专题12阅读理解(科普或环境保护类或健康类)(第02期)中考英语试题分项版解析汇编(原卷版)

专题12阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）1.【2017年吉林省中考】阅读理解Weallknowthatmanyinventionshavechangedourlifealot.Theyplayimportantrolesinourdailylife.Herearesomeinterestinginventions.MorpherPeoplerefusetowearhelmetsbecausethey’rethickandheavy.Morpherisabikehelmetmadeofplastic.Itisjustasstrongastraditionalhelmets,butitcanbefoldedalmostcompletelyflat,makingiteasiertocarry.Morphermaybeavailableforsaleinstoresinthenearfuture.HyperAdaptHaveyoueverseenthemovieBacktotheFuture?Maybeeveryonewantsthepairofshoesinthemoviethatcantightenorloosenbythemselves.Now,thankstotheShoeFactory,thedreamisrealized.Whenyoupushabuttonontheshoe,HyperAdaptcantightenorloosenaroundthefeet.FlyteFlyteisalightbullsthatcanfloat（漂浮）andturn.FlytehasbeenpopularwithmostpeoplesinceitcameoutinJanuary.Thecompanyalsointroducedalotofsimilarproducts,includingaplanter,lyfe,whichcameoutinJune.LittlePrinterItlookslovelyandiscalledLittlePrinter.Thismachinecanprintnewsheadlines（摘要）,riddlesandotherthingsonaroll（卷）ofpaper.Ifyouwanttomakeyourownlittlenewspaper,don’tforgettouseit.阅读上面的信息，选择正确答案。（5分）56.Morpherismadeof______.A.steelB.plasticC.goldD.wood57.What’sthemainuseoftheLittlePrinter?A.Toprotectourheadsmoresafely.B.Totightenorloosenbythemselvesaroundthefeet.C.TofloatandturninthewaterD.Toprintnewsheadlines,riddlesandotherthings.58.Theunderlinedword“button”means______inChinese.A.按钮B.门铃C.电梯D.键盘59.Whatkindofinventioncanfloatinthepassage?A.Morpher.B.LittlePrinter.C.Flyte.D.HyperAdapt.60.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A.MaybeeveryonewantsthepairofshoesinthemovieBacktotheFuture.B.YoucanmakeyourownlittlenewspaperwiththeLittlePrinter.C.FlytehasbeenpopularwithmostpeoplesinceitcameoutinFebruary.D.Morphercanbefoldedalmostcompletelyflat,makingiteasiertocarry.2.【2017年吉林省中考】阅读理解Maybeyouprideyourselvesononlysleepingafewhoursanight.However,areyoufeelingtiredandsleepythroughouttheday?Doyouhaveahardtimekeepingyoureyesopenasyoustudy?Haveyounoddedoffwhiledriving?Ifyoucananswer“Yes”toanyofthese,itshowsyoucouldnothaveenoughsleep.Itissuggestedthatmostadultsneedseventoninehours’sleep.Asforteens,theyneedevenmore.Ifyouaren’tgettingenoughsleep,youshould:Avoidcaffeine（咖啡因）Youshouldavoiddrinkingcaffeinateddrinkssuchascoffee,teaandsodaforatleast10hoursbeforeyougotobed.AvoideatingbigmealsbeforesleepingEatingabigmealcanmakeyoufeelsleepy,anditcanmakeyoufeeluncomfortableandpreventyoufromsleepingwell.BuildahealthysleepenvironmentWiththelighton,canyouhaveagoodsleep?Ofcoursenot,andyou’dbetterkeepyourbedroomdarkandcool.AvoidusingelectronicsbeforebedThelightfromelectronicscankeepyoufromfallingasleep.Tryreadingorlisteningtoquietmusicinstead.Pleasegetenoughsleepfromnowon.根据短文内容填空，每空不超过3个词。（5分）GetenoughsleepTheresultsoflacking（缺乏）sleepItmakesyoufeeltiredandsleepythroughouttheday.It’seasytokeepyoureyes76asyoustudy.Youmaynodoffwhiledriving.Thetimeofsleeping★Mostadultsneedseventoninehours’sleepwhileteensneed77.Theadviceofsleeping★You’dbetteravoiddrinkingcaffeinateddrinks78coffee,teaandsoda.★Stop79beforesleeping,andyoucanfeelcomfortable.★Keepyourbedroomdarkandcool.★Tryreadingorlisteningtoquietmusic80usingelectronicsbeforebed.3.【2017年江苏省苏州市中考】请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Doyouhavebrownhair?Areyoutallerthanotherkidsyourage?Thesecharacteristicsweredecidedbeforeyouwereborn.Yougotyourtraitsfromyourparents.Theypassedtheirtraitsontoyouthroughgenes(基因).Genescarrycodes(代码)forblueeyesorbrowneyes.Genessayhowtallyouwillgetandwhatcolorhairyouwillhave.Yougothalfofyourgenesfromyourmother.Yougothalfofyourgenesfromyourfather.Soyouhaveyourownsetofgenes.Eachpersongetsdifferentgenesforeachbodypart.Thatiswhyyoulooklikebutnotexactlylikeyourbrotherorsister.Adominant(显性的)geneshowsupmostofthetime.BrowneyesaredominantoverHaveyoueverseenacarwithoutadriver?Itsoundscrazy,butthesecomputer-drivendriverlesscarswillsoonbefillingroadsnearyou.CompanieslikeGoogleandTeslahavebeendesigningandtestingthesecars,andthetechnologyisthere.Sohow?Thecarshavesensors（感应器）allaroundwhichcanfindothercarsandobjectsintheroad.Roadsignsarereadbycameras,andsatellitenavigationsystems（卫星导航系统）areusedsothecarknowshowtogetwhereyouwanttogo.Allyouhavetodoistypeintheaddress!Finally,acentralcomputersystemtakesinalltheinformationthatitreceivesfromthesensorsandcamerasandworksoutwhentospeedup,stopandturn.Soundlikeyourideaofheaven（天堂）?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmorreadingabookwhile‘driving’wouldbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Youwouldn’thavetoworryaboutrememberingdirectionstowhereyou’regoing.Inaddition,computerswouldalsodrivemoresafelythanpeople—theywouldobeytherulesandhavequickeractiontimeswhenindangeroussituations.However,therearemanydrawbacksofdriverlesscars.Computerswouldhavedifficultiesmakingethical（道德的）decisions:ifachildranintotheroad,wouldthecomputerchoosetohitthechildorturnsuddenlyandpotentiallykillthecar’spassengers?Moreover,Ipersonallyfinddrivingfun–I’dmissneverdrivingacarmyself.Therewouldalsobemanyotherdecisionstobemade–shouldchildren,ordrunkpeople,beallowedinadriverlesscarbythemselves?Orwouldthereneedtobeapersonwithadrivinglicenseinthecaratalltimes?I’mnotcertainI’dwantadriverlesscar–butit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethey’llbecomemoreaffordableandpopularonourroads.42.Whenusingadriverlesscar,youneedonly.A.readtheroadsignscarefullyB.checkthecamerasC.puttheaddressintothecomputerD.rememberthedirections43.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusabouttheofdriverlesscars.A.instructionsB.standardsC.advantagesD.tests44.Theunderlinedword“potentially”inParagraph4means““.A.possiblyB.successfullyC.especiallyD.naturally45.What’sthewriter’sopinionaboutfuturedriverlesscars?A.They’llcausemoreaccidents.B.They’llbelessexpensive.C.They’lluselessenergy.D.They’llrunmuchfaster.7.【2017年湖北省随州市中考】阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。AreyouaTVlover?CanyouimaginelivingwithoutTV?Well,youcouldgiveitatry.AgroupofAmericansfromTV-TurnoffNetwork（网络）haveanidea.FromApril19to25,theyareaskingchildrenallovertheworldtoturnofftheirTVsforoneweek.Theyhopechildrenwillfindmoreinterestingthingstodo.Maybetheycanreadsomebooks,orlearntoswim,orpaintapicture.Since1995,about24millionpeopleinAmericahavetakenpartinTV-TurnoffWeek.TV-TurnoffNetworksayswatchingTVtoomuchcanbringchildrenbigproblemswithschool,healthandfamily.TheywantkidstowatchalotlessTV.Whatdoyouthink?BadforyourstudiesAmericanscientistsdidastudyof1,300children.Theywatchedthechildrenforfouryears.TheysaythatifchildrenwatchlotsofTV,theydon’tdowellinschool.BadforyourhealthStudiesshowthatwhenchildrenwatchlotsofTV,theyeatmoreunhealthyfood.Morechildrenaregettingoverweight.Overweightchildrenbecomewillillmoreeasily.WatchingtoomuchTVisalsobadfortheireyes.BadforfamilylifeAbout40%ofAmericanfamilieswatchTVatdinnertime.Thatmeansthattheydon’ttalkverymuchwhentheyeattogether.Also,toomanyviolent（暴力的）thingsAnAmericanstudysaysthatbeforeachildturns18yearsold,thatchildwillsee200,000violentthingsonTV.Somekidsbecomeviolentinreallife.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthisunusualweek,youcangotothisWebsite:.62.WhenisTV-TurnoffWeek?A.FromApril19to25.B.AnyweekinApril.C.ThefirstweekinApril.D.Itdoesn’ttellus.63.Whatdochildrendoduringthatweek?A.TheywatchTVmuchless.B.Theygotothiswebsite,.C.Theyreadsomebooks,orlearntoswim,orpaintapicture.D.BothAandC.64.ThepassagetellspeopleifchildrenwatchtoomuchTV,theymay______.①beoverweight②knowmoreabouttheworld③beweakinstudy④becomeviolentinreallifeA.①②③B.①③④C.①②④D.①②③④65.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.MillionsofpeoplehavetakenpartinTV-TurnoffWeeksince1995.B.TheWebsite.cantellyoumoreaboutTV-TurnoffWeek.C.ChildreninAmericaaren’tallowedtoseeviolentthingsonTVuntiltheyare18.D.AboutthreefifthsofAmericanfamiliesdon’twatchTVwheytheyhavedinner.8.【2017年山东省威海市中考】阅读B篇，从文后每小题A、B、C选项中选择最佳答案。请将答案编号涂卡。ManycluldreninEnglandgetgivenlunchatschoolTherearcnewnilesaboutwhalchildrenmaybegwenfortheselunches.Thereasonforthisistogwechildrenhealthierfood.Therearemanyfoodsthatchildrenaren’tallowedtoeatandthey’reonlyallowedtoeatsmallamountsoffattyorsweetfood.Ifyouwereataschoolthere,youmighthearthisconversationasyouwaitforyourlunch.Josh:Whatsforlunch?Iwantchips.Dinnerlady:Nochipstoday.You’vehadchipstwicethisweekalready.Josh:Oh!OK,I’llhaveachickenpiewithgravy.Dinnerlady:No,sorry.You’vehadapastrydish(油酥食品)oncethisweekalready.Josh:Really!Ohyes,onMonday.Well,whatcanIhavel?I’dlikepastaandsauce.Dinnerlady:No,sorry.Pastacountsas(算作)apastrydishSoyoucan’thavethat,either.You‘vehadtwopastrydishesthisweek-ameatpieandapizza.Youcanhavevegetablesorsalad.Themeatballsarenicetoday.Josh:Allright.I’llhavemeatballsandsteamedvegetables.Ihopethey’retasty.Dinnerlady:They’regoodforyou!Josh:ImissmychipsThey’remyfavorite.Iusedtohavethemeveryday.Beforethesenewrulescamein.Dinnerlady:Well,that’swhytheseruleswerebroughtin.Toomanychildrenwereeatingjunkfood,especialychips.Childrenlikechips,buttheyaren’tahealthychoice.Josh:I’llhaveanapplejuicewiththat,please.Dinnerlady:OK,butitsonly150ml.Youaren’tallowedmorethanthatasjuicehassugarinit.Thenewrulesencourageyoutodrinkwater.Nosoftdrinksatall.Studentscannothavemorethantwoportions(价额)aweekoffoodthathasbeendeep-fired.Theymusthaveatleastthreedifferentfruitsandthreedifferentvegetableseveryweek.Wholegrainssuchasbrownbreadaretobegiven,insteadof"white"grains.Theserulesaretoteachhealthyeatingandtostopchildrenputtingontoomuchweight.Thiswillmakesurethatmorepeoplearehealthyinthefuture.6.Thenewrulesaboutgwenluncharebroughtinto__________.A.givecluldrenhealthierfoodB.sellfruitandvegetablesC.helpstudentssavemoneyWhatdidJoshhaveforlunchintheconversation?Chips.B.AchickenpiewithgravyC.Meatballsandsteamedvegetables.8.Thenewrulesencouragechildrentohave__________aweekA.150mlsoftdrinksB.3portionsofdeep-firedfoodC.morethan3kindsofvegetables9.ManychildreninEnglandgetgivenlunch.Inthatway,children.A.caneatwhatevertheylikeB.mustchoosefoodbyrulesC.canputonweightquickly10Thepassageisabout__________.A.healthyschoollunchesB.howtoorderfoodC.schoolrules8.【2017甘肃省白银市中考】阅读以下短文，从文后表格中选出文中每段的小标题；根据短文内容回答第55小题。Doyoulikewinter?It’sthecoldestseasonofayear.Herearesomethingseveryoneshouldknowaboutwinter.51Winteristheseasonwhenthetemperturedrops,snowscoverstheground.Whenthetempertureisbelowzero,waterfreesesandiceforms.52Afteraheavysnowfall,childrenplayinthesnow.Theybuildsnowhouses,makesnowmenandhavesnowballfights.Peoplealsoenjoyskiing,skating,andsleddinginthewinter.53Thecoldweathercanalsobedangerous;peopleslipontheiceandcarsslidedownhillsknockingintoeachother.Somepeoplealsocatchacoldwhentheystayoutinthecold.54Becausewinterissocold,peoplehavetofindwaystokeepwarm.Peoplewearheavycoats,scarfsfortheirnecks,glovesfortheirhands,andbootsontheirfeet.Childrendrinkhotchocolatewhentheycomeinfromthecold.Andfamiliessitaroundthefireworkatnightandtalkaboutwhattheydidduringtheday.A.WinterDangers:B.WinterWeather:C.KeepWarm:D.WinterFun:55.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Manypeoplelikewinterbest.B.Winterhasalotoffestivels.C.Thesportspeopleshouddoinwinter.D.Thingsweshouldknowaboutwinter.9.【2017湖北省鄂州市中考】阅读下面四篇材料，根据其内容，选择正确答案或完成阅读任务。In1901,anAustrianscientistdiscoveredthattherearefourtypesofblood.HenamedthemA、B、ABandO.Peoplehaveoneofthesefourtypes.BloodtypeOisthemostcommonaroundtheworld.BloodtypeAisthesecondmostcommon,andbloodtypeABistheleastcommon.In1927,aJapanesedoctorfoundthatpeoplewithdifferentbloodtypeshavedifferentpersonalities(性格)，too.HesaidthatpeoplewithtypeAbloodareusuallycalmandserious;peoplewithtypeBbloodarecheerfulandoutgoing;peoplewithtypeObloodaregenerousandhonest;whilethosewithtypeABbloodareoftencaringandtalented.Morerecently,adoctorintheUnitedStateswroteabookthatconnectsbloodtypeswithwhatpeopleeat.ThebooksuggestspeoplewithtypeObloodshouldeatmoremeatandlessbread.AdietforpeoplewithtypeAbloodincludesmorevegetables.Hisbook,EatRightforYourType,hasbeenahitwithpeoplewhowanttoloseweight.However,Dr.PeterD’Adamobelievesthateatingfoodthatmatchesaperson’sbloodtypewillmakethepersonhealthierinotherways,too.（59题三词，其余各题均两词）Peoplewithdifferent56havedifferentpersonalities.TypeA1.Peoplearecalmandserious.2.Peopleshouldeat57.TypeBPeoplearecheerfulandoutgoing.581.Itistheleastcommontype.2.Peoplearecaringandtalented.TypeO1.Peopleare59.2.Peopleshouldeatmoremeatandlessbread.Ifpeopleeatfoodthatmatchesaperson’sbloodtype,theywill60.10.【2017湖北省鄂州市中考】阅读下面四篇材料，根据其内容，选择正确答案或完成阅读任务。Bambooisoneofthenature’smostsurprisingplants.(61)许多人称这种植物为树，但它是一种草。Likeotherkindsofgrass,abambooplantmaybecutverylowtotheground,butitwillgrowbackveryquickly.AJapanesescientistrecordedonebambooplantthatgrewalmost1.5metersin24hours!BamboogrowsalmosteverywhereintheworldexceptEurope.(62)Therearemorethan1,000kindsofbamboothatgrowaroundtheworldonbothmountainsandplains(平原).Notallbamboolooksthesame.Somebambooplantsareverythin.Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.Thisplantalsocomesindifferentcolors,fromyellowtoblacktogreen.ManyAsiancountrieshavebeenusingbambooforhundredsofyears.Theyoftenusebambooforbuildingnewbuildings.Asamatteroffact,thecables(绳索)thatholdupthehangingbridgeacrosstheMinRiverinSichuanaremadeofbamboo.Thebridgehasbeeninuseformorethan1,000years,andisstillholdingstrong.InAfrica,(63)engineersareteachingpoorfarmershowtousebambootofindwater.TheseAfricancountriesneedcheapwaystofindwaterbecause(64)theyhavenomoney,andtheirfieldsoftendiefromnorainandnowater.Itseemsthatbambooisoneofthebestthingstheycanuse.Bamboopipesanddrills(钻)canhelptomakethepoorthirstyfieldsbewatered.任务一：将61处翻译成英文。任务二：将62处翻译成中文。任务三：将63处改成复合句。任务四：写出64处“they”指代的内容。任务五：(65)找出该文段的中心句。11.【2017湖北省怀化市中考】阅读技能第一节阅读选择Teethareveryimportantforourhealth．Theywillbeourlifelongfriends．Soweshouldlearntoprotectthemataveryyoungage．Herearesometips：21·cn·jy·comFirst，weshouldeatright．•Don'teattoomuchcandyordrinktoomuchcola，orourteethwillgobadeasily．•Havemorecheese，milkandyogurttomaketeethstrong．•Eatmorevegetablesandfruitstohelpcleanteeth．Second，weshouldkeepthesenumbersinmind．•2DayBrushyourteethatleasttwiceaday：inthemorningandbeforebedtime．•2﹣3MinutesBrushforatleasttwotothreeminuteseverytime．•3MonthsGetanewtoothbrusheverythreemonths．•6MonthsGotothedentisteverysixmonthsforacheck﹣up．44．Ifwewanttoprotectourteeth，wemustprotectthem＿＿＿＿．A．attheageof12B．atanoldageC．ataveryyoungage45．Howoftenshouldwegotothedentist？A．Every6months．B．Everyyear．C．Everymonth．46．Howmaybrushesdoweneedinayearaccordingtothetext？A．One．B．Two．C．Four47．Whatcanhelpcleanourteeth？A．Candyandcola．B．Fruitandvegetables．C．Cheese，milkandyogurt．12.【2017江苏省南通市中考】Wespendaboutone-thirdofourlivesasleep.Thismaysoundlikealotoftime，butitisnotwasted.Ourbodiesneedsleeptostayhealthy.Notgettingenoughsleepcanmakeussick.Sleepandourimmune(免疫)systemTheimmunesystemprotectsthebodyfromdiseasesandinfections(传染).Notgettingenoughsleephurtsthisprotectivesystem.TheMayoClinicisaresearchhospitalintheUnitedStates.Itswebsiteexplainsthatwhenwesleepourbodiesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatsupportsleepandhelpusfightinfections.Theyaddthatinfection-fightingantibodies(抗体)arereducedduringperiodswhenyoudon’tgetenoughsleep.AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofWashingtonintheU.S.seemstoconfirmthis.Dr.NathanielWatsonwastheleadwriterofthestudy.Watsonsayshisstudyshowsthattheimmunesystemworksbestwhenthebodygetsenoughsleep.Forthestudy，Watsonandhisteamstudied11pairsoftwins.Thisisanimportantdifferencefromothersleepstudies.Otherresearchdidnotstudytwins.Researchersfoundthatthetwinwhosleptlesshadaweakerimmunesystem.Watsonsayshisstudyshowedforthefirsttimethatalong-termlack(缺乏)ofsleepshutsdownpartsoftheimmunesystem.Hesayspartsthatmovewhitebloodcellsaroundthebodyareinfluenced.Whitebloodcellsfightinfectionsinthebody.Watson’sstudyprovidesmoreevidence(证据)thatsleepisimportantto“overallhealth”.Andsleepisespeciallyimportanttoimmunehealth.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsinthemagazineSleep.Howmuchsleepisenough?Tostayingoodhealth，expertsattheMayoClinicsaythatadultsshouldget7to8hoursofsleep.Teenagersneed9to10hours.Andschool-agedchildrenmayneedmorethan10hoursofsleepanight.Expertssayoursleepbecomespoorinour30s.Bythetimewereachour50s，theaveragepersonhaslost50percentoftheirabilitytohavearestfulsleep.Thesepeoplealsohavetroublefallingasleepandstayingasleepthroughthenight.Frommiddleageon，theysaytheseproblemsonlygetworse，andtheycaninfluenceourhealth.Signsyoumaynotbegettingenoughsleep●You’realwayshungryoryou’vegainedweight.●Youhavetroublemakingdecisions.●Youhavetroublerememberingthings.●Yourskindoesn’tlookgood.●Youarehavingtroubleseeing.38.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphsweknowthat.A.itisawastetospendaboutone-thirdofourlivesasleepB.we’llbecomeseriouslyillifwedon’thaveenoughsleepC.enoughsleepdoesgoodtoinfection-fightingantibodiesD.immunesystemisprotectedwhenpeoplebegintosleep39.FromWatson’sstudy，weknow.A.enoughsleephelpstheimmunesystemworkwellB.thestudyoftwinsisakindofcommonsleepstudyC.twinsneedlesssleepbuthavestrongerimmunesystemD.sleepingforalongtimeisimportanttoimmunehealth40.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Peopledon’tneed7to8hoursofsleepanightintheirfifties.B.Thelessyousleepeverynight，themoreweightyou’lllose.C.Teenagersshouldgetmorethan10hoursofsleepanight.D.Ifyourmemorygetsworse，youmaynotgetenoughsleep.41.Whatwillprobablybewritteninthefollowingpart?A.HowtoimproveyoursleepB.Howimportantenoughsleepis!C.Howamazingifyoulookgood!D.Howtoavoidtroubleofseeing13.【2017重庆市中考】阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。Haveyoueverimaginedgoingtoothercountrieswithoutyourpaperpassport?Thatwillsooncometrue.Andyourpaperpassportwillbecomehistory.Youmayuseanewkindofpassportcalled“cloudpassport”inthefuture.It’sreportedthatAustraliawillbethefirstcountrytousethecloudpassport.Withthecloudpassport,youdon’thavetotakeapaperpassportwithyouallthetime.Thecloudpassportwillhaveyourname,photosandotherinformation.Andifyougotoothercountries,youcanjustchecktheinformationonthecomputer.Whenyoutakeapaperpassportwithyou,youmightloseit.Butwiththecloudpassport,youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.Doyouthinkthecloudpassportitagreatidea?Perhapsyouwillhaveitinthefuture,too.49.Youmayuseanewkindofpassportcalled“______passport”inthefuture.A.cloudB.paperC.historyD.photo50.It’sreportedthat________willbethefirstcountrytousethenewkindofpassport.A.ChinaB.AustraliaC.AmericaD.England51.Ifyouhavethecloudpassport,_________.A.youcantakeitwithyoueasilyB.youneedn’tworryaboutlosingitC.youcangotoAustraliafreelyD.youneedn’tgotoo