中国饮食文化词汇

#Introduction简介Themassesregardfoodastheirheaven民以食为天ChinesephilosopherConfucius中国先贤孔子dietandlove-making,allprimalneedsofeveryhumanbeing饮食男女，人之大欲之所存焉。epicureanlifestyle享乐主义生活方式culinarytechniques厨艺cookbook食谱Chinesecuisines中国美食pasta面团pastry糕点Beijing'slambhotpot(fondue)androastl北京涮I羊肉火锅和北京烤鸭principalfoods主食dietaryfibers膳食纤维thehotandheavilyspicedSichuanfood辛辣的四川食物sweetanddelicateHuaiyangfood甜而精致的淮扬菜color(aestheticbeauty),aroma,andtaste色香味aestheticism唯美主义scallion葱ginger姜garlic蒜cookingwine料酒；米酒aniseed八角cassiabark桂皮blackpepper黑胡椒sesameoil芝麻香油shiitakemushrooms香菇fry,stir-fry,roast炸，炒和烤steam,deep-fry,quick-fry,simmer蒸，深炸，快炒，煨soysauce酱油vinegar醋spices调味料spicypepper胡椒seasoning调料tomatoes番茄cucumber黄瓜elegantandintricatedecorations优雅精致的装饰calories卡路里cholesterol胆固醇foodandmedicinesharingthesameroots药食相通diseaseprevention防病healthpreservation养生balancednutritionalintake均衡的营养摄入mannersandcustoms风俗习惯etiquettes礼仪proactively主动的；积极地contemporaryChinese现代中国soothingandjoyoustopics安抚和快乐的话题Italianpizza意大利披萨Frenchgourmet法国美食Japanesesushi日本寿司Americanburgers美国汉堡Germanbeers德国啤酒Brazilianbarbeque巴西烧烤Indiancurry印度咖喱Swisscheese瑞士奶酪EatinChina吃在中国TraditionalFoods传统美食ecologicalenvironment生态环境populationvolume人口数量levelofproductivity生产力水平populationdensity人口密度statusquo现状mountainresidents山民springwater泉水terraces梯田originatingsource源头YellowRiverregion黄河流域foxtailmillet粟theYangtzeRiver长江；扬子江stickyornon-stickyrice黏米和糙米glutinoustypesofrice糯米agriculturalage农业时代principalfood主食HuangdiNeijing《黄帝内经》TheFiveGrainsaslifesupport,theFiveFruitsascomplimentaryaide,theFiveMeatsasaddedbenefits,andtheFiveVegetablesassubstantialfill五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充pod-bearingcrops豆荚作物prehistorictimes史前时期archeologicalsites考古遗址sorghum高粱GoodHarvestoftheFiveGrains五谷丰登beans大豆rice大米millet小米proteins蛋白质fattyacids脂肪酸carbohydrates碳水化合物buns馒头pancakes煎饼noodles面条stuffedbuns包子dumplings饺子wonton馄饨plainrice白米饭thinricenoodle米线thickricenoodles河粉ricecakes年糕stuffedglutinousriceballsinsoup糯米丸子汤steamed蒸baked烘烤fried炸dough-madefoods面食sesameseedcake芝麻饼air-dried风干boilingwaterorsoup沸水或沸汤Chinesefestivities中国节日theseconddayofthesecondmonth(lunarcalendar)农历二月二DragonWhiskerNoodles龙须面LongevityNoodles长寿面rolling滚rubbing摩擦stretching拉kneading揉curling卷pressing压slicing切flourfermentationtechniques面粉发酵技术steambasket蒸笼Chinesegriddlecookingutensils炊具，厨房用具plainsteamedbun/mantou馒头Plainsteamedrice白米饭Chineseporridge(congee)/zhou粥grains,vegetables,fruits谷物，蔬菜，水果flowers,herbsandmeats花卉，草药和肉类finefoods精细食物roughfoods粗粮corn玉米millet小米sorghum高粱buckwheat荞麦oats燕麦yams洋芋，山药，番薯beans豆类tofu/beancurd豆腐bureaucratsandtheliteraticlass官僚和文人阶级premiumsauces优质酱料soybeanoil豆油，大豆油vegetableseedoil菜籽油peanutoil花生油cornoil玉米油peaches桃子plums李子jujubes枣子，果胶软糖pears梨sourplums话梅apricots杏子hazelnuts榛子persimmons柿子melons瓜类hawthorns山楂mulberries桑树，桑葚Chinesewolfberries枸杞子Chinesecrabapplescherries樱桃temperatezones温带ceremonialofferingstangerines橘子，金橘shaddock(pomelo)柚子mandarinoranges蜜桔oranges柑橘，橙子lichee荔枝longan龙眼loquat枇杷redbayberries杨梅fishing-and-huntingsociety渔猎社会sacrificialanimals祭祀动物sacrificialrituals祭祀仪式horse,cattle,sheep,chicken,dogandpig马，牛，羊，鸡，狗，和猪beef牛肉mutton羊肉lamb羔羊肉poultrybreeding家禽繁种veggies蔬菜Chinesecabbage大白菜turnip萝卜，白萝卜radish萝卜eggplant茄子cucumber黄瓜peas豌豆Chinesechive(leek)韭菜waxgourd冬瓜ediblefungi食用菌appetizers开胃菜nutritionalintake营养摄入provision供应品，规定，条款Grape葡萄pomegranate石榴sesame芝麻limabean青豆，立马豆walnut胡桃，核桃cucumber黄瓜watermelon西瓜muskmelon甜瓜carrot胡萝卜fennel茴香celery芹菜Chineseparsley(coriander)香菜Sunflowerseeds葵花子，瓜子mungbean绿豆Spinach菠菜EmperorTaizong(627-649A.D.)oftheTangDynasty唐太宗NorthernandSouthernDynasties(420-589A.D.)南北朝balsampear苦瓜redchilipeppers红辣椒hotpepper辣椒，小辣椒shark'sfin鱼翅bird'snest燕窝lavishfoods丰富的食物popsicle冰棒draftedandimplemented起草和实施Chicbuildingstyles别致的建筑风格Coffee-makingutensils咖啡器具ToolsoftheTradehairsandfeathers毛发和羽毛gourmetfoods美食chopsticks,knives,forksandspoons筷子，刀，叉和汤匙diningutensils餐饮用具culinarytechniquesanddietaryhabits烹饪技术和饮食习惯fromstoneandpotterytobronze,ironandothermetals从石器和陶器到青铜，铁和其它金属porcelain瓷器，陶瓷materialandcraftsmanship材料和工艺earthenware陶器pedestals基座，底座sacrificialrites祭礼wok锅，炒锅platesandbowls盘子和碗gunpowder火药compass指南针movable-typeprinting活字印刷术Thermoses热水瓶，保温瓶jadepot玉壶celadonporcelain青花瓷whiteporcelain白瓷blackporcelain黑瓷overglazeorunderglazeenameling釉上彩，釉下彩等上釉术pursuitofrefinement追求精致Indiansubcontinent印度次大陆legendarysagekings传说中的皇帝freeofgrease无脂的rudimentalform基本形式LambHotpot涮羊肉火锅Oracleboneinscription甲骨文archeologicalexcavations考古发掘longnoodles长寿面bean-starchnoodles豆粉面IllEating,theChinesewaythreemealsaday一日三餐refinementofdiningware精致的餐具richandexcellentculinarytechniques丰富而卓越的烹饪技术zhaoshi朝食bushi铺食Deep-friedTwistedDoughSticksandsoybeanmilk油条和豆浆thepaceoflifeforurbanChinesearegettingfasterandfaster中国城市居民的生活节奏越来越快switchover转换，替换banquetseat(mat)宴会的座位(坐垫)soup-filledbuns包子multi-tieredsmallmats多层小垫子eldersandyounglings,orthenobleandthevulgar年长和年轻的或尊贵的和低贱的wielded使用，行使tombsite墓址tableclothdrapes桌布窗帘roundstoolsorhighchairs圆凳高椅warmthandharmoniousatmosphere温暖和谐的氛围epicures美食家wholesteamedfish清蒸全鱼governmentandthegeneralpublic政府和普通公众buffets自助餐coldplatters冷盘appetizers开胃菜oily油的，油腔滑调的tantalizing撩人的，引逗性的WHomeGourmetforEveryonecommonhomegourmet家常美食abidesby遵守blandandidenticaltaste平淡无味tenet宗旨，信条homemadedishes家常菜tastebuds味蕾stuffedorplainsteamedbuns包子或馒头abowlofporridge(congee)一碗粥adishofpickledveggies一份咸菜wonton混沌hotsoupnoodle热汤面条stir-frieddishes炒菜deep-friedtwisteddoughstick炸油条soybeanmilk豆浆oatmeal燕麦片hamsandwiches火腿三文治Eggsandbeancurd鸡蛋和豆腐dairybeverage乳品principalfoodcomponents主要食物成分wheatflour小麦面粉cornflour玉米粉sorghumflour高粱粉soyflour大豆粉buckwheatflour荞麦面粉nakedoatmealflour燕麦粉stir-fried炒fried炸stewed炖steamed蒸braised焖simmered煨friedbeansauce炸酱mincedmeat碎肉soygravy豆汁dipping浸渍soupstock汤steamy热气腾腾的savory美味的steam蒸boil煮stir-fry炒roast烤deep-fry油炸simmer煨turnips红萝卜radishes水萝卜greenvegetables青菜beancurd豆腐street-sidevegetablemarket街边蔬菜市场driedvegetables干菜greenturnip青萝卜whiteturnip白萝卜carrot胡萝卜Chinesecabbage大白菜spinach菠菜rape油菜celery芹菜Chinesechive(leek)韭菜mustard芥菜soysauce酱油sesameoilsauce芝麻油MapoTofu麻婆豆腐mincedmeat肉末Chinesepricklyashpowder花椒粉meatdishes荤菜modernbreedingindustries现代养殖业stir-fried爆炒white-cutwithsaucetwice-cooked回锅steamedwithsauce蒸酱turnedupside-down翻炒steamedwithgroundrice蒸米粉boiledinhotoil沸油starch淀粉breedingchicken养殖鸡tonicdrink滋补饮料steamedorstewed清蒸或红烧clearsoup清汤simmeredwithsoysauce酱油炖white-cutwithdipping白切浸渍stewedinyellowwine与黄酒炖compiledinto编撰成Beijing(Peking)RoastDuck北京烤鸭Jiangsu-Zhejiangarea江浙一带SaltyWateredDuck咸水鸭LaobaoDuck老鸨鸭braised红烧barbecuebeeforlamb烤牛肉或烤羊肉“rinsing”inaboilinghotpot涮火锅driedorpickledvegetables干菜或咸菜prolongedstorage长期存放tastyappetizingtreat美味可口的美食VFoodsandFestivities食物和节日woodenbowl木碗theXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion新疆维吾尔自治区theChineseNewYear中国农历新年SpringFestival春节feastactivity宴请ChineseNewYear'sEve除夕kneadingthedough和面mixingthefilling拌馅rollingthewrap擀皮wrapping包馅boilthedumplings煮饺子biddingfarewelltothepastandwelcomingthenew除旧迎新theLanternFestival元宵节ignitingfirecrackers放鞭炮makingyuanxiao(stuffedglutinousrice-balls)做元宵porkisminced剁碎猪肉sesameoil香油scallion葱marinade腌制品mincedlamborbeef碎牛肉或碎羊肉seacucumber海参shrimp虾bestelasticity好弹性tender,juicy,andslippery细嫩、多汁和光滑tantalizingaroma诱人的香气reedleaves芦苇叶glutinousriceflourcakeornoodles糯米粉糕或糯米面条festivedecor节日装饰themajorstreetsandnarrowalleyways大街小巷stickyrice糯米osmanthus桂花beanpaste豆沙sesameseeds芝麻dryflour干面粉thefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth农历五月初五theDragonBoatFestival端午节Zhongkui,thedemon-chaser钟馗，驱魔真君wardoffevil辟邪hangupmugwortleaves悬挂艾草yellowwine黄酒fragrancebags香袋jujubes枣beanpaste豆沙preservedfruits果脯sweetandsaltyflavors咸甜口味theMid-autumnFestival中秋节mooncake月饼roundshape圆形themooncakesymbolizesunion月饼象征着团员brightroundmoon圆月fivenuts五仁lotusseedpaste莲蓉eggyolk蛋黄beanpaste豆沙crystalsugar冰糖sesameseed芝麻ham火腿traditionalBeijing-stylemooncakes老北京式月饼TheSuzhou-stylemooncake苏州式月饼TheCantonese-stylemooncake广式月饼theseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth农历二月二DragonWhiskersNoodles龙须面PureandBrightFestival(Tomb-SweepingDay)寒食节，清明节theDeadSpirits鬼魂DoubleNinthFestival九月九Chao&ShanregioninGuangdongProvince广东潮汕地区theeighthdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth农历腊八labaporridge腊八粥lotusroots莲藕lotusseeds莲子waterchestnuts菱角redjujubes红枣chestnuts栗子porridgeingredients粥原料peachkernel桃仁almond杏仁sunflowerseed葵花籽peanut花生pinenut松子brownsugar红糖therapeuticeffects疗效benefitingthespleen健脾stimulatingappetite益胃replenishingqi(chi)益气cleansingblood利血fightingcoldweather抗寒tonicfood滋补食物WDelicaciesfromAllOver各地美食bearpaws熊掌bird'sne燕窝Shark-wing鱼翅seacucumbers海参elephanttrunk象鼻camel'shump驼峰deertail鹿尾monkeybrain猴脑flavoredjuices调味果汁braisedorstewed红烧或炖esculentswift金丝燕seasidecliffs海边悬崖smallfish小鱼shrimp小虾seaweed海藻thenestismadeofthebird'ssaliva燕窝由鸟的唾液形成Shark-wing鱼翅premiumtonicfood上好的滋补食物grandceremonialbanquets盛大的宴会wildanimalpreservation野生动物保护geologicalandclimaticconditionsandresources地质和气候条件和资源Chinesecuisines中国美食SuchasLu,Chuan,Yue,Su,Jing,Min,Zhe,Xiang,Hui鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、苏菜、京菜、闽菜、浙菜、湘菜、徽菜Southissweet,northissalty;eastisspicyandwestissour南甜、北咸、东辣、西酸Quanjude全聚德Bianyifang便宜坊uniquestrongpoints独特优势sweetnoodlesauce甜面酱scallionthreads葱丝rawfreshlambandvealslices鲜羊肉和小牛肉片color,smell,taste,shapeandsupplementaryingredients色香味形和补充材料bubblinghotpot沸火锅flowersofChinesechive韭菜花hotpepperoil辣椒油mincedscallion葱花Chineseparsleypowder香菜末smallsesameseedcakes小烧饼theDog-Won't-EatStuffedBuns狗不理包子TheTianjinSesameTwist天津麻花the18-StreetGrandTwists十八街麻花Guifaxiang桂发祥fish,shrimpsandcrabs鱼虾蟹boilingandsimmering煮煨flavoring调味品tender,fragrantandcrispy嫩香脆blueprint蓝图theJiaodongregion胶东地区headchefs主厨lotusroots莲藕wealthymerchants富商terracottawarriors兵马俑theGreatWildGoosePagoda大雁塔historicalsites历史遗迹SoakedBunsinMuttonSoup羊肉泡馍dumplingfeasts饺子宴steamed,boiled,deep-friedandfrieddumplings蒸饺、煮饺、炸饺、煎饺finesupplementaryingredientsanduniqueshapes精美的菜码和独特的形状BeefandStretchedNoodles牛肉拉面LambInnardsSoup羊杂汤lambkabobs烤羊肉串theroastwholelamb烤全羊“theHeavenlyState”—Sichuan天府之国—四川pungentandhotflavor辛辣scallion葱ginger姜garlic蒜hotpepper辣椒blackpepper黑胡椒staraniseed八角vinegar醋thickbroad-beansauce豆瓣酱fermentedricesoup米酒sour,sweet,bitter,pungent,mouth-numbing,fragrantandsalty酸甜苦辣麻香甜YuxiangPork(porkinfragrantspicysauce)鱼香肉丝Twice-CookedPork回锅肉BeanJellyinChiliOil辣粉MapoTofu(hotandspicybeancurd)麻婆豆腐(麻辣豆腐)FuQiFeipian夫妻肺片street-sidesnacks街边小吃FragrantSkewers香辣串Numb-hot(mala)RabbitHead麻辣兔子头NoodlesinChiliOil(DanDanNoodle)担担面Numb-hot(mala)Hotpot麻辣火锅BoiledFishinXhiliOil水煮鱼waningoffcoldandwetness防寒抗湿hotandpungentflavor辛辣boil,roast,andsteamtomakehotandsour煮烤蒸charredandmouth-numbing熏和麻freshandfragrant新鲜芳香crispyandtender香酥嫩smoked熏cured治愈refinedandmeticulousprocess精致而细致的过程aquaticproducts水产品ChickeninDryHotpot干锅炒鸡FishinSourSoup酸菜鱼HuajiangDogMeat花江狗肉fungi真菌wildfungi野生菌naturalandfreshflavors自然清新的味道tonicmeals滋补食物coastalprovinces沿海省份piquancy辛辣mildfoods温和食物thedeltaofthePearlRiver珠三角waterroutes水路borderingon接壤BuddhaJumpOvertheWall佛跳墙FishBallsinClearSoup清汤鱼丸SeaClamsQuick-boiledinChickenSoup鸡汤海哈ChickenDiceinDistiller'sGrainssnackfoods小吃，休闲食品cutting,boiling切、煮supplementaryingredients菜码seasonings调味料theDazhaCrabfromYangchengLake阳澄湖大闸蟹Salt-PreservedFlatDucks腌酱鸭“sweetness”and“stench.”甜、臭crystalsugarpowder冰糖粉odorous芳香Wuxifood无锡美食Ningbofood宁波美食enchanting妖娆的record-breaking破纪录的theDongPoPorkLeg东坡肉腿WestLakeSweetandSourFish西湖糖醋鱼YellowRiverCarpbanquet黄河鲤鱼宴fadedaway消失snackstofullfeasts小吃全宴exoticfare异国风味alongandluxuriousjourney漫长豪华的旅程street-sidesnacks街边小吃WDiningwiththeMinorities少数民族饮食geographicalenvironments地理环境climate,naturalresources气候、自然资源religiousfaiths宗教信仰socialandhistoricalelements社会历史因素minoritynationalities少数民族dairyproducts奶制品milktea奶茶minoritynationalities少数民族frigidclimates寒冷的气候humidregions湿润地区awkwardsituations艰难处境dislodgesfromthehorse下马TheMongoliannationality蒙古族hand-servedlamb手抓羊肉succulentlamb多汁羊肉Hada（longpiecesofwhitesilksymbolizingpurity,loyaltyandrespect长长的白纱象征着纯洁、忠诚和尊敬）哈达butteredtea酥油茶thePerissodactylaorder奇蹄类动物odd-toed单脚goose鹅poultry家禽Artiodactylas偶蹄类moldordecompose发霉或分解driedbeefjerky风干牛肉干ventedareas通风区dietaryhabits饮食习惯multifariousandvivid繁杂而生动dried,smoked,curedandotherpreservedfoods干、熏、腌和其它腌制食品corn玉米millet小米yam山药cassava木薯taroroot芋头kidneybeans芸豆ploughlands犁地thestickyricecake糯米糕bambootuberice竹筒饭SourSoup酸辣汤poundingrice舂米ricesoup米汤beancurd豆腐sourpot酸辣锅wineyeast酒酵母fermentation发酵distillation蒸馏storage储藏cellar地窖pickledChinesecabbage腌白菜pickledbambooshoots腌竹笋curedpork熏猪肉curedfish熏鱼Themanshallnotbelazy;theladyshallnotbeover-indulgedinhavingfun男人不偷懒，女人不溺乐goodstickyrice优质糯米excellentmarinadefish优质腌泡汁鱼themountainsarefulloftreasuresfordiligentpeople勤奋的人有满山宝藏preservedduck腌制鸭子meatpaste肉酱pickledginger腌姜Ding-dingCandy丁丁糖SteamedCakes蒸蛋糕Bean-starchNoodles豆粉条Zongzi(stickyricecakewrappedinreedleaf)粽子(芦苇叶包裹的糯米糕)realgarwine雄黄酒TorchFestival火把节Mid-autumnFestival中秋节WhiteCakes白色蛋糕DrunkenCakesDoubleNinthFestival重阳节teemingwith充满了animalinnards动物内脏ChickenGallbladderWine鸡胆酒ChickenInnardsWine鸡内脏酒PorkLiverWine猪肝酒swallowed吞食chickeninnards鸡内脏porkliver猪肝freshness,fragrance,crispinessandtenderness新鲜、清香、松脆、柔滑piquantflavor辛辣味marinade腌料preserved腌制boiledinsoups用汤煮marinadebeefthreads腌制牛肉条rawtripe生肚子rawfishslices生鱼片preservedvegetables腌菜Chinesecabbage白菜stingingpungency辛辣fragrant,sweet,sour,hotandsalty香甜酸辣咸Koreanpickledfoods韩国泡菜Chinesefolkfoods中国民间食物dogsleds狗拉雪橇boiledwater开水potatothreads薯条mungbeansprouts绿豆芽chilioil辣椒油fragrant香fresh鲜tendertexture柔嫩的质地primaldietarytradition传统饮食roedeerfeast狍子宴snowharemeat雪兔肉pheasants野鸡adamantly坚决地doughcakes面饼flapjacks煎饼stuffedbuns包子dumplings饺子soupnoodles汤面noodlesmixedwithsauceandtoppings酱面条SteamedLamb清蒸羊肉LambSimmeredinYellowSauce酱焖羊肉LambTendons羊肉筋Donglaishun东来顺Hongbinlou鸿宾楼Kaorouji烤肉季muttonkabobs羊肉串WTheEtiquettesofDining用餐礼仪etiquettes礼仪diningetiquettes用餐礼仪headseats上座north-southorientation南北向east-westseats东西方位southernseat南向坐orientedandaligned定向对齐infelicity不恰当、不吉利peacefulexpressionintheface面容安详longsleeves长袖子Afterbeingseated落座后AntonChekhov安东•契科夫tavernowner酒馆老板bartenders调酒师numerousandtedious纷繁繁琐aroundofcourtliness一套寒暄directlyfacingtheentrancedoortotheroom直面屋门口maternalgrandmother外祖母paper-cutartwork剪纸艺术drinkfirsttoshowrespect先干为敬hostandguests宾客lowalcoholtolerance低酒量riceandpasta米饭面食soups,alcoholandbeverages汤、酒和饮料roastedmeats烤肉seasoning调料vinegar,soysauce,scallionandgarlic醋、酱油、葱和蒜hotentrees主菜diner'sappearan（食相standproperly,sitproperlyandeatproperly站有站相、坐有坐相、吃有吃相respectingtheseniorandcherishingchildren尊老爱幼courtliness礼让、恭谦talkcheerfullyandhumorously谈笑风生taciturn沉默寡言pockmarks麻子devourravenously贪婪吞食slurp啧啧声sloppy草率的，粗心的tedious乏味restrictfreedom限制自由uncivilizedacts不文明行为KTheArtofTea茶艺firewood,rice,oil,salt,soysauce,vinegarandtea柴米油盐酱醋茶vitamins维生素theine咖啡碱fluorides氟化物improvevision,clearthemind清脑醒目benefitdiureticfunctions利尿prolonglife延年益寿benefithealth有益健康southwest西南thesub-tropicalmountainousarea亚热带山区wildteatrees野生茶树relievedrowsiness缓解瞌睡meditating沉思的、冥想的helpwithdigestion帮助消化highlynobleimperialfamilies尊贵的皇室家庭laborworkers劳动Improvementsinqualityofthetealeaves茶叶质量的改进thepromotionoftheartoftea-drinking饮茶艺术的推广EastIndiaCompany东印度公司Sino-Britishtradedeficits中英贸易赤字OpiumWars鸦片战争nomadicnationalities游牧民族plucked采摘greentea绿茶red(black)tea红茶oolongtea乌龙茶meticulouspickingmethods细致的采摘过程exquisitetreatmentprocess精致的加工程序cruciallink重要的联系freshteabuds新茶芽Throughdryheatingorsteaming经过热烘和蒸烘twiddledinto捻成verdurous碧绿的、葱绿的WestLakeLongjing西湖龙井LongtingLakeBiluochun龙庭胡碧螺春MountHuangMaofeng黄山毛峰茶MengdingGanlu蒙顶甘露MountLuYunwuTea庐山云雾茶XinyangMaojian信阳毛尖Liu'anGuapian六安瓜片darkreddishtint暗红色调flowerfragrance花香ripefruitfragrance果香maltsugarfragrance麦芽香redtea红茶withering枯萎的kneaded,fermented,dried捏合、发酵、干烘chemicalreactions化学反应QimenRed(black)Tea祁门红茶NinghongGongfuTea宁波功夫茶FujianMinhong福建闽红oolongtea乌龙茶uniqueChinesespecialty独特的中国特色TieGuanyin(literallytheIronBodhisattva)铁观音sweetnessandfragrance香甜芳香huacha(flowertea)花茶Pu'er普洱frolic欢乐、嬉戏嬉闹individual'spersonality个人性格levelofself-cultivation修养水平pluckingof采摘gmQingmingFestival清明节lightjadegreen浅绿翡翠色acerbity酸涩，刻薄theGuyusolarterm谷雨节气moisteningofcrops滋润谷物pre-raintea雨前茶pre-mingtea明前茶compressedtea压缩茶叶Chrysanthemumtea菊花茶discern辨别gmLuYu(733-804A・D・)陆羽ChaJing《茶经》mingzhanliterallymeaning“teawar.”明战prevailingtrend流行趋势Fromkings,generalsandprimeministerstothecommonfolks从帝王将相到平民百姓duke王爷、公爵fragranceandsmoothness芳香、光滑blackporcelainteacups黑瓷茶杯blueporcelain蓝瓷senseoftouch,sight,smellandtaste触觉、视觉、嗅觉和味觉aprofoundimpact深远的影响thedevelopmentofChineseteaculture中国茶文化的发展sampling,evaluationandinspection取样、评估和检验thewaterquality,temperature,quantityandthetypeoftea水质、水温、水量和茶的种类betakenintoaccount考虑到freshsoftwater纯净软水100degreesCelsius100摄氏度teaware茶具zisha(literally“purplesand”)earthenwarepots紫砂壶thebestutensil最好的器具claypots陶壶artisticenjoyment艺术享受self-cultivationandenlightenment修身养性和启示refined精炼的、精确的maroon-coloredclay栗色陶土rawbasematerial原料基材brownish-purplepot粽紫砂壶primitive原始的simplisticauraofelegance简单优雅的光环literatiandrefinedscholars文人雅士redclayteapots红粘土砂壶discusshape铁饼形状unsanitary不卫生的difficulttomaintaintemperature难以维持的温度lowconductivityofheat低导热性watervapor水蒸气aficionados迷，狂热爱好者“potterycity”-Yixing陶都一宜兴thecommonboundaryofJiangsu,ZhejiangandAnhuiprovinces江浙皖三省交界exoticforms异国情调simplisticelegance简单优雅thebenchmarkforteaware茶具标准exquisiteteapots精致的茶具gongfutea功夫茶crafted精心制作的upscale高档的，高级的whiteporcelaincups白瓷杯treatingarrivingguestswithtea以茶待客dothetrick玩弄伎俩theindexandmiddlefingers食指和中指resideoverseasuse在海外居住使用abidesby遵守congruentwith与・・•一致，与・・•适合harmoniousthoughts和谐思想Ping-Pongballsize乒乓球大小color,fragranceandtaste色香味rinsing漂洗teahouse茶馆seven-tenthsfull七分饱thethickesttea最浓的茶rinseone'smouthwithcoolwater清水漱口bitterandastringent又苦又涩astringent收敛药，止血药cafesandbars咖啡馆和酒吧freshflowers鲜花bonsaitrees盆景树backgroundmusic背景音乐folkarts民间艺术liveentertainment现场表演operatheatres戏剧剧院TeaGardens茶园DawanCha(LargeBowlTea)大碗茶teabowl,standandlid茶碗、茶碟和茶盖long-mouthedbronzepots长嘴青铜壶modernwhite-collaredprofessionals现代白领专业人士purifytheheart净化心灵mundanesociety世俗社会fullofblatancyandflippancy充满喧哗和躁动XWine,theBeverageofRomance浪漫饮品一酒alcoholdrinks酒精饮料allnationalitiesoftheworld世界上所有民族distillationmachines蒸馏机Chinesealcohol-makinghistory中国造酒历史yellowwine黄酒ricewine米酒grapewine葡萄酒beer啤酒Dukangisworshipped崇拜杜康thegodofwine酒仙oraclebone甲骨文bronzeinscriptions金文asofferingstoancestors祭祀祖先archeologicalexcavations考古发掘archaictombs古老的墓葬BeijingPalaceMuseum北京故宫博物院yeast酵母moldedcrops发霉谷物distiller'syeast酒曲turnstarchintosugarandsaccharomycete把淀粉转化为糖和酵母菌QiminYaoshu《齐民要术》wineyeast酒酵母winefermentation酿酒proventechnique成熟的技术manuallabor体力劳动、手工劳动glutinousmillet黄米Yellowwine黄酒filteringtechnique过滤技术muddy泥泞的、浑浊的transparency透明的turbid浑浊的、混乱的southernprovinces南方各省spiritdrinks酒精饮料ShaoxingYellowWine绍兴黄酒long-grainedIndicarice长粒籼米•■winejar墫waterchannels水路“minoryeast(madewithrice)”小酵母glutinousrice糯米glutinousricewine糯米酒、江米酒tonicdrink滋补饮料healingability治愈功能medicinalwines药酒thecirculatorysystem循环系统preservehealth维持健康traditionalChinesewhiteliquor(spirits)中国传统白酒distilledalcohol蒸馏酒primitivedistillation原始蒸馏microbiology微生物学biochemistry生物化学engineeringsciences工程科学mechanizationstandards机械化标准China'straditionalwinemakingtechnology中国传统酿酒技术superiorgradewhitewine优质白酒baseingredients基料uniquelabel独特的标记LuzhouLaojiao泸州老窖GuizhouMaotai贵州茅台ShangxiFenjiu山西汾酒ShaanxiXifengjiu陕西西凤酒interwovenwith交织着paytributetoancestors瞻仰先人composingrhymes谱曲banquetsandfeasts宴会和节日objectsofcourtesy殷勤对象dynasticrule王朝统治successionofsovereignty主权继承dynasticrulers王朝统治者wineban禁酒令winetax酒税cropyield庄稼收成TianhanperiodunderEmperorHanWudi(98A.D.)汉武帝天汉年间centralcourt中央朝廷wineindustry酒水行业governmenttreasuryrevenue政府财政收入Chineseliterati中国文人intimateconnection亲密关系writtenaccounts文本Wei&JinPeriod(220-420A.D.)魏晋时期bingedrinkers饮酒狂欢SevenWiseMenoftheBambooForest竹林七贤sociallyturbulenttimes社会动荡时期zealousobjections狂热反对literaticlass士大夫阶层restlessyears动荡年间corruptandhideous腐败丑恶fuelstheircreativity激发创造力emotionallyexpressive表达感情uninhibited无拘束的，放纵不羁的naturalandhonest自然真诚creativejuices创作灵感drinkingmood饮酒心情Onethousandcupsofwineistoofewwhenwithabosomfriend酒逢知己千杯少finger-guessinggames猜枚划拳composingimpromptumusic,poetryorevendance即兴创作音乐、古诗和舞蹈swingingtheirarmsandjuttingtheirfists摆动双臂、伸出拳头howling咆哮的gamelyrics游戏歌词thefullestextent最大程度上sincerityanddirectness真诚直率Bottom'suj饮干见底finishingfirstasrespect先干为敬proposetoasts劝酒tardy迟到；迟缓的，缓慢的lateattendee迟到者sucking吸入alongreedstalk长长的芦苇杆bambooshoot竹笋minoritynationalities少数民族bloodsiblings兄弟姐妹swearingoathofalliance宣誓联盟oathtakers宣誓者composure沉着winevirtues酒德virtuousacts善举abidesby恪守，遵守winecandisruptone'snature酒可以损坏人的德行inebriety酒醉，陶醉excessivedrinking酗酒TripleWhiteWine三白酒definitealcoholrestrictions明确的限酒Chinesedrinkingcourtesiesandcustoms中国饮酒礼仪和习俗synonymous代名词，同意的marriagewinefeasts婚宴arm-crossedwine交杯酒homecomingwine还乡酒“month-oldwine”or“hundredth-daywine”满月酒或百天酒redbag红包Longevitywine长寿酒“dashou,”or“grandlongevity”大寿，长寿NewYear'sWine新年酒thefiftydayofthefifthlunarmonth农历五月初五theDragonBoatFestival端午节changpuwine菖蒲酒Gladiolushybridus唐菖蒲fragrantoils芳香油barleyandpea大麦和豌豆wardoffevil辟邪sweet-scented芳香的osmanthusflowers桂花酒osmanthuswine桂花酒OntheDouble-NinthFestival重阳节chrysanthemumwine菊花酒fusedwith融合all-encompassing包罗万象sorrowandpain悲伤和痛苦joyouswonders欢乐的奇迹long-standinghistory悠久的历史people'slifestyles人们的生活方式multi-faceted多面的imperceptiblybroadened无形中扩大barsandpubs酒吧和酒馆刃FiveTastesinHarmony和谐五味practicality实际性color,fragrance,tasteandform色香味形lookingforrefinementinfoodvessels食物容器的改进eleganceofdiningenvironment优雅的就餐环境ingredientsandspices配料和调料sourness,sweetness,bitterness,pungencyandsaltiness酸甜苦辣咸themostsimplisticandmostcrucial最基本最关键的healthperspective健康角度arouseappetite激起食欲neutralizefishyodorandgreasiness消除腥味和油腻plums李子maturevinegar陈醋orthodox正统的ricevinegar米醋eatvinegar吃醋vinegarjar醋坛子matchboxes火柴盒pungency辛辣pungent-hot辛辣tongue,throat舌、喉nasalcavity鼻腔hotpepper辣椒blackpepper黑胡椒multi-staged多级bitterness苦味tangerineororangepeel陈皮clove丁香almond杏仁raisins葡萄干cushiontheeffect缓冲的效果embellish美化nauseous恶心hails冰雹freshessence新鲜原味dormant休眠的、静止的、隐匿的shark'sfin鱼翅seacucumber海参bird'snest燕窝beancurd豆腐gluten面筋mouthwateringtaste令人垂涎的味道MonosodiumGlutamate(MSG)味精line-upofseasoning调料系列essencesoups清汤stinkytofu臭豆腐bean-paste豆酱blackfermentedbeans发酵黑大豆stench恶臭、臭气stir-fries炒菜evaporatingwine酒精蒸发stinkingstench恶臭foul污秽的、邪恶的ingredients成分monotonousflavor单调的味道everlastingandsatisfyingaftertaste令人回味voidofsalttasteblending混合味道subtleanddelicateart微妙而精细的艺术orderofapplication应用顺序lightlysimmeredorsteamed轻焖或清蒸chickenflavor鸡肉味mild-taste-oriented轻口味倾向的naturalfreshessence自然清新的本质thicksoups浓汤heavytaste重口味ampleoils浓油goodtastingdish可口的饭菜budding萌芽的；发育期的bacterialcontamination细菌感染coldfood生冷食物dressings调料crushedgarlic蒜泥fightthebacteria抗菌dehydrationprocess脱水过程strongbase强碱slightbittertaste味苦bittergourd苦瓜leafmustard芥菜highcaloriefoods高热量食物heavytastingfoods重口味食物saltintake盐摄入量assistthedigestionofmeats帮助肉类消化health-protecting健康保护body-regulatingmethod身体调节方法bodilyfluids体液bloodandqi(chi)血气kidneyproblems肾脏问题nourish滋养；养育sootheandimprove舒缓和改善emotionalmood情绪weakandfrailphysique体质虚弱curediarrhea治疗腹泻producesaliva产生唾液folkcures民间疗法releaseheat释放热量detoxifythebody身体排毒fivetastesinharmony无味俱全seasonings调味料“Harmony”istheessenceofChinesephilosophy和谐是中国哲学的精华moderation中庸equilibrium平衡respectingtheforcesofnature尊重自然刈ChefsandCulinaryArts厨师和烹饪艺术pao庖chefs厨师PengZuandYiYin彭祖和伊尹amanoferudition博学之人godofthekitchen厨神respectedprofession令人尊敬的职业foodserviceindustry餐饮服务行业cookingchef烹饪厨师pastrychef糕点厨师singularformat奇异的格式modernprofessionaleducation现代职业教育specializedvocationalschools职业学校中华人ProfessionalQualificationCertificateofthePeople'sRepublicofChina民共和国职业资格证书partakein参加；分享basicnutritionalstudies营养基础学习housewives家庭主妇eaters食客drool垂涎；口水；梦话胡说mandatory强制性blessedgift祝福的礼物connoisseurs鉴赏家summarizers摘录者；文摘员realmofart艺术领域中华人SuDongpo(1036-1101A.D.)苏东坡epicures美食家richandconsummateculinaryarts丰富完美的烹饪艺术historicaldocumentation历史文献scholarship奖学金；学问；学识banquets宴会；庆祝酒会leapsandbounds跨越式发展cookingandcuttingskills烹饪切菜技术supplementaryingredients辅材knifework刀工durationandheatcontrol加热时间控制specificcookingmethod详细的烹饪方法includefourcategories包括四类eggsofpoultry家禽鸡蛋Westernsteak西方牛排lemonjuice柠檬汁ketchup番茄酱vinegardrenched泡醋huohou火侯durationanddegreeofheating火侯supplementaryingredients补充成分homegrown国产的；自家种植的“force-fedduck”填鸭SteamedPorkinLotusLeaf荷叶蒸猪肉streakypork五花猪肉bacon咸肉；腌肉simmeredbeancurdwithfish豆腐炖鱼garlicboltswithsquid蒜苗炒鱿鱼specialtreatment特殊待遇WestLakeFishwithVinegar西湖糖醋鱼grasscarp草鱼freshwaterlakes淡水湖泊turnip萝卜；干蓝spinach菠菜acidicsubstance酸性物质calcium-richbeancurd高钙豆腐calciumsalt钙盐firedegree火侯qingzhen(HuiMuslim)restaurant清真餐馆moderatefire适中火度strongfire大火dried干燥shriveled干瘪tenderandplump柔软丰满eggsandkidneys鸡蛋和肾脏meticulousattention一丝不苟appearanceandpackaging外观和包装clams蛤蚌freshwaterfoods淡水食物criterionofcompetition竞争的标准Stir-fryPorkLiver炒猪肝starch淀粉Viceversa反之亦然dumpedinto倾入ingredients食材cookingutensils烹饪器皿heatconductivity导热率naturalgas天然气coalgasstove煤气炉mulberrywood桑木roastduck烤鸭detoxify使解毒；给…解毒ricespike水稻穗soothepeople'sminds抚慰心灵wheatspikes小麦穗quenchthirstandmoistenthethroat解渴润喉beneficialtourination利尿detoxifythebody身体排毒tonicmedicine补药ruralareas农村round-bottomedwok圆底炒锅evennessofheat均匀的热度flatironpan平底锅simmeredhen炖鸡turnipsoupwithribs萝卜排骨tremellaandlotusseedsoup银耳莲子汤earthenwarepot陶罐casserole砂锅meticulously精心地knifework刀工choppingboard案板Straightcut直切leveledslicing平切tiltedcut斜切Stir-fryKidney炒肝脏alycheefruit荔枝theChinesecharacterof“shou(longlife),”中国汉字“寿”orchid兰花strawraincape蓑衣perpendicular垂线；垂直的位置beeffibers牛筋strands线；绳索deep-fry炸braise炖simmer煨steamingbunsofmutton羊肉包子Mongoliantent蒙古包“chao,”orstir-fry炒cookingutensil炊具professionalchef职业厨师specialstir-frywoks特殊炒锅tossing洗矿；摇动tossedup扔掉flatpan平盘consummateskill精湛技艺leeway余地；偏航；落后ricenoodles米粉stews炖汤；炖肉hand-pullednoodles拉面seepsinto渗入emanating传出；散发wonderfularoma美妙的香味inadvertently非故意的；无注意的alignswith与…结盟nutritionists营养学家social-economicprowess经济社会实力refinedculinarytechniques精致的烹饪技术foodprocessingindustry食品加工工业solid固体的；可靠的；立体的marketshare市场份额intelligent智能的；聪明的electriccookware电炊具obsolete费词；陈腐的人thelivinghabitsoftheChinese中国人的生活习惯FoodsandHealth食物与健康imbeddedinto嵌入式Chinese'sfoodculture中国饮食文化therapybydiet食疗herbalmedicine中草药archaictimes古老时代Shennongtastedhundredsofkindsofherbs神农尝百草foodandmedicinesharethesameroots药食想通preservationofhealthprolongingoflifeHuangdiNeijing《黄帝内经》fivetastes五味internalorgans体内器官extract提取rectum直肠；臀部bladder膀胱；囊状物bitterness苦味；苦难saltiness咸性；尖酸sourness酸味spleen脾脏；坏脾气nutritionalcontents营养成分facilitate促进；帮助humidityandheat湿度和热度beverages饮料；酒水mungbeansoup绿豆汤sweet-sourplumjuice酸梅汤lilybulbsoup百合汤chilledtea凉茶heatfever发烧moistenthelungs润肺olive橄榄tremella银耳；白木耳turnipwithbraisedribs萝卜炖排骨turnipwithsimmeredlamb萝卜炖羊肉toniceffects滋补效果Chinesechestnut板栗Chineseyam山药riversnails田螺tonicintake补药摄入longan龙眼walnuts核桃；胡桃highfatandhighcaloriefoods高脂肪高卡路里食物frailbodies虚弱的身体highcaloriefoods高卡路里食物high-energyfoods高能量食物age-defyingfoods抗老食物ginseng人参sharkfins鱼翅metabolism新陈代谢middle-agedpeople中年人poultry家禽fungi真菌；菌类foodtherapy食疗gingerslices姜丝thickblankets厚毯子henstewedinclearsoup清汤炖鸡brownsugar红糖sesameseeds芝麻Medicinal药的；药用的conventionalfood传统食物variety多样；种类dosage剂量；用量unpleasant-tasting难吃的medicinalherbs药草anewbreedoffood一种新型食品porridge粥；糊pastry糕点；点心ChinesecaterpillarFungus冬虫夏草ChickenStewedwithGinkgoNut银杏仁炖鸡RiverSnails米酒Stir-friedRiverSnailswithRiceWine田螺米酒PigStomachwithLotusSeeds猪肚莲藕lilybulbporridge百合粥ediblefungus食用真菌Chineseyam山药；山药桃子dome圆屋顶Chrysanthemumwine菊花酒pigfeet猪蹄bark树皮acanthopanax五加属；刺五加ginsengwine人参酒oolongtea乌龙茶gingerjuicecandy姜汁糖果plum李子；梅子traditionalChinesetonicdrinks中国传统滋补饮料theseedofOrientalarborvitae侧柏种子sideeffects副作用immunesystem免疫系统slow-aging减缓衰老prolonginglife延长寿命regionalcuisines区域美食healthpreservationstandpoint养生角度来看standpoint立场；观点sweetness甜味；美妙；芳香pungency辛辣；刺激性unfavorabletothebody对身体不利heart,spleenandkidneys心；脾；肾variousformsofulcers各种溃疡ulcers溃疡long-lastinghealth长久的健康CasseroleBlackChicken砂锅黑鸡Casserole砂锅；勺皿Chineseherbalmedicine中草药dietarystructure饮食结构soundscientificbasis充分的科学依据vegetariandishes素食Buddhism佛教abstentionsonfood节食layBud