarguedthatoneofthemostcommondifferencesbetweentheBritishandAmericansenseofhumoristhatAmericansdon'tunderstandirony(反话).有争论认为，英国人和美国人有关幽默感区别之一是美国人不理解反话。【链接高考】（2013江苏卷）Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.他把读者引入到故事中，引导他们加入辩论。（2019江苏卷）Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can’twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.黑猩猩在争论中敌不过现代人，但是它能像撕碎布娃娃一样把人撕碎。6.teenager/ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/n.青少年(16)7.tension/ˈtenʃn/n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸(16)【原句背诵】Teenagers’physicalchangesmayresultinsuchfamilytensions.【拓展】international/racial/politicaltensions国际紧张局势；种族间的紧张关系；政治上的紧张状况easethetension缓和紧张状况；缓和紧张局势Thereisoftenatensionbetweentheaimsofthecompanyandthewishesoftheemployees.公司的目标和雇员的愿望之间经常存在矛盾。Welaughedandthathelpedeasethetension.我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。Smilingandlaughinghasactuallybeenshowntorelievetensionandstress.微笑和大笑确实已证明能缓解紧张和压力。Notonlydoesthiswell-designeddevicereducepainandtension,butalsoitimprovesyourmoodandoverallhealth!这款设计精良的设备不仅能减轻疼痛和紧张感，还能改善你的心情和整体健康!【链接高考】（2019全国卷II）There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.尼克和艾米为了争夺你的信任从一开始就充满了紧张和焦虑。（2015重庆卷）Thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough,asdoesyourheartrate,asyoumoveclosertothem.然而，当你更靠近它们时，兴奋和紧张的感觉会突然上升，你的心率也会上升。8.anxious/ˈæŋkʃəs/adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的(16)9.rate/reɪt/n.速度；率vi.&vt.评价，评估(16)10.shoot/ʃuːt/vi.&vt.(shot,shot)（使朝某方向）冲，奔；射击；射杀；摄影(16)11.shootup快速长高，蹿个儿(16)【原句背诵】Youmayfeelanxiousthatyouaredevelopingatadifferentratetoyourfriends,shootingupinheightorgettingleftfarbehind.【拓展】（1）beanxiousaboutsthg.忧虑；担心（某事）beanxiousforsb.为某人担心beanxiousforsthg.希望得到beanxioustodosthg.渴望做某事anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/n.焦虑，忧虑；担心（2）atanyrate无论如何，至少attherateof按……之速度；按……比率unemploymentrate失业率birth/deathrate出生率/死亡率【误区】shootsthg./sb.表示“击中某物/某人”；shootatsthg./sb.表示“向某物/某人射击”（不一定击中）。Thehunterfiredhisgunandshotafox.猎人开枪打中了一只狐狸。Thehunterraisedhisgunandshotatafox.猎人举枪向一只狐狸射击。（不一定击中）Parentsarenaturallyanxiousfortheirchildren.父母自然为儿女担心。Thereareplentyofgraduatesanxiousforwork.有大量毕业生渴求工作。Theforeignministeradmittedhewasstillanxiousaboutthesituationinthecountry.外交部长承认他对该国的局势依然感到焦虑。Ifyou'reworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyouranxietieswithyourdoctor.你要是担心自己的健康，就把你的忧虑告诉医生吧。Localbusinessesareclosingata/therateofthreeayear.地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。Theuniversityishighlyratedforitsresearch.这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价。Theyratedhimhighlyasacolleague.作为同事，他们对他评价甚高。Threepeoplewereshotdeadduringtherobbery.抢劫过程中有三人被开枪打死。TheirkidshaveshotupsinceIlastsawthem.自我上次见了以后，他们家几个孩子一下子长高了。Ticketpricesshotuplastyear.去年票价猛涨。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功。（2021新高考I卷）ThenJeffnoticedsteamshootingoutofthepotandthelidstartingtoshake.然后杰夫注意到蒸汽从锅里喷出来，盖子开始摇晃。12.spot/spɒt/n.粉刺；斑点；污渍；地点，场所(16)Youmightworryaboutyourchangingvoice,weightproblemsorspots.【拓展】atouristspot旅游景点aspotof少许；一点；少量onthespot当场；现场；在原地putsb.onthespot（提出难题）使某人尴尬，使某人为难【熟词生义】v.发现；看出；注意到Ifinallyspottedmyfriendinthecrowd.我终于在人群中看见了我的朋友。I'vejustspottedamistakeonthefrontcover.我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。Thebaby'swholebodywascoveredinsmallredspots.当时这孩子浑身布满小红疙瘩。Heansweredthequestiononthespot.他当场就回答了那个问题。Jameswascalledtoseetheproducerandgotthejobonthespot.詹姆斯被叫去见那个制片人，当即得到了那份工作。Theinterviewer'squestionsreallyputhimonthespot.采访者的问题使他很下不来台。Blindspotsaretheareasaroundthecarthatcannotbedirectlyobservedbythedriver.盲点是指汽车周围驾驶者不能直接观察到的区域。Canyouspotthedifferencebetweenthesetwopictures?你能不能看出这两幅画有什么不同？【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页，并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分。（2021全国甲卷）Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.让每个人把他们的衣服都放在相应的位置上。13.target/ˈtɑːɡɪt/n.（攻击的）目标，对象；靶子vt.把…作为攻击目标；面向(16)14.anger/ˈæŋɡə(r)/n.怒气，怒火(16)【原句背诵】Whenitallgetstoomuch,yourparentsareoftenthefirsttargetsofyouranger.【拓展】（1）salestarget销售目标strategictarget战略目标targetaudience目标受众；目标观众；目标客户targetcustomers目标客户，目标顾客hitthetarget射中靶子；达到目的tomeet/achieveatarget完成╱达到目标betargetedat…目标是……（2）in/withanger生气地，愤怒地angry/ˈæŋɡri/adj.生气的；愤怒的beangryabout/over/atsthg.对……生气beangryat/withsb.about/over/forsthg.生某人的气【熟词生义】anger用作动词时，意思是“使发怒；激怒；恼火”。Thequestionclearlyangeredhim.这个问题显然激怒了他。Setyourselftargetsthatyoucanreasonablyhopetoachieve.给自己制订有望达到的指标。Theuniversitywillreachitstargetof5000studentsnextSeptember.这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生5000人的目标。Thecampaignisclearlytargetedattheyoung.这个宣传计划显然是针对青年人的。Thecompanyhasbeentargetedbyanimalrightsgroupsforitsuseofdogsindrugstrials.这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。Hewasfilledwithangeratthewayhehadbeentreated.他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。Areyouangrywithmeforsomereason?你是因为某个原因生我的气了吗？ThedecisiontoallowmoreoffshoreoildrillingangeredsomeCalifornians.这个允许更多海底石油钻探的决定激怒了一些加利福尼亚人。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）Self-deprecating(自嘲式)humorisusuallythesafesttype,buthereagainyoudon’twanttoovershootthetarget.自嘲式幽默通常是最安全的类型，但是你又不想过分取悦受众。（2020天津卷）Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.图书馆经常会针对不同年龄段的人举办阅读研讨会。mental/ˈmentl/adj.思想的，精神的，智力的(16)【原句背诵】Itcanbeabigheadachetobalanceyourdevelopingmentalneedstoo.【拓展】mentalhealth心理健康mentalstate精神状态mentalillness/disease精神病mentaldisorder精神病；心理失常mentaldevelopment/process心智发展；心理发展过程mentalstress/pressure精神紧张，心理压力thementalprocessofremembering记忆的心理过程mentallyadv.精神上；心理上【反义词】physicaladj.物理的；身体的physicallyadv.身体上地；根本上Hehasacompletementalblock(=difficultyinunderstandingorremembering)whenitcomestophysics.他对物理一窍不通。Theintellectualenvironmenthasasignificantinfluenceonthementaldevelopmentofthechildren.知识环境对孩子智力的发展有着重大的影响。Shewassufferingfromphysicalandmentalexhaustion.她当时已经是精疲力竭。Thistechniquewillhelppeoplementallyorganizeinformation.这个技术会帮助人们在头脑里组织信息。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”现在，许多人误解情商是一个人气质中几乎无法用智商测试来衡量的东西，比如性格、动力、信心、精神稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力”。（2020全国卷）Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。（2020浙江卷）Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.那些精神上有激励，退休前要求工作的人在这些测试中做得最好。（2016天津卷）UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.在Vaillant的研究中，研究人员将这些男性的心理健康得分与他们童年时的活动得分进行了比较。16.adult/ˈædʌlt/n.成年人(17)【原句背诵】Youenterastrangemiddleground—nolongerasmallchildbutnotquiteanadult.【拓展】grown-upn.成年人；成熟的Childrenareadmittedonlyifaccompaniedbyanadult.儿童必须有成年人陪同方可入场。Whycan'tyoutwoactlikecivilizedadults?你们俩为什么就不能像有教养的成年人那样行事呢？【链接高考】（2020全国卷III）Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.东非和北欧的养牛人获得一种突变，折中突变可以帮助他们像成年人一样消化牛奶。（2020浙江卷）Today’sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.对于年轻人来说，适应今天的世界并不容易。（2014安徽卷）Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.年轻人尤其愿意接受这个概念，因为每个孩子在内心都希望成长为一个快乐、健康、有贡献的成年人。17.desire/dɪˈzaɪəI/n.&vt.渴望，希望(17)【原句背诵】Youhavebothanewdesireforindependenceandacontinuedneedforyourparents’loveandsupport.【拓展】haveadesirefor/todosthg.有欲望做某事astrongdesireforpower强烈的权力欲enoughmoneytosatisfyallyourdesires足够的钱来满足你所有的欲望Ihadastrongdesiretohelpandcareforpeople.我有一股强烈的帮助和关心别人的愿望。Wealldesirehealthandhappiness.我们都渴望健康和幸福。Themedicinedidnotachievethedesiredeffect.这种药未达到预期效果。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Thesedays,safetyregulations—nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.目前，安全法规，更不用说现代体育迷渴望一个好的视野和舒适的座位，倾向于保持球场上座率略低。（2021浙江卷）Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,canmakeforaremarkablelife.他向我们展示，即使是一个愿望，只要永不放弃，也可以成就非凡的人生。(2019江苏卷)Ifyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.如果你想参加体育活动，你可以选择游泳或骑马等活动。（2014江苏卷）Inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.为了满足这种欲望，他们甚至会放弃他们的是非观。18.struggle/ˈstrʌɡl/vi.&n.奋斗；斗争；搏斗(17)19.*rough/rʌf/adj.艰难的；粗糙的；不确切的(17)【原句背诵】Ontheotherhand,whenyouarestrugglingtocontrolyourfeelings,youwishtheycouldbemorecaringandpatient—sometimestheyforgetthatgrowingupisaroughride.【拓展】（1）strugglefor...奋斗；努力；争取strugglewith/againstsb.for...与某人争夺acountrystrugglingforindependence为独立而奋斗的国家apower/leadershipstruggle权力的争夺；领导权的斗争astruggleforindependence争取独立的斗争thestrugglebetweengoodandevil善恶之争（2）aroughdraftofaspeech讲话草稿aroughsketch草图aroughcalculation/estimateofthecost对成本的粗略计算╱估计Lisastruggledwithherconsciencebeforetalkingtothepolice.莉萨经过一番良心上的斗争，终于对警方说了。Thecompanyisstrugglingtofindbuyersforitsnewproduct.这个公司正竭力为它的新产品寻找买主。Losingweightwasaterriblestruggle.减肥是件很费劲的事。Heisengagedinabitterstrugglewithhisrivaltogetcontrolofthecompany.为取得对公司的控制权，他正同对手进行一场激烈的斗争。Therewereabout20peoplethere,ataroughguess.那里约计有20人。He'shadareallyroughtimerecently(=he'shadalotofproblems).他最近真是困难重重。【链接高考】(2019江苏卷）Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.他努力解释他在脑海中听到的东西。（2018天津卷）KeishareadhowRosaParks’refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955inspiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.凯莎读到了1955年罗莎·帕克斯在公交车上拒绝给一名白人乘客让座，这引发了一场抗议活动，成为民权斗争的转折点。（2014陕西卷）WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsume（消耗）richfood,continuetostaythin?为什么美国人努力控制体重，而吃油腻食物的法国人却能保持苗条呢?（2012北京卷）ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.地球上的人越来越多，他们理所当然地想要过上更好的生活，而不仅仅是为生存而斗争。20.breakdown/ˈbreɪkdaʊn/n.（关系）破裂；故障(17)【原句背诵】Allofthiscanleadtoabreakdowninyourrelationship.【拓展】（1）abreakdownonthemotorway在高速公路上出的故障abreakdownrecoveryservice车辆抢修服务thebreakdownofamarriage婚姻破裂marriagebreakdown婚姻破裂abreakdownincommunications通信中断thebreakdownoflawandorder治安陷入瘫痪（2）breakdown(机器、车辆等)出故障；(讨论、关系)失败;(系统)瘫痪breakup分裂；分手；(婚姻、恋爱关系)破裂；(会议、聚会)解散breakupn.(婚姻、关系、联系等的)破裂；(组织、国家的)解体Shehadabevyofoutstandingqualities,butherinabilitytoacceptadifferentopinionultimatelyledtoabreakup.她拥有很多突出的优点，但是她不能接受与她不同的观点，这一点最终导致了我们的分手。Thebreakdownintalksrepresentsatemporarysetbackinthepeaceprocess.谈判破裂意味着和平进程暂时受阻。Itdidn'tcomeasashocktolearnthatthefuelandcoolingsystemsarethemostcommoncausesofbreakdown.不足为怪的是，燃料和冷却系统是故障的最常见原因。Talkswithbusinessleadersbrokedownlastnight.与商界领导人的谈判于昨晚失败了。Theanalysisshowsthatplastics,particularlythosethatbreakdownfast,arecontributingtotheclimatechange.分析表明，塑料正在导致气候变化，尤其是那些快速分解的塑料。Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.这两个国家将举行会议，旨在打破它们之间的一些贸易壁垒。Civilwarcouldcomeifthecountrybreaksup.如果国家分裂,内战就会来临。Policeusedteargastobreakupademonstration.警察使用了催泪瓦斯来驱散示威活动。They(Theymicroplastics)comefromthedisposalandbreakdownofman-madeplasticproductsandindustrialwaste.它们（塑料微粒）来自人造塑料制品和工业废料的处理和分解。【链接高考】（2020天津卷）Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.历史有可能打破这些界限，为我们提供对整个世界的洞察力，否则对我们来说是陌生的。（2017全国卷I）Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.当容器装满时，你可以通过管子把茶点吸出来，而不必每次需要喝水时都把蒸馏器打开。（2012浙江卷）Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.两个朋友因为一场争吵而永远地断送了他们的友谊，尽管谁也不记得整件事是怎么开始的。21.regular/ˈreɡjələ(r)/adj.频繁的；有规律的(17)【原句背诵】Thekeytokeepingthepeaceisregularandhonestcommunication.【拓展】（1）regularbreathing均匀的呼吸aregularpulse/heartbeat正常的脉搏╱心跳regularmeetings/visits例行会议╱访问aregularcustomer老主顾aregularvisitor常客【熟词生义】regular作名词用时，意思是“常客；正式队员；中坚分子”。He'soneofourregulars.他是我们的一位老主顾。（2）regularlyadv.定期地；有规律地；整齐地；匀称地regularityn.规则性；整齐；正规；匀称regularizationn.规则化；调整；合法化regularizevt.调整；使有秩序；使合法化Alightflashedatregularintervals.一盏灯有规律地闪着亮光。Thereisaregularbusservicetotheairport.有班车定时发往机场。Theequipmentischeckedonaregularbasis.设备定期进行检查。ShehasbecomearegularvisitortoHoughtonHall.她已成为霍顿超市的一名常客。Thebattery-poweredvehicle,whichmovesataregularwalkingpace,hasbeenprogrammedtoavoidpedestrians,animals,andunexpectedobstacles,suchasgarbagecans.这款电动汽车以正常的步行速度行驶，由电脑控制可以避开行人、动物和垃圾桶等意外障碍物。【链接高考】（2020全国卷III）Shewas49(displeasedwith)absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather50(surprised)thatshebecamea“regular”.她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。（2015全国卷I）There’sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasreligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.拉肖普咖啡馆的常客莫里斯·弗里施(MauriceFrisch)在附近的一座教堂担任宗教指导员，他说巴黎对沟通的需求非常强烈。（2014湖北卷）Thesidesofthebuildingaren’tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.这幢楼的四边不整齐。所以这个建筑有一个不寻常的形状。它看起来像一块很薄很锋利的碎玻璃。22.calm/kɑːm/vt.使平静，使镇静adj.镇静的，沉着的(17)23.calmdown平静，镇静，安静(17)24.view/vjuː/n.看法；视线；景色vt.把…视为；观看(17)25.fromone’spointofview从某人的角度、观点出发(17)【原句背诵】Whenyoudisagreewithyourparents,takeaminutetocalmdownandtrytounderstandthesituationfromtheirpointofview.【拓展】（1）keep/stay/remaincalm保持冷静；面不改色calmlyadv.冷静地calmnessn.冷静（2）tohavedifferent/conflicting/opposingviews有不同的╱矛盾的╱相反的观点inone’sview/opinion在某人看来inview在视野范围内；看得见；被考虑inviewof鉴于；考虑到；由于asea/mountainview海╱山景viewsb./sthg.assthg.把…视为；以…看待viewsb./sthg.withsthg.把…视为；以…看待viewern.观察者；观众；观察器Itisimportanttokeepcalminanemergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。Thecityiscalmagain(=freefromtroubleandfighting)afteryesterday'sriots.昨天的骚乱过后，城里又恢复了平静。Wewaitedinsideuntilthingscalmeddown.我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。Hetookafewdeepbreathstocalmhimselfdown.他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来Hisviewsonthesubjectwerewellknown.他对这个问题的看法众所周知。Thisevidencesupportstheviewthatthereistoomuchviolenceontelevision.这一证据对电视节目中暴力太多的观点予以支持。Wetaketheviewthatitwouldbewrongtointerfere.我们所持的态度是：干涉是错误的。Thereweremagnificentviewsofthesurroundingcountryside.四周乡间的景色壮观秀丽。Inviewoftheweather,theeventwillnowbeheldindoors.由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。Whenthecarwasfirstbuilt,thedesignwasviewedashighlyoriginal.这种车刚造出时，其设计被认为是独具匠心。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Ifoundmyselfcompletelyaboveit(therise)andlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesunsettinginthewest.我发现自己站在山丘上面，欣赏着斯基多山夕阳西下的美景。（2020江苏卷）Success36(depends)fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe37(events)inourlives.成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。（2020江苏卷）Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.在寻找发现故事的过程中，我发现了这些人的故事以及他们的生活如何改变了我们对世界的看法。26.thinksththrough充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透(17)27.concern/kənˈsɜːn/n.担心，忧虑；关心vt.涉及；让（某人）担忧(17)【原句背诵】Afteryouhavethoughtitthrough,explainyouractionsandfeelingscalmly,listencarefully,andaddresstheirconcerns.【拓展】（1）thinksomethingofoneself自命不凡,自以为了不起[亦作thinkoneselfsomething]thinkof记起，想起；考虑；想像；关心thinkof…as…把……看作；认为……thinkabout考虑thinktooneself盘算；自思自忖thinkso如此想法thinkforoneself独立思考thinktwiceabout(doing)sthg.再三考虑；重新考虑thinkover仔细考虑；重新考虑thinkitover仔细考虑一下；好好想想thinkoneselfas自认为是thinkhighly/much/alotof高度评价，尊重thinkpoorly/notmuch/littleof评价差（不好）thinkback回想thinkup想出；发明；虚构（2）concernoneself从事,忙于(常与with,about,in,over连用)关心，关注，关切，挂念，担心，忧虑concernabout对……表示担心/忧虑；使（自己）关心……concernoneselfin干预；从事（参与；从事参与）；干涉publicconcern公众关注primaryconcern主要关心的事withconcern关切地showone’sconcernfor对……表示关心或忧虑ofnoconcern无关紧要，没有意义issueofcommonconcern共同关心的问题asfarasoneconcerns就……而言【误区】concerning常用作介词，意思是“关于；涉及”。Onceyouhavecomeupwithagreatidea,takealittletimetothinkitthrough.一旦你提出了一个很好的方案，先要花些时间去好好考虑下。Don'tyoueverthinkaboutotherpeople?难道你就从来没有考虑过别人？Youshouldthinktwiceaboutemployingsomeoneyou'venevermet.雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。IkeepthinkingbacktothedayIarrivedhere.我不断回想起刚到这儿那一天的情景。Cananybodythinkofawaytoraisemoney?谁能想出个集资的办法？Sheisthoughtofasapossibledirector.人们认为她有可能成为董事Sheisthoughtofasapossibledirector.人们认为她有可能成为董事Can'tyouthinkupabetterexcusethanthat?难道你就想不出一个比这更好的借口？ThebookisprimarilyconcernedwithSoviet-AmericanrelationsduringtheColdWar.这部书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。Whatconcernsmeisourlackofpreparationforthechange.让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。Hedidn'tconcernhimselfwiththedetails.他对细节不感兴趣。Themovefollowsgrowingpublicconcernoverthespreadofthedisease.该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。Allcasesconcerningchildrenaredealtwithinaspecialchildren’scourt.所有涉及儿童的案件均由儿童特别法庭审理。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?选择住在客栈的旅客最关心的是什么?（2020天津卷）Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.我想起一个朋友，她不能通过插花来满足自己。（2020全国卷II）ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.路易斯安那州的科学家对此非常担心，他们决定支付猎人每条尾巴5美元。(2020全国卷III)It’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。(2020全国卷III)Mymomisreallyconcerningwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.（Key：把concerning改为concerned；把families改为family）28.backdown承认错误，认输(17)【原句背诵】Throughthiskindofhealthydiscussion,youwilllearnwhentobackdownandwhentoaskyourparentstorelaxtheircontrol.【拓展】backon背靠backinto倒车撞上（某物）backupv.支持，援助；（资料）备份；倒退backout退出；收回backoff后退；软化；减轻；卸下backandforth反复地，来回地atthebackof在…背后，支持；在……的后面；在……的后部inthebackof在……后面；在……之后onone'sback卧病在床backtoback背靠背；连续，紧接Wecouldseethatshewouldbackdownifwestoodfirm.我们可以看出，如果我们坚定不移，她就会让步。Sherefusedtobackdownonapointofprinciple.她在原则问题上拒绝让步。Astheriotpoliceapproached,thecrowdbackedoff.防暴警察靠近，人群就往后退却。Helostconfidenceandbackedoutofthedealatthelastminute.他失去了信心，在最后一刻退出了协议。Thewriterdoesn'tbackuphisopinionswithexamples.作者不用实例印证他的看法。Thehousehasthreebedroomsatthefrontandtwoattheback.房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。29.normal/ˈnɔːml/adj.正常的，一般的n.常态，通常标准(17)30.stress/stres/n.精神压力，紧张；强调vt.强调，着重(17)【原句背诵】Justrememberthatitiscompletelynormaltostrugglewiththestressthatparent-childtensionscreate,andthatyouandyourparentscanworktogethertoimproveyourrelationship.【拓展】（1）normaluniversity师范大学normaloperation正常运行，常规操作normaltemperature正常体温；标准温度normalpressure正常压力；标准气压normalrunning正常运转；机组运行正常normalstate正规状态；[核子]基态（等于groundstate）normalcondition正常状态normalvalue正常价值；标准值normallevel正常水平；正常能级normalphenomenon正常现象returntonormal恢复正常above/belownormal通常标准之上╱之下normallyadv.正常地；通常地【误区】normal的反义词是abnormal。（2）understress在受力时；在压力之下lay/placestress/emphasison注意，重视；把重点放在tosufferfromstress有精神压力cope/dealwithstress应对压力stress-relatedillnesses与精神压力有关的疾病emotional/mentalstress感情╱思想负担【考点】关注stress作动词的用法，意思是“强调；使紧张；加压力于”，尤其是注意作“强调”时的用法。Thespokesmanstressedthatthemeasuresdidnotamounttoanoverallban.发言人强调说，这些措施并不等于全面禁止。China’sleadershavestressedtheneedforincreasedco-operationbetweenThirdWorldcountries.中国领导人已经强调了增进第三世界国家之间合作的需要。Undernormalcircumstances,Iwouldsay“yes”.一般情况下，我会说“行”。Heshouldbeabletoleadaperfectlynormallife.他应该能够过上完全正常的生活。InthenormalcourseofeventsIwouldn'tgotothatpartoftown.通常我是不会到那个城区去的。Weareopenduringnormalofficehours.在正常上班时间内，我们都开放。Herheightandweightarenormalforherage.她的身高和体重对于她的年龄来说是正常的。Statisticsindicatethatdepressedpatientsaremorelikelytobecomeillthanarenormalpeople.统计表明抑郁的患者比正常人更可能得病。Thingssoonreturnedtonormal.情况很快恢复了正常。Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunderstress.人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。Shefailedtowithstandthestressesandstrainsofpubliclife.她承受不了作为一个公众人物的生活压力和紧张。Stressisoftenafactorinthedevelopmentoflong-termsickness.心理压力常常是形成长期病的一个因素。Shelaysgreatstressonpunctuality.她十分注重守时。Ithinkthecompanyplacestoomuchstressoncostandnotenoughonquality.我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。Hestressedtheimportanceofagoodeducation.他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。ImuststressthateverythingI’vetoldyouisstrictlyconfidential.我必须强调，我告诉你的一切都要严加保密。Itmustbestressedthatthisdiseaseisveryrare.必须着重指出，这种病非常罕见。【链接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.不过，这个地方并不完全可靠。不像正常的巴黎的公寓，这里的管道可以使用。（2020山东卷）Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.参与者照做了，吃了比平时更多的食物。（2020全国卷I）Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.但这项运动的奇怪形式确实会对脚踝和臀部造成相当大的压力，所以有过此类伤害史的人在接受这项运动时可能会谨慎小心。（2020浙江卷）“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,”Padilla-Walkersaid.帕迪拉-沃克说:“很少有研究强调父亲的独特作用。”（2020全国第一次大联考）Thisresearchstressesthatweignoredtheenergyreductionfromusingoursmartphones,andthatwewereover-confidentaboutwhatourbrainscanhandle.这项研究强调，我们忽略了使用智能手机带来的能源减少，我们对大脑的处理能力过于自信。31.skin/skɪn/n.皮肤；（兽）皮，毛皮(19)【原句背诵】Heis(2)concernedabouthisskinbecauseithasstartedtobecomeveryoily,withlotsofredspots.【拓展】dark-skinned深色皮肤的fair-skinned白皙皮肤的theouterskinoftheearth地壳themetalskinoftheaircraft飞机的金属外壳Removetheskinsbysoakingthetomatoesinhotwater.把西红柿放在热水里烫一下去皮。Askinhadformedonthetopofthemilk.奶上结了一层奶皮。【链接高考】（2014上海卷内）Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality（虚拟现实）device.多亏了一种不寻常的虚拟现实设备，少数人体验过进入另一个人的世界是什么感觉。（2012江苏卷）ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.但人体组织也很容易吸收紫外线和可见光，这意味着药物释放只能在皮肤附近触发，在那里光线可以到达胶囊。32.design/dɪˈzaɪn/vt.设计；制订n.设计；设计艺术(20)【原句背诵】So,wehavedesignedTeenHealthWebtohelpyoualongthejourneytoadulthood.【拓展】designsthg.forsb./sthg.为……设计……todesignacar/adress/anoffice设计汽车╱连衣裙╱办公室abadlydesignedkitchen设计很糟糕的厨房specialnewdesignfeatures特别的新型设计风格thedesignanddevelopmentofnewproducts新产品的设计和开发designsforaircraft飞机的设计图样newandoriginaldesigns别具一格的新型设计方案bydesign故意地；有意地Theyaskedmetodesignaposterforthecampaign.他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。Themethodisspecificallydesignedforuseinsmallgroups.这方法是专为小组活动设计的。Theprogrammeisdesignedtohelppeoplewhohavebeenoutofworkforalongtime.这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。Thebasicdesignofthecarisverysimilartothatofearliermodels.这种汽车的基本设计与早期的样式非常相似。Itwashardtoknowwhetherithappe