一项关于钢筋笼成型设备使用的靠模的发明应用领域外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

PAGEPAGE附录二AFORMERASSOCIATEDWITHANAPPARATUSFORMAKINGCAGESFieldoftheInventionThepresentinventionrelatesgenerallytoaformerforacage-makingmachinewhichisadaptedtoholdapluralityoflongitudinallyextendingrodsand,inparticular,toaformerwhichisadaptedtoholdapluralityoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrods.Theinventionhasbeendevelopedprimarilyforusewithcage-makingmachineswhichareadaptedforuseintheconstructionofreinforcingcagesforreinforcingconcreteandwillbedescribedhereinafterwithreferencetothisapplication.However,itwillbeappreciatedthattheinventionisnotlimitedtothisparticularuse.DescriptionofthePriorArtSomecage-makingmachineswhichareadaptedforconstructingreinforcingcagesforreinforcingconcreteutiliseaformerwhichismountedonthemachine.Theformerisadaptedtoholdapluralityoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrodsduringtheconstructionofareinforcingcage.Inparticular,theformerisadaptedtoholdtherodssuchthattherodsaremaintainedinaparticulartransverserelationshipwithrespecttoeachother.Cage-makingmachineswhichemployformersofthistypeareusuallyoperatedbyfirstlyinsertingapluralityoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrodsintotheformer.Therodsarethenprogressivelywithdrawnfromtheformerasareinforcingcageisconstructed.Constructionofthecagetypicallyinvolveswindingareinforcingbararoundthewithdrawnportionsoftherodswhilesimultaneouslyweldingorotherwiseattachingthebartotherods.Areinforcingcagemanufacturerwillusuallyhaveanumberofformerson-handwitheachformerbeingadaptedforuseintheconstructionofareinforcingcagehavingaparticulararrangementoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrods.Thereareanumberofsignificantdisadvantagesassociatedwithformersofthistype.PAGEPAGEOnedisadvantageisthat,sincecage-makingmachinesusuallypermitonlyoneformertobemountedthereon,itisoftennecessarytoprovideasufficientamountofstoragespacetostoretheformerswhicharenotinuse.Afurtherdisadvantageisthatthemanufacturerwilloftenhavetoreplacetheformermountedonitscage-makingmachinewithadifferentformerinordertoproduceacagehavingadifferentarrangementoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrods.Whenacagemanufacturertransportsitscage-makingmachinetoaconstructionsite,themanufacturerwilloftenhavetotransportmorethanoneformersothatcageshavingdifferentarrangementsoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrodscanbeconstructedon-site.Transportingmorethanoneformerusuallyresultsinincreasedtransportationcosts.Also,itoftenoccursthatamanufacturerwillnothaveaformeron-handwhichissuitableforconstructingacagehavingaparticulararrangementoflongitudinallyextendingreinforcingrods.Therefore,themanufacturermusteitherobtainasuitableformerorsomehowmodifyanexistingformer.Itisanobjectofthepresentinventiontosubstantiallyovercome,oratleastameliorate,oneormoreofthedisadvantagesassociatedwiththepriorart.SummaryoftheInventionAccordingtoafirstaspectofthepresentinventionthereisprovidedaformeradaptedtoholdapluralityoflongitudinallyextendingrods,theformerincluding:aframe;andapluralityofrodsupportseachadaptedtoholdanassociatedsaidlongitudinallyextendingrod,whereintherodsupportsaremountedtotheframesuchthatthetransverselocationofatleastoneoftherodsupportscanbevariedrelativetotheframe.Preferably,theframeincludes:anouterframememberhavinganapertureextendingsubstantiallytherethrough;aninnerframememberreceivedbytheapertureandspacedfromtheouterframemember;andapluralityoftransverseframemembersextendingbetweentheinnerandouterframemembers,whereintherodsupportsaremountedtothetransverseframemembers.PAGEPAGEAdvantageously,theouterframememberisacylinderandtheapertureextendslongitudinallythroughthecylinder.Suitably,theinnerframememberisacylinder.Preferably,theradiallocationofatleastoneoftherodsupportscanbevariedrelativetotheinnerandouterframemembers.Inapreferredform,atleastoneofthetransverseframemembersextendsradiallybetweentheinnerandouterframemembers.TheAtleastonetransverseframememberisskewedrelativetoaradiallyextendingpositionbetweentheinnerandouterframemembers.Advantageously,anapertureextendsthroughtheinnerframemember.Theaperturemaybeadaptedtoenableanaxlehavinganon-circulartransversecross-sectiontorotatablylockwiththeinnerframemember.Theaperturemayhaveanon-circulartransversecross-section.Forexample,theaperturemayhavearectangulartransversecross-section.Preferably,thetransverseframemembersareremovablymountedbetweentheinnerandouterframemembers.Theinnerandouterframemembersmayincludelocatingformationswhichareadaptedtolocatetheremovabletransverseframemembersrelativetotheinnerandouterframemembers.Thelocatingformationsmaybepresentonaninnersurfaceoftheouterframememberandanoutersurfaceoftheinnerframemember.Eachlocatingformationmaybeintheformofagroovewhichisadaptedtoreceiveanassociatedsaidtransverseframemember.Inparticular,eachlocatingformationmaybearadiallyextendinggroove.Eachlocatingformationoftheouterframemembermaybeintheformofalocatingaperturewhichextendsthroughasideoftheouterframemember.Eachsaidlocatingaperturebeingadaptedtoenableanassociatedsaidtransverseframemembertopasstherethrough.Eachlocatingaperturemayextendradiallythroughasideoftheouterframemember.Preferably,thelocatingformationsoftheinnerandouterframemembersareadaptedtoenableatleastoneofthetransverseframememberstobeskewedrelativetoaradiallyextendingpositionbetweentheinnerandouterframemembers.Advantageously,eachtransverseframememberisintheformofaplate.Eachplatemayincludeapluralityofmountingaperturesextendingtherethrough.ThemountingaperturesarePAGEPAGEadaptedtoenableatleastonesaidrodsupporttoberemovablymountedtotheplate.Therodsupportsmaybetubes.Inorderthattheinventionmaybemorefullyunderstoodandputintopractice,apreferredembodimentthereofwillnowbedescribedwithreferencetotheaccompanyingdrawings.BriefDescriptionoftheDrawingsFig.1Aisanendelevationofaformeraccordingtoafirstembodimentofthepresentinvention;Fig.1BisasideelevationoftheformerillustratedinFig.1A;TherelationshipbetweendesignprocessandForesightAtfirstglancedesignandForesightprocesseshaveanumberofsimilarobjectivesbutdifferentstrategicpositions.Bothareconcernedwithfuturescenariosandtheabilitytomakeinformeddecisionstoenhancesuccess.However,whereasdesignisseenasthemanipulationofvisualortactileaspectsofphysicalmatterorinformationatthepointofoutput,Foresightisseenasapolicyandtechnicaleffectingactivitythattakesplacewellinadvanceofactualoutcomes.Inthepropositionofthisprojectwastheaimtoexaminehowfuturefocusseddesign,whichaimstosetbusinessstrategyanddirection,ororganisationalpolicy,mayrelatetoForesightactivities.InthestudyofeachofthecasestudieswehavefounddifferingrelationshipswithForesightactivityandwaysinwhichdesignisbehavingasaforesightprocess,sometimesatoddswithourexpectationsinchoosingthecasestudies.WhatisclearisthatineachcasestudytherelationshipwithForesighthasthepotentialtotravelintwodirections.Foresightactivityhaseffected,ortriggered,designactivity.InsomecasesDesignhasenabledorgeneratedForesightprocess.Toexplainhowthisdynamichasworkedwecanlookateachcasestudyinturnandmaptheprocessbywhichinformationhaseffectedlongtermstrategyorpolicy.ThefistiterationoftheT5conceptwasaconventionalspecificationrelatingtothephysicalandfunctionalrequirementsofaninternationalairportterminalwhichprovidesPAGEPAGEentrytoacountryandtransfertootherformsoftransportationincludingfurtherairtravel,rail,road,privateandpublictransportationsystems.Inthissenseitissimilartomanylargescaleinfrastructureprojects.Duetotheextendedlengthoftheplanningenquirythatwasapoliticalrequirement,itwasobviousthatthelifeperiodoftheterminalwouldbeginsometimeinthefuture,andthatitsoperatinglifewouldextendintodecadesawayfromthatwhichitasdesignedin.IntermsofForecasting,itwasobviousthattherewereanumberofrapidenvironmentalandsocialeconomicchangesthatwerelikelytoaffecttheproject,andwhich,ifnotanticipated,wouldlimitthesuccessandmayrequirefurtherconstantcorrectiveinvestmentandcostduringitsoperatinglife.ForthisreasonitbecameimperativethattheT5projectincludeaForesightactivity.Inthiscasetherewasastrongadditionaladvantageinthemanagementofawideanddiversedevelopmentresource,80%ofwhichwasfromoutsidethecommissioningorganisationBAA(BritishAirportsAuthority).AsecondarymotiveforaForesightprojectwas,therefore,toprovidesharedknowledgeandcriteriaforthemanydecisionsthatwouldhavetobetaken.Increatinga“Vision”document,forecastsonmeteorological,technical,socialandeconomicaspectscouldbepresentedtoprovokeandstimulatecreativesolutionstowhatwerelikelyscenariosfortheterminal.Inthissensedesignandforesightcombinedtocreatepowerfuldevicetocommunicateandaffectmanydifferentpeopleworkingontheprojectandthereforeimplicitlyinfluencethelongtermstrategyoftheairport.AsimplemodeloftheT5futurethinkingprocesswouldshowsomethingsimilartoaclassicForesightprocess.Anumberofexpertswerecollectedtocreateacompositepictureoffuturescenarios.Oneadditionalkeyaspectinthishowever,istheadditionofinformationfromexistingusersoftheairport,bothaspassengersandoperatives.ThisForesightactivityculminatesinareport,butinthiscasethereportwasdesignedasapieceofcommunication,a“SundaySupplement”thatcreatedabelievablescenariowhereassumptionswerechallengedandnewpossibilitieswerechannelledimplicitlythroughafamiliarmedium.ThismayseemtobeasuperficialdifferencefromForesightexpertreports.However,inidentifyingmorecompellingvisions,designoffersit’smosttangibleadvantageinincreasingtheimpactonpolicymakersandstakeholdersalike.PAGEPAGEThecreationofthistheatricalvisionisnotanendinitselfanditsroleinT5wassuccessfulinthatitallowedthedesignteamtoreaddressthedesignsolutionthathadbeencreatedinresponsetofunctionalspecificationandrecognisethatchangeswererequiredtoanticipatefuturerequirementsnotidentifiedbefore.Asaresultthedesignwasradicallyalteredandimproved,reducingtherisktoBAAandenhancingtheeventualperformanceandmaintenanceofthefutureterminal.TheprocessbywhichtheT5strategywasaffectedbyForesightanddesigncanbemodelledasbelow:：Thecreativevisionofthe2020Foresightexerciseallowedadialogueduringthedevelopmentphasethatgeneratedanewdesignconceptualvisionthatinturncreatedthespecificationforthesubsequentimplementationandbuildofthismajorpieceofinfrastructureplanning.ThedirectionoftherelationshipisatfirstglancehowForesighthashelpedforgeasuperiordesignresponse.Thisshowsusthatwherefuturefocuseddesignthinkingusescurrentuserresearch,intuitiveresponsetolatentrequirementsandforecastingoffuturetechnologyandprocesses,amoreformalForesightexerciseusingappropriateexpertopinioncangreatlyassistthedesignprocessinsubsequently