高中英语人教版一轮课时提升作业二十二必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。二十二必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AJeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn’titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtomenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweatherspeakgreetingslike“Cold,isn’tit?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin“Yes,isn’tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No,actuallyit’squitemild.”or“It’sprettyhottome.”Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebeesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanunfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywilleitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyourfauxpas.

Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweatherspeakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemalebondingargument,particularlythepubargument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimeplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticizeit.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberofourfamily:onecanplainaboutthebehaviorofone’sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsiderisunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyandunashamedlypatriotic(爱国的).【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述英国人在谈论天气时是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的,谈论天气是英国人一种独有的情怀。1.WhydidtheladymentontheweathertoJeremy?A.Tobuildupfriendship.B.Tobeginacasualchat.C.Tosendseasonalgreetings.D.Toexpressdissatisfaction.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.”可知,实际上这名女性只是想与Jeremy搭一下话。不必是长时间的对话,只是互相问好。因此这位女士对Jeremy评论天气是为了开始一个随便的聊天。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fauxpas”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Improperresponse. B.Carelessattitude.C.Rudeinterruption. D.Frequentplaint.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知,天气的不可预测性确保我们始终有新的东西可以评论,或者说最重要的是要达成对天气的共识。由此可知,人们在谈论天气时,双方往往会有一致的看法。由第二段倒数二、三句可知,如果你故意违反规则,你会发现气氛变得非常紧张和尴尬。可能会有不舒服的沉默。因此说话双方就要做出选择,即下文的“他们很可能会改变话题,或者继续礼貌地谈论天气”。如果对话氛围不好的话,他们自然会忽略你的回应。因此,这说明你的回应是不合适的,即违背了人们默认的规则。即画线短语意为“不当的回应”。3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Malebondinginpubs.B.Argumentaboutweather.C.Exceptiontotheagreementrule.D.Makingfriendsbydisagreement.【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Thereis,however...aswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.”可知,有一种情况下,英国谈论天气的人不需要遵守规则,这是发生在男人小圈子里的,尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊环境中,天气上的不断的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表达友谊的一种手段。即第三段主要讲的是遵守天气对话规则的例外。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.PolitenessTipsforForeignersB.AcceptedRulesinSocialLifeC.EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversationD.HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation【解析】选D。标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“allEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.”可知,所有关于天气的对话都是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的。文章接下来具体地对该规则进行了解释,因此本文的最佳标题是“英国人天气对话的潜规则”。【知识拓展】词汇积累distinctively区别地;strikeupaconversationwith攀谈;notnecessarily未必;unpredictable不可预测的;mild温和的;deliberately故意地;tenseandawkward紧张并尴尬的;malebondingargument男人一致认同的论点;unconsciously无意识地;unashamedly不加羞耻地长难句分析Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweatherspeakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemalebondingargument,particularlythepubargument.分析:and连接两个分句,其中前半句是定语从句,先行词为situation,引导词inwhich。翻译:然而,有一种情形,在英国谈论天气的人被要求可以不遵守这个一致规则,这就是男性之间达成一致的一种看法,尤其体现在酒吧的争论上。B(2021·长沙模拟)Theroyalfamilyisfilledwithrules,andoneinparticularmightexplainwhyPrincessCharlotteisaprincess,butherkidslikelywon’tbe.WhenitestotheBritishroyalfamily,onethingisalmostalwaystrue:theyhaveaprettyconfusingsetofofficialrulesandprotocols.Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn’thavealastname.Anddon’tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.Ifyourheadisn’tswimmingyet,considerthetraditionofroyaltitles.AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince’swifemaybeconsideredaformal“princess”.ThelatterappliestoKate,whoisbothaprincessandtheDuchessofCambridgethankstohermarriagetoPrinceWilliam,theDukeofCambridge.Andtheirchildren,PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.However,whilePrinceGeorge’sfuturechildrenwillalsocarrytheirfather’sroyalstatus,anychildrenthatPrincessCharlottehaswillnotautomaticallybeconsideredprincesorprincesses.Why?Royalcustomdictatesthatroyaltitlesarepasseddownviasons,butnotdaughters.“Royaltitlesareinheritedthroughsons,soifPrincessCharlottehaschildrentheywouldnotautomaticallyinheritthetitles(hisorherroyalhighness)HRH,Prince,orPrincess,”LucyHume,associatedirectorofetiquetteexpertsDebrett’s,toldTown&Country.Ofcourse,exceptionscan(andwill!)bemade.(LearnabouteverytimetheBritishroyalfamilybroketheirownprotocol.)TheQueenhasofferedHRHstatustootherroyaloffspringinthepast,includingthechildrenofQueenElizabeth’sdaughter,Anne.AlthoughPrincessAnneandherhusband,CaptainPhillips,declined,perhapsPrincessCharlottewillbeextendedthesameofferwhenherownchildrenareborn.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗,只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为王室习俗规定王室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。5.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“protocols”inthesecondparagraph?A.Promise. B.Behavior.C.Manners. D.Connection.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。画线词和之前的rules是并列的,因此在词义上与rules(规则)接近,根据第二段中的“Forinstance,theroyalfamilydoesn’thavealastname.Anddon’tforgetthefactthatQueenElizabethcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear.”可知,王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日,这是一种“规矩”。该句是在解释rules和protocols,因此画线词的意思是“规矩”。promise承诺;behavior行为;manners规矩,风俗;connection联系。6.Whatkindofchildisregardedas“princess”?A.Thesonofaprincess.B.Thedaughterofaprince.C.Thedaughterofaprincess.D.Thewifeofaking.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AsaBritishcustom,onlythedaughterofaprinceoraprince’swifemaybeconsideredaformal’princess’.”可知,按照英国的习俗,只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。7.WhoisCharlotte’sfather?A.PrinceGeorge. B.Elizabeth.C.PrinceWilliam. D.CaptainPhillips.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“PrinceGeorgeandPrincessCharlotte,alsobearofficialroyaltitlesbecausetheirfatherisPrinceWilliam.”可知,乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔,因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。8.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Anypersoncanbreaktraditionalrules.B.Noteverypersonmustobeytraditionalrules.C.AnyBritishroyalfamilymemberhastheirowntitle.D.MaybetheBritishroyalfamilywillbreaktheirownrules.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,当然,可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代,包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份(注:HRH身份指的是王室身份中的王子或公主),但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是:也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。【知识拓展】词汇积累royal皇家的;protocol协议;yourheadisswimming头脑眩晕;bearofficialtitles携带官方头衔;dictate决定;etiquette礼仪;makeexceptions做出例外;offspring后代Ⅱ.完形填空It’d1beenclimbedbylocalandforeignmen,andlocalwomen,butaWesternfemale,who’d2unacpaniedandwantedtoclimbthemountain,wasquite3.

IexplainedthatI’dbeen4forsometime—inresearchandinphysicalstrength—andshowedthemthe5Ihadgotfromtheirgovernmentauthorizingmyclimb.IstressedthatI’dbevery6tokeeptheirlocaltraditionsandhireoneoftheirvillagersasaguide,butitseemedtodolittletoreducetheir7.

Themalevillagerstoldmethatthe“quickmud”I’dmeetwouldswallowme.Whiletheycouldn’trememberanyonethisbadactually8,theyseemedconvinceditwasareal9.Thevillagewomen,however,smiledatme,indicatingtheir10formyclimb.

Themen11relayingstoriesofunpredictabledanger.However,Iwas12becausemyaunt’swordskept13inmyears—thegreatestriskisnottakingarisk,andweshouldalways14ourdreams.

Eventually,themenagreedtoan15thatseemedtoputthemateasewithmyclimb.BesidesthelocalguideI’dhire,theyalso16metohirethreeguardswithguns,forprotection.

AsIstartedwalkingdownthedirtpathtowardthemountain,Iwas17notonlybymynewmountainsupportteam,butalsobyeveryvillagewoman.Theydancedincirclesaroundusasifin18ofavictory.

IknewIwasn’tthefirstWesternfemaletomaketheclimb.Butwiththewomenvillagers19me,Ifeltastrongsenseof20.AndIsuspectedtheyfeltthesame.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者独自来到一个偏远的非洲村庄,想要攀登附近的一座大山,男村民们都极力反对,不过女村民都表示支持。作者之所以下定决心是因为她姑姑的话一直在她耳边回响:最大的风险是不去冒险,我们要追随自己的梦想。最终,男村民们也表示同意,作者在村民们的欢呼中出发了。1.A.formally B.surelyC.especially D.fortunately【解析】选B。我是一个西方女人,作为一名外国来的女性想要爬这座山,村民们不免感到担忧,结合文章可知,这座山肯定(surely)是当地的男性和女性以及外来的男性才攀登。2.A.achieved B.wanderedC.explored D.arrived【解析】选D。结合上文aWesternfemale和空格后unacpaniedandwantedtoclimbthemountain可知,我作为一名西方女性,在无人陪伴的情况下来到(arrive)这里,并且想爬一座山。3.A.rare B.typicalC.disgusting D.ridiculous【解析】选A。rare罕见的;typical典型的;disgusting厌恶的;ridiculous荒谬的。结合空格所在句中可知,我作为一名西方的女性,在无人陪伴的情况下想要爬这座山,而以往爬山的都是本地的男性女性村民或者外来的男性,因此可以推断出,我一个西方女性独自爬这座山,这是十分罕见的。4.A.consulting B.attemptingC.preparing D.operating【解析】选C。结合空格所在句中inresearchandinphysicalstrength可知,我做了调查研究和体力方面的准备。5.A.reward B.invitationC.mand D.permit【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中Ihadgotfromtheirgovernmentauthorizingmyclimb可知,我得到了他们政府的许可,授权我攀登。6.A.generous B.pleasedC.curious D.satisfied【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中keeptheirlocaltraditionsandhireoneoftheirvillagersasaguide可知,保留他们当地的传统,并聘请他们的一名村民作为向导,这对我爬山是有利的,因此我很乐意。7.A.concerns B.thrillsC.surprises D.problems【解析】选A。结合第三段第一句可知,男村民告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”将会把我吞没。由此可以看出,即使我雇当地村民为向导,也不能减轻他们对我的担忧。8.A.ledto B.appealedtoC.happenedto D.belongedto【解析】选C。ledto导致;appealedto呼吁;恳求;happenedto发生;belongedto属于。结合上文可知,男村民们告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”会把我吞没。这里表示转折,意为然而他们记不起有谁真正发生过这么糟糕的事。9.A.bargain B.dilemmaC.challenge D.possibility【解析】选D。bargain交易;dilemma困境;challenge挑战;possibility可能性。结合空格所在句中theyseemedconvinceditwasareal可知,村民们似乎确信quickmud吞人是真的有可能。10.A.fancy B.supportC.praise D.admiration【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中Thevillagewomen,however,smiledatme可知,然而,村里的妇女对我微笑,并且转折表示与男人态度不一样,所以这微笑显示了她们对我的支持(support)。11.A.finished B.enjoyedC.continued D.suggested【解析】选C。男村民们告诉我,我遇到的“快泥”会把我吞没。由此可知,男人们是不支持我去登山的。他们继续向我讲述不可预测的危险故事。12.A.determined B.annoyedC.delighted D.embarrassed【解析】选A。determined坚决的;annoyed恼怒的;delighted高兴的;embarrassed尴尬的。我姑姑的话一直在我耳边回响——最大的风险就是不冒险。由此可知,由于姑姑的话语,我下定了决心,要冒险去爬这座山。13.A.alarming B.ringingC.breaking D.exploding【解析】选B。结合空格所在句中myaunt’swordskept...inmyears可知,姑姑的话语一直在我耳边回响,表示对我的激励。14.A.observe B.rememberC.choose D.follow【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中myaunt’swordskeptringinginmyears—thegreatestriskisnottakingarisk可知,我姑姑的话一直在我耳边回响——最大的风险就是不冒险。所以姑姑是在鼓励我要追随梦想。15.A.arrangement B.outeC.exchange D.explanation【解析】选A。结合下文可知,除了我要雇的当地向导,他们还希望我雇三个带枪的保镖来保护自己。可知,村里做了另外的一项安排符合题意,这项安排似乎让他们对我的攀登感到放心。16.A.warned B.allowedC.wished D.reminded【解析】选C。结合空格所在句中hirethreeguardswithguns,forprotection可知,村民们希望我去雇三个带枪的保镖来保护自己,符合文意。17.A.joined B.expectedC.forted D.appreciated【解析】选A。结合空格所在句中notonlybymynewmountainsupportteam,butalsobyeveryvillagewoman可知,我得到了登山支援小组和村里妇女的支持。因此加入的不仅是山地支援小组,还有村里的妇女。18.A.defense B.searchC.possession D.celebration【解析】选D。结合空格所在句中的avictory可知,我们好像是在庆祝胜利。incelebrationof为固定搭配,意为庆祝……。19.A.helping B.teachingC.acpanying D.protecting【解析】选C。根据上文的bymynewmountainsupportteam,butalsobyeveryvillagewoman.可知,和我一道的不仅有我新组成的登山支援小组,还有这个村子里的所有女人。所以可推出,这些女村民们陪着我。20.A.relief B.acplishmentC.justice D.responsibility【解析】选B。我知道我不是第一个攀登上的西方女性,但是由于有这些女村民们陪伴我,所以我感到一种强烈的成就感。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·武汉模拟)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Today,muchoftheworld’soceanisstillamystery.Only5percentofit1.(explore)sofar.Infact,weknowmoreaboutsomeareasofMars2.somepartsoftheworld’socean.Newtechnology,however,ishelpingscientistsexplorethese3.(hide)worlds.Forexample,scientistsareusing4.underwatervehiclecalledDeepSeatoexploreseamountsunderwatermountains.ScientistshaveusedDeepSeatostudyLasGemelas,anareaofseamountsnearCostaRica.Ahuge5.(vary)ofspecieslivearoundLasGemelas.Someofthesespeciesmayhavechemicals6.canhelppeoplefightillnesses.The7.(deep)locationoftheearthistheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.Theoceanfloorthereisapproximately11,000metersdeep.In2012,filmmakerandexplorerJamesCameronreachedtheMarianaTrenchinavehiclecalledDeepSeaChallenger.Hewasthefirst8.(plete)thejourneyalone.Camerontook9.(photo)andmadevideosontheoceanfloor.DeepSeaexplorationalsohelpsusinotherways.Forexample,wearelearninghowunderwaterearthquakescausetsunamis.AsCameronsays,“Thisisthe10.(begin)ofopeningupanewfrontier.”【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜,然而,新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。文章介绍科学家对地球上最深的地方——太平洋的马里亚纳海沟的探索。1.【解析】hasbeenexplored。考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句子主语是Only5percentofit,单数第三人称,和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系,再根据sofar“到目前为止”,可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态。2.【解析】than。考查连词than。根据more可知此处是比较级。3.【解析】hidden。考查过去分词作前置定语。此处worlds和hide之间是被动关系,是过去分词作前置定语。4.【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处underwater读音以元音音素开头,前面加an表示“一种水下的工具”。5.【解析】variety。考查固定词组。avarietyof“各种各样的”。所以此处用名词,所给词vary是动词,其名词形式是variety。6.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。此处chemicals是先行词,指物,放在后面的定语从句中作主语,所以由that/which来引导定语从句。7.【解析】deepest。考查形容词最高级。马里亚纳海沟是地球上“最深的”地方,所以这里用形容词最高级。8.【解析】toplete。考查动词不定式作后置定语。固定用法:thefirst(second...)todosth.“做某事的第一(第二……)个……”。此处是动词不定式作后置定语。9.【解析】photos。考查名词复数。固定搭配:takephotos“拍照”。10.【解析】beginning。考查名词。分析句子结构the_________(begin)of可知the用在名词前面。

阅读填句(2021·衡水模拟)Peoplemayhavesomeunclearmemoriesoftheirchildhood,butalmosteveryonewillrememberthebeautifulprincessandthecruelqueeninSnowWhite,theinnocentlittlegirlandthegreedybiggraywolfinLittleRedRidingHood.1Forexample,“Truelovecanovereanything”,and“Evenafrogcanturnintoaprince”.However,atacertainage,westarttolearnnewthingsaboutlife,particularlythatlovedoesn’talwayswin,andthatafrogisjustafrog.

2JustlookatanimatedfilmslikeTheLionKingandFrozen,whichhavemillionsoffansyoungandold.Andthisyear’sLucerneFestivalinSwitzerland—aclassicalmusicfestival—willalsofeaturethethemesof“Childhood”and“Fairytales”.

“Fairytalesendurebecausetheyarethestoriesofourlivesintheirmoststrippeddownform,”wroteUSauthorLauraPacker.“Theyarestoriesofloveandloss,desireanddeath,richesandruin.”3Butifchildrenonlyseejustonesideofreality,adultsusuallyseetheother.Forexample,inthemovieMaleficent,we’retoldthetaleofSleepingBeautyfromtheperspectiveoftheevilqueen.4Instead,shesuffersgreatlossesgrowingup,leadingtothecreationofher“evil”side.AndinUSauthorJamesFinnGamer’sbook“PoliticallyCorrectBedtimeStories”,hetellstheclassicstoryof“LittleRedRidingHood”,butwithamoderntouch.

5Theymayusuallystartwith“Onceuponatime”butaswegrowolder,welearnthatever