全国高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试卷

绝密★启用前2021届全国高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试卷(天津专用)第一模拟（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：130分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．Itiseverybody’sdesirethateveryeffort_______toreducethepollutioninourcity.A．wasmade B．bemade C．willbemade D．wouldbemade2．Chris________gototheoperaonSundaybecauseheisgoingtohaveameeting.A．can’t B．might C．mustn’t D．should3．Hisgrandfatheris________old________lifttheheavybox.A．too…to B．enough…to C．so…to D．as…as4．Theyoungman,________severalattemptstobeattheworldrecordinjumping,decidedtohaveanothertry.A．made B．tomake C．havingmade D．making5．Christriedtogethiswork________intheliteraturecircles.A．torecognize B．recognizing C．recognize D．recognized6．Iwouldliketoliveinacountry________itoftensnowsinwinter.A．that B．which C．when D．where7．Whatdoyouthinkoftheparty________lastnight?A．holding B．tobeheld C．hold D．held8．Bytheendoflasttermwe________thebook.A．finished B．hadfinished C．finish D．havefinished9．Itremainstobeseen________thenewschoolrulescanbeputintopractice.A．that B．which C．what D．whether10．Accordingtotheinformation________Tuesdaymorning,thefirehadclaimedfivepeople'slives.A．update B．updates C．updated D．updating11．TheUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A．that B．which C．who D．whose12．Theraincamesosuddenlythat________Icouldfinda________tohide,ithadbegunpouring．A．after,reserve B．before,reserveC．after,shelter D．before,shelter13．Inthisgameyouwereaskedtoworktogetherasateamandsolveproblemsasthey________.A．rose B．arose C．raised D．arise14．Hisspeech________theaudience.A．madeastrongimpressionin B．madeastrongimpressiveonC．madeastrongimpressionon D．madeastrongimpresson15．—Whatamess!You'realwayslazy!—Iamnottoblame,Mum.I'm________youhavemademe.A．because B．why C．what D．that第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FourstudentsfromaGermanhighschoolchoirwrotealettertoPengLiyuan."Singing16songswasthehappiestpartofthedaywhenwestudiedathome,"theysaid.Theletter,writteninChinese,wasinreplytoaletterfromPengonFeb9thtothestudentsandteachersatBurgGymnasium,17themtocontributetopromotingthe18ofChinaandGermany.Thestudentssaidtheyhave19Peng'slettermanytimesandarevery20.“Wefeelsoproudafterknowingthatyoueven21ourvideo,“theywroteintheletter,22avideoclipinwhichstudents23aChinesesong.SimoneReuen,theprincipalofBurgGymnasium,saidinherlettertoPengthatshewas24happythattheschoolhadreceivedsomuch25.“Yourletterisagreatpraise,acknowledgementand26tonotonlyourschoolbutalsothe27ofourschool'sChinesechoir；"Reuenwrote.Reuensaidthatshebelievedthattheirsongshaveplayeda28butveryimportantroleinthe29andmutual（相互的）learningbetweenpeopleinGermanyandChina.Shesaidshewas30ofthestudentsfor31thedistancesbetweenthetwopeoples.ThestudentsandteachersattheschoolaskedtheChinese32inGermanytoforwardthe33letterstoPeng,togetherwithworksofcalligraphyandother34madebythestudents.BurgGymnasiumhasbeen35Chineselanguagecoursessince1994.InMarch2014,PengvisitedtheschoolandjoinedaChineseclassthereduringXi'sstatevisittoGermany.16．A．English B．German C．Chinese D．American17．A．appointing B．encouraging C．requiring D．promising18．A．friendship B．education C．tourism D．economy19．A．received B．imitated C．explained D．read20．A．anxious B．curious C．excited D．tired21．A．watched B．promoted C．observed D．studied22．A．engagingin B．relyingon C．referringto D．addingto23．A．wrote B．sang C．recited D．translated24．A．extremely B．approximately C．gradually D．constantly25．A．permission B．admission C．treatment D．recognition26．A．donation B．inspiration C．award D．possession27．A．labor B．experiment C．experience D．work28．A．slight B．heavy C．great D．critical29．A．entertainment B．negotiations C．exchanges D．petition30．A．afraid B．proud C．fond D．ashamed31．A．strengthening B．deleting C．widening D．shortening32．A．embassy B．club C．association D．munity33．A．plaint B．gratitude C．invitation D．application34．A．foods B．remarks C．reports D．gifts35．A．evaluating B．offeringC．controllingD．expecting第二部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题分，满分50分)AWhileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.◆TryphysicalactivityWhenyouarenervous,angryorupset,tryreleasingthepressurethroughexerciseorphysicalactivity.Running,walking,playingtennis,andworkinginyourgardenarejustsomeoftheactivitiesyoumighttry.◆TakecareofyourselfYoushouldmakeeveryefforttoeatwellandgetenoughrest.Ifyoueasilygetangryandcan’tsleepwellenough,orifyou’renoteatingproperly,itwillbemorelikelythatyouwillfallintostressfulsituations.Ifstressrepeatedlykeepsyoufromsleeping,youshouldconsultadoctor.◆MaketimeforyourselfScheduletimeforbothworkandentertainment.Don'tforget,playcanbejustasimportanttoyouroverallwellbeingaswork.Youneedabreakfromyourdailyroutinetojustrelaxandhavefun.Gowindowshoppingorworkonahobby.Allowyourselfatleastahalfhoureachdaytodosomethingyouenjoy.◆MakealistofthingstodoStresscanresultfromdisorganizationandafeelingthat“there’ssomuchtodo,andnotenoughtime”.Tryingtotakecareofeverythingatoncecanbetoomuchforyouandasaresult,youmaynotachieveanything.Instead,makealistofeverythingyouhavetodo,thendoonethingatatime,checkingoffeachtaskasitispleted.Setouttodothemostimportanttaskfirst.36．Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsthatyouhavefallenintostressfulsituations?A．Youcan’tsleepwellallthetime. B．Youhaveabreakafterwork.C．Youalwaysfeelhappyandrelaxed. D．Youonlydoonethingatatime.37．Accordingtothepassage,howdoyoumakealistofthingstodo?A．Trytotakecareofeverythingatonce.B．Doonethingatatime.C．Onlydothemostimportantthing.D．Haveabreakfromyourwork.38．Whydoesthewriterwritethispassage?A．Togiveopinion. B．Togivesuggestions.C．Tomakearequest. D．Toaskforadvice.39．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoDealwithStress? B．HowtoMakeTimeforYourself?C．HowtoTakeCareofYourself? D．HowtoMakeaListofThingstoDo?40．Whichofthefollowingwouldbetheadvicetodealwithstressaccordingtothepassage?A．Justlieinbedforarest. B．Alwayslistentopopmusic.C．Insistondoingwork. D．Makealisttodothingsonebyone.BBrushingyourteethtwiceadayshouldkeepthedentistaway.Butifagroupofscientificresearchershavetheirwish,itwillmaketherestofyourbodyhealthytoo.AtoothbrushthatchecksbloodsugarandbacteriawhileyoubrushiscurrentlyindevelopmentintheUSA．Itisoneofmanygadgets（小器械）proposedbyengineersanddoctorsattheCenterforFutureHealthinNewYork.Thegadgetsseemfanciful,butthebasicprinciplesaresimple.Thegadgetsshouldmakeiteasyforpeopletodetectillnesslongbeforeitstrikesandsoseektreatmentfarearlierthannormal.Insteadofrelyingonhitechhospitals,theemphasis（重点）isshiftedtothehomeandeasytousegadgets.Inthelongrun,thetechnologymayevenpreventillnessbyencouragingustoleadhealthierlives.Intelligentbandagesareagoodexample.Powerfulsensorswithinthebandagecouldquicklyidentifytinyamountsofbacteriainawoundanddeterminewhatmedicinewouldworkbest.Thecutcouldthenbetreatedinstantly.Thebiggestdevelopmentismelanoma（黑色素瘤）monitordesignedtogiveearlywarningsofcancer.Itcouldbeusedtotakeapictureofyourbodyeachweek,andthenpareittopreviousimages.Ifaproblemisfound,thesystemwouldadviseyoutogetacheckup.Ifallthissoundsworrying,thenhelpisathand.Expertsarealsoworkingona“digitaldoctor”,pletewithafortingbedsidemanner.AstandardputerwouldbeabletounderstandyourvoiceandanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptomsinplainEnglishandinawaywhichcouldcalmyournerves.Stressisnosweateither.Aportablemunicationaidcouldrecognizecertainphrasesandtonesandletyouknowwhenyouareabouttoloseyourtemper.Thesoftwarewouldalsosuggestwaysofkeepingyourcool.Researchersarestillstruggling,however,withmakingthetechnologycheapandsimpleenoughforthehouseholduser.Thatisgoingtobethedifficultpart.41．ThegadgetsmentionedinParagraph1________.A．areusedonlyinhospitalsB．aretooplicatedtooperateC．helppeoplerecoverfromillnessD．candetectdiseaseassoonaspossible42．Amelanomamonitorcanbenefit________.A．thosedealingwithstress B．potentialcancerpatientsC．peoplesufferingawound D．peoplewho’vegottoothache43．Theunderlinedpart“keepingyourcool”inParagraph6canbereplacedby“________”.A．stayingcalm B．stoppingsweatingC．keepinghandsome D．expressinginwords44．Itisdifficultforscientiststo________.A．persuadepeopletousethegadgets B．designinventionstopreventillnessC．collectenoughmoneyfortheirwork D．makethegadgetsaffordableandhandy45．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ADoctorintheHouse B．HospitalsintheFutureC．TipsforBrushingyourTeeth D．TheHistoryofMedicalEquipmentCImaginetakingtotheskies,spreadingyourarmsoutandsoaring（翱翔）throughtheclouds.Flyingisindeedpossibleinyourdreams.Butnoonecancontrolwhathappensindreams,right?Wrong.Dreamsinwhichyouareawarethatyouaredreamingandcancontrolwhathappensarecalledluciddreams（清醒梦）.Thesedreamsaremostmonduringthestageofsleepknownasrapideyemovement（REM）sleep.Luciddreaminghasbeenreferencedthroughouthistory.It’smentionedinGreekphilosopherAristotle’swriting,aswellasinEgyptianhieroglyphics（象形文字）andintheoraltraditionsofAustralianaborigines.However,itwasn’tuntil1975thatBritishpsychologistKeithHearnewascreditedasthefirstpersontoproducescientificproofthatluciddreamsoccur.Sincethen,wehavelearnedmuchmoreaboutthisphenomenon.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalConsciousnessandCognition,55percentofpeoplehavehadaluciddreamatleastonceintheirlifetime,while23percentexperienceluciddreamsonceamonthormore.Thoughthesenumbersshowthatthemajorityofpeopledon’thaveluciddreamsregularly,scientistsaredevelopingnewtechnologyforthosewhowanttohavethisexperience.Forexample,CurzioVasapolloinventedadevicecalledZMax,aheadbandthatcanmonitoreyemovements,bodymovementsandheartratetohelppeoplehavealuciddream.Butwhywouldsomeonewanttohaveluciddreams?Asitturnsout,luciddreamingcanhavemanybenefits.AlixGenerous,ayoungwomansufferingfromautism（自闭症）,saidinherTEDtalk：“Iloveluciddreamingbecauseitallowsmetobefree，withoutjudgmentofsocialandphysicalconsequences.”Also,learninghowtohaveluciddreamsmayhelpthosewhosufferfromnightmares.Throughbeingabletocontroltheiractions,theymaybeabletooverethecauseoftheirfear.Luciddreamsmayencouragecreativityaswell.AccordingtothewebsiteNotesRead,thosewhoexperiencethisdreamstatewillfindaccessto“anunbelievablefundofknowledgeandinspiration”.Forexample,BritishAmericanfilmmakerChristopherNolantookinspirationfromhisownluciddreamswhenhewrotethe2010scifimovieInception.Maybeoneday,everyonecanindulgein（沉浸在）luciddreams.46．Whatcanweknowaboutluciddreaming?A．It’slikelytocausenightmares.B．Mostpeopleexperienceluciddreams.C．ItusuallyhappensduringREMsleep.D．Wecansleepwalkwhenluciddreaming.47．Fromwhichsourcecanyoufindscientificproofofluciddreaming?A．Aristotle’swriting. B．Egyptianhieroglyphics.C．KeithHearne’sresearch. D．Australianaborigines’oraltraditions.48．AdevicecalledZMaxwasinventedtohelppeoplewhowant________.A．topreventnightmares B．todosomeliterarywritingC．toexperiencealuciddream D．tohavesweetdreamsregularly49．Howdoesluciddreamingbenefitpeople?A．Itcanbeasourceofcreativity. B．Itisaneffectivecureforautism.C．Ithelpspeopleadjusttheirheartrate. D．Itenablespeopletobeeconfident.50．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Todemonstratenewtechnologiestotreatsleepdisorder.B．Togiveageneralintroductionofluciddreaming.C．Todescribeanexperimentaboutluciddreaming.D．Topresentawaytodealwithluciddreaming.DScientistsattheDepartmentofEnergy’sLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhaveinjusttwoyearsnearlydoubledthenumberofmaterialsknowntohavepotentialforuseinsolarfuels.Theydidsobydevelopingaprocessthatpromisestospeedthediscoveryofmerciallyviable(商业可行性)generationofsolarfuelsthatcouldreplacecoal,oil,andotherfossilfuels.Solarfuels,adreamofcleanenergyresearch,arecreatedusingonlysunlight,water,andcarbondioxide.Researchersareexploringarangeofpossibletargetfuels,butonepossibilityistoproducehydrogenbysplittingwater.Eachwatermolecule(分子)consistsofoneoxygenatomandtwohydrogenatoms.Thehydrogenatomsareextracted,andthencanbereunitedtocreatehighlyflammablehydrogengasorbinedwithCO2tocreatehydrocarbonfuels,creatingaplentifulandrenewableenergysource.Theproblem,however,isthatwatermoleculesdonotsimplybreakdownwhensunlightshinesonthemiftheydid,theoceanswouldnotcovermostoftheplanet.Theyneedalittlehelpfromasolarpoweredcatalyst(催化剂).Tocreatepracticalsolarfuels,scientistshavebeentryingtodeveloplowcostandefficientmaterialsthatperformthenecessarychemistryusingonlyvisiblelightasanenergysource.AnewmethodwasdevelopedthroughapartnershipbetweentheJoint“Whatisparticularlysignificantaboutthisstudy,whichbinesexperimentandtheory,isthatinadditiontoidentifyingseveralnewpoundsforsolarfuelapplications,wecanalsolearnsomethingnewaboutthebasicelectronicstructureofthematerialsthemselves.”saysNeaton,thedirectoroftheMolecularFoundry.51．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?A．Somescientistspromisetospeedthediscoveryofmerciallyviablegenerationofsolarfuels.B．Somescientistshavefoundtwiceasmuchsolarfuel.C．Somescientistsfoundnewmaterialsinsolarfuelsthatcouldreplacetraditionalfuels.D．Somescientistshaveusedtwotypesofsolarfuelinjusttwoyears.52．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwedotocreateaplentifulandrenewableenergysource?A．Useonlysunlight,water,andcarbondioxide.B．Extracthydrogenatomsfromwatermolecule.C．Createhydrocarbonfuelsfromwatermolecule.D．Explorepossibletargetfuels.53．Asolarpoweredcatalystcanbeusedfor________.A．creatinganewenergysource.B．breakingdownwatermolecules.C．creatinghighlyflammablehydrogengas.D．reunitinghydrogenatomsextractedfromwatermolecule.54．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thestudywillidentifysomesolarfuels.B．Scientistscanlearnaboutthebasicelectronicstructureofthenewpounds.C．Thestudyinvolvesnewtheoryandrelativeexperiment.D．Themostimportanceofthestudyistofindsomesolarfuelapplications.55．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Newmaterialscouldturnwaterintothefuelofthefuture.B．Anewmethodwasdevelopedtocreatearenewablefuel.C．Aprogramthataimstosplitwaterandcreateacleanenergyresearch.D．Solarfuelsareadreamofcleanenergy.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。BethanyHamiltonhasbeeasourceofinspirationformillionsthroughherstoryoffaith,determinationandhope.AndnowherstoryhasbeeamajormoviewhichisentitledSoulSurfer.BornintoafamilyofsurfersonFebruary8,1990,ontheislandofKauaiHawaii,Bethanybegansurfingatayoungage.Attheageofeight,Bethanyenteredherfirstsurfpetitionwinningboththeshortandlongboarddivisionsandsparkingaloveforsurfpetitionwithinherspirit.OnOctober31,2003,attheageof13.Bethanywasattackedbya14foottigersharkwhilesurfingjustofftheshoreofHawaii.Bethanysaid,“Itcameoutoftheblue.Ihadnowarningatall;noteventheslightestsignofdangeronthehorizon.Thewavesweresmallandinconsistent,andIwasjustkindofrollingalongwiththem,relaxingonmyboardwithmyleftarmdangling(“That'sallittook:asplitsecond.Ifeltalotofpressureandacoupleoflightningfasttugs(猛拽).ThenIwatchedinshockasthewateraroundmeturnedbrightred.Somehow,Istayedcalm.Myleftarmwasgonealongwithahugepieceofmysurfboard...”Herfriendshadtogethertothebeachwhichtook20minutesofpaddling.Afterlosingmorethan40percentofherbloodandmakingitthroughseveralsurgeries,Bethanywaswellonherwaytorecoveryduetoanunbelievablypositiveattitude.InJanuary2004,Bethanymadeherreturntosurfpetitionandwithnointentionofstopping,Bethanycontinuedtoenterandshineinpetitions.Initially,sheadoptedacustommadeboardthatwaslongerandslightlythickerthanstandardandhadahandleforherrightarm,makingiteasiertopaddle,andshelearnedtokickmoretomakeupforthelossofherleftarm.Justoverayearaftertheattack,shetookfirstplacewinningherfirstNationalTitle.Nowshepeteswiththeworld'sbestandtravelstheglobe.56．WhatwasBethanyHamilton'sdreamwhenshewasyoung?(Nomorethan10words)___________________________________________________________________________________________57．WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?(Nomorethan5words)___________________________________________________________________________________________58．Accordingtothepassage,howdidBethanymakearecovery?(Nomorethan10words)___________________________________________________________________________________________59．HowdidBethanysurfwhenshestartedsurfingagain?(Nomorethan15words)___________________________________________________________________________________________60．PleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbyBethanyHamilton.(Nomorethan20words)___________________________________________________________________________________________第二节书面表达(满分25分)61．假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津，你的英国朋友Chris发来电子邮件很想了解有关你校高三学生体育活动的情况，请你回一封电子邮件进行介绍，内容包括:(1)你校高三体育课以及课间活动安排情况；(2)你最喜欢的一项体育活动；(3)简要说明体育活动对高三学生的意义。注意:(1)词数不少于100；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。DearChris,I’mgladtohavereceivedyouremailaskingaboutourPEclassesandsportsactivities.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiJin【答案】【答案】1．B【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：尽一切努力减少我们城市的污染是每个人的愿望。A.wasmade被做出（一般过去时被动语态）；B.bemade被做出（虚拟语气）；C.willbemade将被做（一般将来时被动语态）；D.wouldbemade将被作（过去将来时被动语态）。分析句子该空是desire的同位语从句的谓语动词，主语是effort，应使用被动语态；名词desire的同位语从句应使用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可省略。故选B项。2．A【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：克里斯星期天不能去看歌剧了，因为他要开会。A.can’t不能；B.might也许；C.mustn’t禁止；D.should应该。根据“becauseheisgoingtohaveameeting.”可知，克里斯不能去看歌剧。故选A。3．A【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他的爷爷太老了搬不动重箱子。A.too…to太……而不能；B.enough…to足够做；C.so...to无此用法；D.as…as和……一样。根据句意及常识可知，此处表示否定。故选A。4．C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个年轻人尝试了几次，想打破跳远世界纪录，决定再试一次。句中逻辑主语Theyoungman与make之间为主动关系，且从句的动作发生在主句动作decidedto之前，所以用havingdone。故选C。5．D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：克里斯努力让他的作品在文学界得到认可。句中动词get后宾语hiswork与recognize之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选D。6．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢住在冬天经常下雪的国家。句中先行词为country，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选D。7．D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你认为昨晚举办的派对怎么样？设空处在句中修饰party，根据句意可知，两者为被动关系，且动作已经发生，所以应该用过去分词形式，表示被举办，故选D。8．B【详解】考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经读完了这本书。分析可知，设空处缺少一个谓语动词，再根据“Bytheendoflastterm”，表示到上学期末，所以设空处应该是“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时态，had+动词的过去分词，所以hadfinished符合题意，表示读完了这本书，故选B。9．D【详解】考查主语从句。句意：新校规能否付诸实施还有待观察。A.that(无意义)；B.which哪一个，哪一些；C.what……的人或事物；D.whether是否。分析句子可知，It为形式主语；空格处引导主语从句，引导词whether“是否”引导从句，符合句意，在从句中不充当任何成分。故选D项。10．C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：据周二上午更新的消息，火灾已造成5人死亡。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词information，动词update与其逻辑主语information之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。11．D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。句中先行词theWorldFoodProgramme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purpose的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故选D。12．D【详解】考查时间状语从句及名词词义辨析。句意：雨下得太突然了，我还没找到避雨的地方，雨就下起来了。根据语境可知此处指还没来得及找遮蔽物就下雨了，before引导时间状语从句，意为：在……之前；还没来得及；……之后，故第一个空填before。第二空前是冠词a，故空格填名词，由常识可知下雨时要避雨，故要找遮蔽物，shelter，名词，意为：庇护；避难所；遮盖物。after：在……之后；reserve：储备（量）；自然保护区。故选D。13．B【详解】考查动词词义辨析和时态。句意：在这款游戏中，你需要作为一个团队一起工作，解决出现的问题。arise（问题、困难等）出现，不及物动词；rise（数字等）增加，上升，不及物动词；raise提高，举起，筹集，及物动词。根据上文“youwereasked”可知应用一般过去时，且此处指出现的问题，应用arose。故选B。14．C【详解】考查短语。句意：他的演讲给观众留下了深刻的印象。分析可知，本题考查固定短语makeastrongimpressiononsb.“给某人留下深刻印象”，结合语境可知陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选C。15．C【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：——真是一团糟！你总是很懒！——不应该责怪我，妈妈。是你让我成为这个样子的。分析句子可知，空处引导一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语补足语，应用连接代词what引导。故选C项。【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．D20．C21．A22．C23．B24．A25．D26．B27．D28．A29．C30．B31．D32．A33．B34．D35．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是德国高中合唱团的四名学生给彭丽媛写了一封信。彭丽媛收到信后观看了他们唱中文歌的视频，回复了信件并且在信中给与了他们赞扬、肯定和鼓舞。16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说:“在家学习时，唱中文歌曲是一天中最快乐的时光。”A.English英文的；B.German德文的；C.Chinese中文的；D.American美国的。根据他们用中文给彭丽媛写信可知，他们表达的是唱“中文”歌曲，故选C项。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封中文信件是对彭丽媛2月9日致柏林体育馆内师生的一封信的回复，信中鼓励他们为促进中德友谊做出贡献。A.appointing任命，指定；B.encouraging鼓励；C.requiring要求；D.promising承诺。根据前文提到他们喜欢中文，唱中文歌，结合第二段内容可知他们受到了鼓舞可知是“鼓励”18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这封中文信件是对彭丽媛2月9日致柏林体育馆内师生的一封信的回复，信中鼓励他们为促进中德友谊做出贡献。A.friendship友谊；B.education教育；C.tourism旅游业；D.economy经济。根据前文可知，这些学生们喜爱中文，唱中文歌曲，所以是鼓励他们促进中德“友谊”19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们表示，他们多次阅读了彭丽媛的信，非常激动。A.received收到，获得；B.imitated模仿；C.explained解释；D.read阅读。根据上一段可知，他们收到了彭丽媛的回复，且非常激动开心，由此可推知他们“读”信很多次，故选D项。20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们表示，他们多次阅读了彭丽媛的信，非常激动。A.anxious紧张，焦虑的；B.curious好奇的；C.excited激动的；D.tired劳累的。根据下一句提到“Wefeelsoproudafterknowingthatyoueven6ourvideo(知道你看了我们的视频后，我们感到非常自豪。)”以及他们对中文歌的喜爱可知，他们收到信感到很“激动”，故选C项。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在信中写道:“知道你看了我们的视频后，我们感到非常自豪。”他们在信中提到的视频片段中，学生们唱了一首中文歌曲。A.watched观看；B.promoted促进；C.observed观察；D.studied学习，研究。根据宾语video以及视频中的内容是学生唱中文歌，可知是“观看”了视频，故选A项。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在信中写道:“知道你看了我们的视频后，我们感到非常自豪。”他们在信中提到的视频片段中，学生们唱了一首中文歌曲。A.engagingin从事于，参加；B.relyingon依赖；C.referringto关于，提及；D.addingto加到。根据上一句提到彭丽媛观看了他们的视频，此处是“提及”的是随信附寄的视频，故选C项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在信中写道:“知道你看了我们的视频后，我们感到非常自豪。”他们在信中提到的视频片段中，学生们唱了一首中文歌曲。A.wrote写；B.sang唱；C.recited背诵；D.translated翻译。由宾语“aChinesesong”和“视频中”可推断是“唱”中文歌，故选B项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：该校校长西蒙·鲁恩在给彭丽媛的信中表示，她非常高兴学校得到了如此多的认可。A.extremely特别地，非常；B.approximately大约；C.gradually逐渐地；D.constantly时常。根据前文内容可知，受到认可应该是“非常”开心，故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该校校长西蒙·鲁恩在给彭丽媛的信中表示，她非常高兴学校得到了如此多的认可。A.permission允许；B.admission承认，准入；C.treatment对待，治疗；D.recognition认可，识别。根据下文““Yourletterisagreatpraise,acknowledgementand11tonotonlyourschoolbutalsothe12ofourschool'sChinesechoir；"Reuenwrote.”可知彭丽媛信中回复的内容是赞扬、肯定和鼓舞，是对他们极大的“认可”。故选D项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“您的来信不仅对我们学校，而且对我们学校中文合唱团的工作，都是极大的赞扬、肯定和鼓舞。”Reuen写道。A.donation捐赠；B.inspiration鼓舞；C.award奖励；D.possession拥有，财产。由前文学生们对彭丽媛回信的反应可知，这对他们来说不仅仅是赞扬，还是一种极大的鼓舞，故选B项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“您的来信不仅对我们学校，而且对我们学校中文合唱团的工作，都是极大的赞扬、肯定和鼓舞。”Reuen写道。A.labor劳动；B.experiment实验；C.experience体验，经历；D.work工作，作品。根据第一段“FourstudentsfromaGermanhighschoolchoirwrotealettertoPengLiyuan.(来自德国高中合唱团的四名学生给彭丽媛写了一封信。)”可知给彭丽媛写信的是合唱团的成员，彭丽媛的回复给与了合唱团“工作”的认可，故选D项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲁恩表示，她认为他们的歌曲在中德两国人民的交流互鉴中发挥了微小但非常重要的作用。A.slight轻的；B.heavy重的；C.great好的；D.critical批判的。根据butimportant可知此处应填入与important相反意义的词slight，表示“微小但重要”，故选A项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲁恩表示，她认为他们的歌曲在中德两国人民的交流互鉴中发挥了微小但非常重要的作用。A.entertainment娱乐；B.negotiations沟通，协商；C.exchanges交换，交流；D.petition竞争。根据mutual（相互的）learning可知应选择意思相近的exchanges(交流)，故选C项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，她为学生缩短了两国人民的距离而感到骄傲。A.afraid害怕的；B.proud自豪的，骄傲的；C.fond喜欢的；D.ashamed羞耻的。根据“缩短两国人民的距离”可知学生们的行为很优秀，所以应感到“自豪”，故选B项。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，她为学生缩短了两国人民的距离而感到骄傲。A.strengthening加强；B.deleting删除；C.widening扩展；D.shortening缩短。由前文提到的“唱中文歌曲”，进行交流互鉴可知是“缩短”了两国人民的距离，故选D项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校师生请中国驻德国大使馆转交彭丽媛的感谢信，以及学生们制作的书法作品和其他礼物。A.embassy大使馆；B.club俱乐部；C.association协会；D.munity社区。从德国师生转交到彭丽媛的信件，应通过中驻德大使馆，故选A项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校师生请中国驻德国大使馆转交彭丽媛的感谢信，以及学生们制作的书法作品和其他礼物。A.plaint抱怨；B.gratitude感激；C.invitation邀请；D.application应用，申请。由前文可知，师生们受到了鼓励，所以想表达“感谢”，故选B项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校师生请中国驻德国大使馆转交彭丽媛的感谢信，以及学生们制作的书法作品和其他礼物。A.foods食品；B.remarks评论，摘要；C.reports报告；D.gifts礼物。根据前面提到表达感谢，以及书法作品，与之并列也应是表达感谢的物品，如“礼物”，故选D项。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯格中学自1994年开始开设汉语课程。A.evaluating评估；B.offering提供；C.controlling控制；D.expecting期待。根据下一句“InMarch2014,PengvisitedtheschoolandjoinedaChineseclassthereduringXi'sstatevisittoGermany.(2014年3月,在习近平对德国进行国事访问，彭参观了学校并加入了一个中文课。)”可知伯格中学从1994年开始“提供（开设）”中文课程，故选B项。【答案】36．A37．B38．B39．A40．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章提到了美国卫生与公众服务部就如何应对压力提供了一些建议。36．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ifyoueasilygetangryandcan’tsleepwellenough,orifyou’renoteatingproperly，itwillbemorelikelythatyouwillfallintostressfulsituations.(如果你很容易生气，睡不好觉，或者饮食不合理，你更有可能陷入紧张的境地)”可知，如果你睡不好觉就表明了你有可能出现紧张的情况。故选A项。37．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Instead,makealistofeverythingyouhavetodo,thendoonethingatatime,checkingoffeachtaskasitispleted.Setouttodothemostimportanttaskfirst.(相反，你应该把你要做的每件事列一个清单，然后一次做一件事，每件事完成后就检查一下。首先着手做最重要的任务)”可知，把你要做的每件事列一个清单，每次只做一件事。故选B项。38．推理判断题。根据文章一段“Whileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.(虽然生活中完全没有压力是不可能的，但是当压力不可避免的时候，我们可以预防压力，同时减少它的影响。美国卫生与公众服务部就如何应对压力提供了以下建议)”可知，作者通过本文提出了一些避免压力的建议。故选B项。39．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段