冠词讲解教学内容

冠词分为定冠词（ihe）和不定冠词（a/an）两种。常考点：冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法；常见的固定搭配中的冠词。一、不定冠词的主要用法：不定冠词a用在辅音■音素开头的词之前，如useful,university,European,young,one等；an用在元音音素开头的词之前，如hour,honest,honour,X-ray等。不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示“每、一、类、某”.表示“每一”的概念（每日、每周、每年等）Henevercasthisnetmorethanfourtimesaday..指某一种人或事物的任何一个ThebigoneisacolourTV.Thisisanapple..指人或事物的某一种类（one强调“数目”）Whichisheavier,anelephantorahorse?.指某人或某事物，但不具体说明是谁或是什么AMrJohnsoncalledtoseeyoujustnow.AprofessorfromBeijingUniversitywillgiveusareport..用在一些固定词组或句型中：It'sapitythat...,inahurry,asarule,alotof,haveawordwith,makealiving,manya/an,catch（a）cold,asawhole,ataloss,asaresult,atadistance（of...）,inasense,onceinawhile,payavisitto,asamatteroffact,allofasudden,haveagoodtime,inaway,inaword,acoupleof,haveacold/cough/pain/headache,afew,agrea（/gooddealof,alil（le/bil,agood/greatmany,goonatrip,havearest,takealook/walk/scat,makeadive,liveahappylife,inadayortwo,apairof,withasmile,dosb.afavor,awasteoftime,have/runatemperature,gooutforawalk,inawhisper,abigrain,astrongwind,givesb.abeating（抽象名词是表示动作的名词或动名词,a/an表示“一下”、“一次”）….一般来说，名词有（副词+）形容词修饰，不定冠词应置于其前，如a（very）nicehouse,但注意下列几种情况：whalagoodboy（=howgoodaboy）,suchabeautifulgirl（=sobeautifulagirl）,ashighapriceas,toohighaprice,halfanhour（=ahalfhour＜美＞）,quiteaclevergirl,ratheracoldday.不用不定冠词的情况：turntraitor,partof（如名词前有形容词则加）,takepartin...,man,word二、定冠词的主要用法：（元音前］,辅音前［8］）I.特指：.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物.指交谈的双方都知道的人或事物：Takethechairtoyourroom..名词有介词短语、分词短语、从句修饰时II.复指：指上文提到过的人或事；提到与己经提过的人或物有关的事物也必须用定冠词。III.其他：.表示世界上独一无二的事物：earth,moon,sun,sky,world,universe,globe.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前：theUnitedStates,thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theSummerPalace,(heGreatWall.和某些形容词或分词连用,表示一类人或事物：old,young,sick,rich,oppressed,wounded,new.在形容词最高级和序数词前：thebiggestcity,thesecondarrow(asecondarrow,amostinterestingbook,thetallerofthetwostudents).用在复数姓氏前，表示夫妇或一家人：theGreens,theUs.与单数名词连用表示类别「①lhe+单数名词(指整个这一种类，着眼“全体”)表示类别J②a/an+单数名词(指这一种类中任何一个成员，着眼“个别”)・③复数名词.在地理名称前①三弯江捣运海虾和沙(山脉；海湾；江；半岛、群岛；运河；海洋；海峡；河流；沙漠少theYellowRiver,theUralMountains,theRedSea,thePacificOcean,theThames(单个的岛名之前一般不加the,半岛、群岛名称前才须加the：一座山的名称前一般不加the,山脉的名称前加the,比较：HainanIsland/theWestIndies;MountTai/theUrals)②表示方位方向等位置关系的名词(作副词用时则不加).乐器前：playIhepiano/guitar/flute(但playe)力〃：汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词).某些习语中：hitsb.intheface,beblindintherighteye,allthetime,all(the)yearround,bytheway,onthewhole,intheway,tothepoint(offthepoint),take/seize/graspsb.bythearm,ontheright/left,makethemostof,onthecontrary,inthemorning,inthedaytime,gotothecinemii/theatre,inthedark,intheend.ontheotherhand,theotherday,in(he1870's,inthedistance,onthephone,fbrthetimebeing(=fbrthemoment),atthemoment,bythehour/day/dozen/pound(但byweight/time/piece)三、不用冠词的场合(零冠词).在大多数专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前，一般不用冠词。e.g.Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Tom,China,cotton.复数名词表示人或物的类别时不用冠词。.在表示球类运动、棋类游戏和学科名称的名词前不用冠词。e.g.playchess/cards/games/fbolbal1,maths,English(但theEnglishlanguage).在节日、星期几、月份、季节及一日三餐前一般不用冠词。e.g.NewYear'sDay.Sunday,September,supper(但theArmyDay,theSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival).在表示称呼的名词，表示头衔或职务的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前不用冠词。.用作书名或文章、课文等的标题时：FromEarthtoMoon.表示最高级的most作very解时：Il'smostbeautiful..as引导的让步状语从句中:Childassheis,....两个或两个以上的单数可数名词连用，当表示对比或并列使用，或是同一名词的重复使用时，不用冠词：nurseandpatient,husbandandwife,experimentafterexperiment.对自己的家人或亲友、熟人提及自己的家人或几乎可当作家人看待的人：nurse,teacher,cook,Father,Mother,Uncle.用于独立主格结构时:swordinhand.用在akind/sort/cypeof之后时.用在以by引起的表示交通、通讯手段的短语时：bybike(car,bus,plane,train,ship),bytelephone.名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词(some,each,any,every,no)或名词所有格修饰时不用冠词。.在某些习惯用法中：afterschool(work,class),onfoot,infact,bychance,inbed,beforeclass,gotowork,athome,inspace,towardsevening,a(present,turnwriter,at(able,inchargeof,atnoon/dawn/daybreak/night,frombeginningtoend,frommorningtillnight,byday,inclanger,insurprise,intown,fromhandtohand,fromwesttoeast,sidebyside,atsupper,onbusiness,dayandnight,inheaven,handinhand,shouldertoshoulder,stepbystep,onduty,onholiday,introuble,arminarm,inpencil(ink)注：①在有些词组中,有无冠词其含义不同:in(the)frontof,at(the)table,by(the)sea,by(the)day,outof(the)question,awomanwith(a)child②在有些短语中，school,hospital,prison,bed.class等词加冠词表示本意，不加冠词意义转化，表示抽象概念。四、抽象名词和物质名词前的冠词.抽象名词和物质名词，在“特指”的情况下也用the。①②③④Doyoulikemusicofthefilm?①②③④Iswaterinthewellfittodrink?teaproducedinAnhuiisofgoodquality.airistoobad.Openthewindow,please..在表示“一•种”、“一场”、“一•番”等具体概念时，可加a(an)：aheavyrain一阵大雨,anicedcoffee一份冰咖啡.表示引起某种情绪的事时，不可数名词前面加不定冠词，使抽象概念具体化，当这些抽象名词前有形容词之类的定语修饰时，这种“具体化”更为明显：Il'sbeenapleasuretotalktoyou.Whatasurpriseyou'vegivenme!★在很多情况下，是否使用冠词，使用什么冠词，往往是•个习惯表达问题，要依赖平时在学习中注意观察，多读多记，培养语感，到解题时就能做到灵活运用。填空：Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Jane'sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildren'sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotintheway.Brainisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobeBeethoven.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.Dogsareverypopularpet.Eachweek,allstudentsingradesonethroughfivehaveone-hourChineseclass.ItissaidthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeDaVinci.FijiismostbeautifulcountryandIthinkIwillgotherefbrthirdlime.Theadobedwellings（土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestarcadmiredbyevenmostmodemofarchitectsandengineers.Lifeislikeanocean;onlystrong-willedcanreachtheothershore.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedonPacificOceanonhiswaytoJavainthirteenthcentury.1justheardbankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbygunmanwearingamask.Mostofthetime,we（endtobeafraidofunknown.MyparentshadmovedtoEnglandfromIndiaduring1970s.Solvingproblemofplasticpollutionisimportant.1don'trememberthefirsttwooperationsverywell,butIdorecallthird.Peopledevelopapreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatearlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.Italsohassetoflasers（激光）,whichareusedtomeasurethesizeofanobject.改错：ThatdayIdidn'tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.Tonysawatoyinashopwindow...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.Ifyouarehappywiththeproposedtermsandwishtoacceptanofferofemployment,pleasesignthisletterandreturnittomesoon.Myunclesaysthatheneverdrcamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Ontherightsideoftheclasswas（heroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymy