英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）第一单元Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking学案

SectionⅠReadingandThinking重点词汇讲解Point1crucial

用法详解crucialadj.至关重要的;关键性的;决定性的Thisaidmoneyiscrucialtothegovernment’seconomicpolicies.这笔援助金对政府的经济政策至关重要。Consumer’sconfidenceiscrucialtoaneconomicrecovery.消费者的信心是经济复苏的关键。归纳拓展becrucialto对……至关重要playacrucialrole/partinsth.在……(方面)起关键作用beofcrucialimportance非常重要acrucialperiod关键时期经典例题根据汉语意思完成句子(1)你的意见对这个计划至关重要。Youropiniontheplan.

(2)在孩子们适龄时为他们提供应有的教育至关重要。toprovidethechildrenwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

(3)他的健康状况对我们来说至关重要。Hishealthtousall.

参考答案(1)iscrucialto(2)Itiscrucial(3)isofcrucialimportancePoint2committed

用法详解committedadj.坚定的,尽心尽力的Thepartyhasacoreofcommittedsupporters.该党派有一批坚定的支持者。归纳拓展commitv.承诺;保证;做(错事);忠于→committedadj.坚定的,尽心尽力的→commitmentn.承诺,投入,忠诚,奉献Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.最尴尬的电子邮件错误通常是在生气的时候犯的。commitoneselftosth./doing…=becommittedtosth./doing…致力于……,以……为己任Thegovernmenthascommitteditselftoimprovingthehealthserviceinthecountryside.政府已作出承诺要改善农村的医疗条件。WearefullycommittedtoEqualOpportunitypolicies.我们完全支持机会均等政策。Inordertobuildaharmoniousworld,allcountriesmustbecommittedtocoexistingpeacefully.建立和谐世界,必须致力于实现各国和谐共处。特别提醒词组中的to为介词,后接名词或动名词,类似短语还有:devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto投身于……,致力于……beaddictedto对……上瘾,沉溺于……beusedto习惯于lookforwardto盼望,期待经典例题单句语法填空(1)Theprisonsentencehereceivedwasbasedonthenumberofcrimeshe(commit).

(2)Ithankyouforyourcontinuedsupportand(commit).

(3)Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedto(practice)it.

(4)Headmitsthatrecentlyhehasbecomeaddictedto(play)onlinegames.

(5)Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto(help)othersrebuildhomes.

参考答案(1)hadcommitted句意:他被判刑的年限取决于他犯罪的次数。设空处的动词时态表过去(received)之前发生,故用过去完成时。(2)commitment句意:我谨对你们的不断支持和承诺表示感谢。此处需要名词形式。(3)practicing句意:他喜欢演奏这种乐器并坚持练习。词组becommittedto中的to为介词,后面需接动名词。(4)playing句意:他承认最近沉迷于网络游戏。词组be/becomeaddictedto中的to为介词,后面需接动名词。(5)helping句意:邻居们把自己的空闲时间用于帮助他人重建家园。词组devote…to…/bedevotedto中的to为介词,后面需要接动名词。Point3objective

用法详解(1)n.目标,目的(同:aim,purpose,goal)Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives.另一种设定实际目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标。Thecompanywasformedin1996,withtheobjectiveofprovidingasolutionforurbanwirelessgeolocation.公司组建于1996年,目标是为城市无线定位提供解决方案。(2)adj.客观的,公正的It’shardtogiveanobjectiveopinionaboutyourownchildren.对于自己的孩子很难给予客观的意见。Scientistsneedtobeobjectivewhendoingresearch.科学家做研究时要客观。归纳拓展withtheobjectiveof…目的是……achieve/meetanobjective达到目标setanobjective制定目标main/primaryobjective主要/首要目标beobjectiveabout对……是客观的objectively客观地经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Wesimplywanttoinformpeople(objective)oftheevents.

(2)Themethodofanalysismustbeobjectiveevaluatingaccidentrate.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)我们的主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。wastherecoveryofthechildsafeandwell.

(2)我认为新闻记者应该是完全客观的。Ibelievethatajournalist.

参考答案1.(1)objectively句意:我们只是想把事件客观地告诉人们。需要用副词修饰动词inform。(2)about句意:对于评价事故率的分析方法必须是客观的。beobjectiveabout对……是客观的。2.(1)Ourmainobjective(2)shouldbecompletelyobjectivePoint4evaluate用法详解evaluatevt.评价,评估,估计。常见搭配:evaluate+how/whether…评估/评价……Ican’tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.没看到他的工作,我无法评估他的能力。Weneedtoevaluatehowwellthemethodisworking.我们需要评价这一方法产生的效果。归纳拓展evaluationn.估计,评价Weneedtocarryoutaproperevaluationofthenewsystem.我们要对新系统进行合理的评估。经典例题单句语法填空(1)Ihearthestudentsgavethenewteacheranunfair(evaluate).

(2)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.

参考答案(1)evaluation句意:我听说学生们给了这位新老师一个不公平的评价。形容词后面需接名词。(2)evaluated句意:人们普遍认为应该从整体质量方面评价学生。此句为被动语态,故用过去分词。Point5property用法详解(1)n.[C]性质,性能,特征Aradiosignalhasbothelectricalandmagneticproperties.无线电信号既具有电的特性又具有磁的特性。Wormwoodisaplantwithmedicalproperties.艾草是一种具有药用价值的植物。(2)n.[U]财产,所有权;不动产;房地产Itisimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofpublicproperty.爱护公物很重要。Anypropertywhichdoesnotsellwithinsixweeksisoverpriced.任何房产如果6周内还卖不出去就说明定价过高。归纳拓展intellectualproperty知识产权,著作权propertyright产权经典例题翻译句子(1)Kidsarenotourproperty.Theyarefree._____________________________________(2)Comparethephysicalpropertiesofthetwosubstances.__________________________________________________(3)Thepriceofpropertyhasrisenenormously.______________________________________参考答案(1)孩子不是我们的财产,他们是自由的。(2)比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。(3)房地产的价格大幅度地上升了。Point6distinct

用法详解distinctadj.清晰的,清楚的;有区别的,明显不同的Hisvoicewasquietbuteverywordwasdistinct.他说话声音不大,但字字清晰。Althoughtheylooksimilar,theseplantsareactuallyquitedistinct.虽然这些植物看起来很相似,但它们实际上是截然不同的。Thepackageshouldbeappealingenoughtomakeitdistinctfromotherlipsticksandattractconsumers’attention.包装应该具有足够的吸引力与其他的口红相区别来吸引消费者的注意力。TheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinctspecies.非洲象分为两个不同的种类。归纳拓展bedistinctfrom与……不同distinguishv.区分,辨别distinctionn.差别,区别,不同make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandB区别A和Bdistinctlyadv.不同地,清楚地distinctiveadj.有特色的,与众不同的经典例题单句语法填空(1)Hepronounces(distinct).

(2)Itwouldn’thavetobeabigtalent,justenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseof(distinct).

(3)ThebetweenChineseandJapaneseisnotsoobviousthatitisnoteasytobetweenpeoplefromthetwocountries.(distinct)

(4)Thosetwosuggestionsarequitedistincteachother.

参考答案(1)distinctly句意:他发音清晰。用副词修饰动词。(2)distinction句意:并不需要太大的天赋,只要足以让她获得与众不同的感觉就行了。介词of后用名词形式。(3)distinction;distinguish句意:中国人和日本人之间的差别不是很明显,以致很难区分这两个国家的人。(4)from句意:那两个建议截然不同。Point7trydoing用法详解trydoing尝试做……(含有试试看的意味)trytodo尽力,设法做……Johnisn’there.Tryphoninghishomenumber.约翰不在这里,试试打他家里的电话。Trynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.不要为成功而努力,而要为做一个有价值的人而努力。辨析比较trytodo与managetodo

易混词组区别例句trytodo强调动作,不表示结果如何I’lltrytogetdowntownthisafternoonbutIdon’tknowifIcanmakeit.今天下午我想去市中心,但不知是否能去成。managetodo强调结果,表示经过一番努力之后做成某事Howdoyoumanagetostaysoslim?你是怎么保持这么苗条的?归纳拓展类似的用法还有:meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth欲意/打算做某事regretdoing后悔做了某事(已做)regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事(未做)stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)remembertodosth.记得要去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记要做某事(未做)经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.

(2)Whenhewas16,hetried(enter)universityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscores.

(3)Ididn’tmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)尝试反着做,看看会发生什么。theoppositeandseewhathappens.

(2)老师们经常向学生灌输“岁月不待人”的思想。Teachersoftenrubintothepupilsthattimeandtidewaitfornoman.

参考答案1.(1)livingtrydoingsth.尝试做某事。(2)toentertrytodosth.设法/尽力做某事。(3)toeatmeantodo…欲意/打算做……。2.(1)Trydoing(2)trytodoPoint8obtain用法详解(1)vt.(尤指经努力)获得,赢得Aftersheobtainedabachelor’sdegree,shewentonwithherstudyforamaster’sdegree.获得学士学位后,她继续学习争取(获得)硕士学位。Thesenationalparksobtainedfinancialsupportfromtouristcompanies.这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。obtainadvice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/许可(2)vi.(规章、习俗等)存在,流行Theseconditionsnolongerobtain.这些条件不再适用。归纳拓展obtainable(正式)adj.可获得的,能得到的Theformisobtainableatyourlocalpostoffice.可在当地邮局获得该表格。经典例题单句语法填空(1)Thelongerthissituation(obtain),themoreextensivetheproblemsbecome.

(2)(obtain)herdegree,sheanswered81questionsonover10papers.

(3)I’mafraidthattherecordyouaskedforisnolonger(obtain).

参考答案(1)obtains句意:这种局面持续的时间越长,问题波及的范围就越大。主语为第三人称单数。(2)Toobtain句意:为了获得学位,她回答了10多页纸上的81个问题。toobtain表目的。(3)obtainable做表语应该用形容词形式。Point9acknowledge

用法详解(1)vt.承认(属实、权威等)Sherefusestoacknowledgetheneedforreform.她拒不承认改革的必要性。Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobe/asthebestplayerintheworld.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。(2)vt.(公开)感谢、答谢Igratefullyacknowledgefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。归纳拓展acknowledge…tobe/as…承认……是/为……beacknowledgedtobe/as…被认为是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做了某事Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat…普遍认为……acknowledgementn.承认;致谢,鸣谢辨析比较acknowledge,recognize与admit易混词区别例句acknowledge指公开承认隐瞒或否认过的事情Withsomuchevidenceagainsthim,hehadtoacknowledgehiserror.在这么多证据面前,他不得不承认他的错误。recognize指正式承认主权、权利等Theyrefusedtorecognizethecountry’sindependence.他们拒绝正式承认这个国家的独立。admit通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性,含不情愿之意Theaccusedmanadmittedhisguilt.被告承认了他的罪行。经典例题1.判断下列句子中acknowledge的含义(1)Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.

(2)IwouldliketoacknowledgeallthehelpIhavereceivedfrommyfamily.

2.一句多译正如大家所公认的,除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界,否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。(1)wecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(it做形式主语)

(2),wecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(定语从句)

3.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)没有确凿的证据,他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtothelady’spurse.

(2)普京被广泛地认为是全世界一位杰出的政治人物。Putinanoutstandingpoliticalfigureallovertheworld.

参考答案1.(1)(公开)承认(2)感谢2.(1)Itisacknowledgedthat(2)Asisacknowledged3.(1)acknowledge/admitstealing(2)iswidelyacknowledgedtobe/asPoint10analyse

用法详解analysevt.分析MytutorexplainedthatIshouldreadlotsofdifferenttextsthatcontaindifferentopinionsandanalysewhatIread.我的导师解释说,我应该阅读大量的有关不同观点的文章,并进行分析。Thejobinvolvesgatheringandanalysingdata.这项工作包括搜集和分析资料。归纳拓展analysis(pl.analyses)n.分析inthelast/finalanalysis总之;归根结底analystn.分析者,化验员analyticaladj.分析的,善于分析的经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)By(analyse)thepartsofthesentencewecanlearnmoreaboutEnglishgrammar.

(2)Inthefinal(analyse),Ithinkoursympathylieswiththeheroineoftheplay.

2.单项选择Theteamareworkinghardtotheproblemsothattheycanfindthebestsolution.

A.faceB.preventC.raise D.analyse参考答案1.(1)analysing句意:分析句子成分,我们就能多了解一些英语语法。介词by后接动名词。(2)analysis句意:总之,我认为我们都同情剧中的女主人公。形容词final后接名词。inthelast/finalanalysis总之;归根结底。2.D句意:这个团队正努力分析这个问题,以便能找到最好的解决办法。考查动词词义辨析。face面对;prevent阻止;raise提出;analyse分析。根据语境可知答案为D项。Point11conclude

用法详解concludevt.得出结论Thescientistsconcludedfromtheirresearchthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.科学家们从他们的研究中得出结论:地球变得越来越暖和了。Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘badtables,”giventhattheyreprofitable.我们可以得出这样的结论:考虑到餐馆的盈利能力,餐馆老板们不需要过分担心“不好”的桌子。归纳拓展concludefrom…从……中推断出conclusionn.结论;推论draw/reach/cometo/leadtoaconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后;总之conclusiveadj.结论性的,有说服力的经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Theresearchlackssolidevidence,andtherefore,its(conclude)aredoubtful.

(2)conclusion,wehavebenefitedfromtheactivity.

2.翻译句子我从自己的经历中得出一个结论:有志者,事竟成。_________________________________________3.单项选择Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoitwithimportantpoints.

A.concludeB.leadC.avoidD.hold参考答案1.(1)conclusions(2)Ininconclusion总之。2.Idrew