英语国家概况

《英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案）（第I卷客观题共45分）I.选择题(共30分;每题1分)U.K.TheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchycanbeseeninitseffecton____.DA.passingthebills B.advisingthegovernmentC.politicalparties D.publicattitudeThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyinGreatBritainarecharacterizedbypragmatismand____.DA.governmentintervention B.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreform D.abeliefinindividualismOxfordUniversityistheoldestuniversityintheEnglish-speakingworld.Cabinetmembersarechosenby____inBritain.BA.themonarch B.thePrimeMinisterC.theArchbishop D.theLordChancellorEnglishbelongstotheGermanicgroupofIndo-Europeanfamilyoflanguages.TheSevernRiveristhelongestriverinBritain.ThefollowingChristmastraditionsareparticularlyBritishexcept____.AA.TroopingtheColor B.Queen’sChristmasmessageC.BoxingDay D.ChristmaspantomimeAmongBritain’squalitypress,thefollowingnewspapersareregardedasthe“BigThree”withtheexceptionofTheObserver.In2012,Britainhadapopulationofabout63million.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesareGreatBritainandIreland.BritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcheroncesaidthat,“BritainandtheUnitedStateswillstandsidebyside”.TheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatit____.AA.setuptheNationalHealthServices B.improvedpublictransportationC.abolishedtheoldtaxsystem D.enhancedtheeconomicdevelopmentMargaretThatcher’sgovernmentintroducedthebiggestchangesinBritisheconomicpolicysinceWorldWarII.CharlesDickensisarepresentativeofEnglishCriticalRealismattheturnofthe19thcentury.ThethreeprinciplefeaturesoftheclimateofBritainarethefollowingEXCEPT____.CA.thefrequentfoginwinter B.thelargenumberofrainydaysC.extremecoldnesseveninsummer D.changeabilityalltheyearroundSamuelJohnson’sdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformofspellinginEnglish.TheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementofLatinandGreekwordstoEnglish.____wasnotamongthefourself-governingdominionsintheBritishEmpire.CA.Australia B.Canada C.India D.theUnionofSouthAfricaOfthefollowingsectorsinBritain,serviceindustryhasexperiencedspectaculargrowthsincetheendofWorldWarII.CambridgehasmoreNobelPrizewinnersthananyotherinstitutioninBritain.Writersof____literaturearemoreconcernedwithimaginationandfeelingthanwithreasonandintellect.CA.Renaissance B.Neo-Classical C.Romantic D.VictorianTheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof____.CA.theHouseofValois B.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudor D.theHouseofLancasterTouristsfromallovertheworldcometoenjoythebeautyofScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmenwearingkilts.The____markedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.CA.Vikinginvasion B.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquest D.adoptionofcommonlawCommonwealthDayisanannualeventcelebratedonthesecondMondayinMarcheachyear.SuchbigcitiesasGlasgow,Manchester,SheffieldandNewcastlearefamousforthe____.DA.oilindustry B.carindustryC.shippingcompanies D.coalfieldsDuringthe15thand16thcenturiesanintellectualmovementknownas____sweptEurope.____wasthegreatestplaywrightoftheworldproducedinthisperiodinEngland.DA.Romance,GeoffreyChaucer B.Christianity,GeorgeBernardShawC.Italianliteraryinfluence,Sonnet D.Renaissance,ShakespeareAestheticismisthebeliefthatartistshavenoobligationotherthantostriveforbeauty---“artforart’ssake”.ThemostimportantrepresentativeofAestheticismis____.BA.ThomasHardy B.OscarWilde C.VirginiaWoolf D.WilliamButlerYeatsThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’sefforttodivorcehiswife.____isviewedasRomanticpoetry’s“DeclarationofIndependence”.CA.“IWonderedLonelyasaCloud” B.DonJuanC.“PrefacetoLyricalBallads” D.PrometheusUnboundU.S.TheU.S.liesincentralNorthAmerica,withCanadatothenorth,Mexicotothesouth,theAtlantictoitseastandthePacifictoitswest.“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”wastherallyingsloganbeforetheWarofIndependence.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatestriestogiveeachbranchenoughpowertobalancetheothers.Thefollowingexcepttherighttogetintopeople’shousebypoliceareguaranteedintheBillofRights.Ofthefollowingpersons,the____canNOTmakelegislativeproposalintheU.S.AA.SecretaryofState B.PresidentC.Representative D.SenatorTheHowardgovernment’sforeignpolicywasbasedonrelationswithfourkeycountries,namely____inAustralia.BA.theU.S.,Japan,Britain,China B.theU.S.,Japan,China,IndonesiaC.theU.S.,Japan,Britain,Indonesia D.theU.S.,Britain,China,IndonesiaAustraliansystemofteachingandschooldisciplineputemphasisonthefollowingexcept____.CA.learningbydiscoveryandquestioningB.self-disciplineC.outwarddisciplineD.encouragingstudent’sinterestinlearningCanberraisAustralia’scapital.In2013,thepopulationofAustraliawasabout____million.AA.22.9 B.33.9C.40.9 D.50____isrenownedforitsuniqueplantandanimalspecies.Itisestimatedthattherearearound20,000to25,000differentplantsnativetotheland.AA.Australia B.CanadaC.TheUnitedKingdom D.TheUnitedStatesMostanthropologistsbelievethattheAboriginesinAustraliamigratedfrom____atleast50,000yearsago.CA.eastAsia B.southAsiaC.southeastAsia D.NorthAsiaTheCommonwealthofAustraliawasestablishedin____.DA.1847 B.1885C.1900 D.1901Australiaisaleadingsupplierof____tointernationalmarkets.DA.agriculturalproducts B.hi-techproductsC.industrialproducts D.mineralresourcesCanadaTheGovernorGeneralholdsthehighestpositionintheCanadianparliamentarysystem.The____isthelargestpoliticalpartyinCanada.AA.LiberalParty B.ConservativePartyC.CanadianLaborCongress D.NewDemocraticPartyCanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.TorontoisthelargestcityinCanadaandOttawaisthecapitalcity.____recognizedQuebecasa“distinctsociety”.AA.TheMeechLakeAccord B.TheQuebecActC.TheConstitutionalAct D.TheBritishNorthAmericaActTheinfluenceof____hasdeclinedgraduallyinParliamentintoday’sCanada.DA.theConservativeParty B.theCanadianLaborCongressC.theCooperativeCommonwealthFederationD.theNewDemocraticPartyKimCampbellwasCanada’sfirstwomanPrimeMinister.InCanada,thelargestreligiousdenominationistheRomanCatholicChurch.IfapplicantsmeetthebasicrequirementsforanimmigranttoCanada,theyneedtodothefollowingexcept____.AA.applyingforcitizenship B.takingamedicalexamC.payinganapplicationfee D.payingalandingfeeTheGreatLakesontheborderbetweenCanadaandtheU.S.arethelargestgroupoffreshwaterlakesintheworld.Thename“Canada”issaidtohavederivedfromtheHuronword“Kanata”,meaning“____”.CA.ocean B.northC.village D.iceIn1497,thevoyageledbyanItaliancaptaindiscoveredtheeasternshoresofCanada,whichwasclaimedasNewfoundland.Intheearly____,bothBritainandFrancefoundedpermanentsettlementsinCanada.CA.1400s B.1500sC.1600s D.1700sAfterthefamousSevenYears’War,____lostallofitscolonies,andthewholeCanadacameunder____control.BA.Britain,French B.France,BritishC.Spain,Indian D.India,SpanishWiththepassageoftheStatuteofWestminsterin1931,CanadawasrecognizedasanequalpartnerofBritain.II.读图题(共5分;每题1分)III.判断题(共10分;每题1分)U.K.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.TThemajorityofthepeopleinBritainaredescendantsoftheAnglo-Saxons.TLondonisoneofthethreeprincipalfinancialcentersoftheworld.TPeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.FTheCelticpeoplearetheearliestknowninhabitantsofBritain.TInanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.TTheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.TTheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.FInreality,theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.FLimitedresourcesandhighunemploymentratewerepersistentproblemsthatpreventedrapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.FHamletdepictsthehero’sstrugglewithtwoopposingforces:moralintegrityandtheneedtoavengehisfather’smurder.TTheBritisheconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineduringthepostwarperiod.TAlexanderPopewasagreatEnglishpoetwhoalsotranslatedHomer’sIliad.TBlairmadetheBankofEnglandindependentinordertoseparatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy.TWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgebroughttheRomanticMovementtoitsheightinBritishliterature.FU.S.ThanksgivingDayfallsonthefourthTuesdayinNovember.FSanFranciscoisthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworldfamousHollywoodandDisneylandarelocatedthere.FWaltWhitmanintroducedgreatinnovationstoAmericanliterature,andhedevisedapoeticstyle,freeverse.TTheUnitedStatesisthefifthmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChina,India,BrazilandSouthAfrica.FDuringClinton’sterm,theeconomydevelopedsteadily,resultinginalowerrateofunemployment.TAccordingtotheAmericanadministration,SaddamHusseinandOsamabinLadenwereresponsiblefortheterroristeventonSeptember11,2001.FTheworldeconomyhaslittletodowiththegrowthanddeclineoftheAmericanforeigntrade.FIntheUnitedStates,certainpresidentialappointmentsmustbeapprovedbyCongress.TNewYorkisthecommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStates,anditisalsooneofthethreeprincipaleconomiccentersintheworld.TTheCivilWarnotonlyputanendtoslavery,butalsodecidedthatAmericawasasingle,indivisiblenation.TTheU.S.congressisthelegislativebranchofthefederalgovernmentanditconsistsoftwohouses:theHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.FTheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachiansholdonethirdoftheU.S.continentalterritory.FPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealhadlittleeffectindealingwiththeeconomiccrisisintheearly1930s.FJonathanEdwardsandBenjaminFranklinaretwosourcesofAmericanliteraryspirit.TTheDemocraticPartyoftheU.S.isconservativeintermsofitsideology.FAustraliaTheAustralianConstitutioncanbechangedeitherbygovernment’swillorbyreferendum.FAustraliaDayisonJanuary26th.TSinceAustraliahasavastcultivablearea,ithasbecometheworld’sleadingexporterofagriculturalproducts.FInWorldWarI,allmembersoftheAustralianarmedforceswhoservedoverseaswerevolunteers.TForAustraliancitizensovertheageof16,itiscompulsorytovoteatelectiontime.FCanadaCanadaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworldintermsofterritory.FMultilingualismandmulticulturalismarecharacteristicsofCanadianculture.TLavalUniversityisthelargestinstitutioninCanada,whileUniversityofTorontoistheoldestone.FQuebecseparatedfromCanadaandestablishedaFrench-speakingnationinthe1960s.FTheCanadiangovernmentisresponsibletotheKingorQueenofBritain.F（第II卷主观题共55分）I.排序题(共6分;每题1分)GroupOne:AustralianHistoryA.CaptainPhilip’sarrivalB.AfederalconstitutionbeingadoptedC.JamesCook’sarrivalD.GreatDepressionE.WhiteAustraliaPolicyF.SidneyOlympicGames（1.C2.A3.B4.E5.D6.F）GroupTwo:BritishHistoryA.QueenElizabethI’sreignB.WilliamtheConqueror’sinvasionC.QueenVictoria’sreignD.ClaudiusI’sinvasionE.TheFalloftheEmpireF.MargaretThatcher’sgovernment（1.D2.B3.A4.C5.E6.F）GroupThree:BritishLiteraryPeriodsA.TheModernPeriodB.TheVictorianPeriodC.TheRenaissanceD.TheMiddleEnglishPeriodE.TheRomanticPeriodF.TheNeo-ClassicalPeriod（1.D2.C3.F4.E5.B6.A）GroupFour:U.S.HistoryA.TheWarofIndependenceB.TheCivilWarC.ChristopherColumbus’discoveryD.ReestablishingthetieswithChinaE.GreatDepressionF.VietnamWar（1.C2.A3.B4.E5.F6.D）II.配对题(共20分;每题2分)试卷上会出2组，每组5题。类别如下：类别1：作者与其作品配对。（中文翻译仅供复习时参考，考卷上没有中文！下同。）NamesBooksGeoffreyChaucer乔叟TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚Hamlet哈姆雷特CharlesDickens狄更斯OliverTwist雾都孤儿ThomasHardy哈代TessoftheD’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝JaneAusten简·奥斯丁PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见GeorgeBernardShaw萧伯纳Pygmalion卖花女BenjaminFranklin富兰克林PoorRichard’sAlmanac穷理查年鉴WashingtonIrving华盛顿·欧文RipVanWinkle瑞普·凡·温克MarkTwain马克·吐温TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn哈克贝里·芬历险记ErnestHemingway海明威TheOldManandtheSea老人与海F.ScottFitzgerald菲兹杰拉德TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比ArthurMiller亚瑟·米勒DeathofaSalesman推销员之死NathanielHawthorne霍桑TheScarletLetter红字类别2：战争与其起因配对。WarsCausesTheHundredYears’War英法百年大战Territory;marketforwoolTheWarofIndependence(in1775)美国独立战争TaxationTheCivilWar(in1861)美国南北战争SlaveryWorldWarI第一次世界大战PowerBalance;colonialrivalryWorldWarII第二次世界大战AcontinuationofWWI类别3：历史人物与其职业配对。NamesOccupationsElizabethTudor伊丽莎白·都铎Queen英国女王MargaretThatcher撒切尔夫人BritishPrimeMinister英国首相VirginiaWoolf沃尔夫Writer作家St.Augustine圣奥古斯丁Archbishop大主教CharlotteBronte夏洛特·勃朗特Novelist小说家AbrahamLincoln林肯U.S.President美国总统EmilyDickinson狄更生Poet诗人EugeneO’Neil尤金·奥尼尔Playwright剧作家KimCampbell坎贝尔CanadianPrimeMinister加拿大总理Beowulf贝尔沃夫LegendarySwedishwarrior传说中的瑞典战士类别4：著名政客与其所属政党配对。NamesPoliticalPartiesMargaretThatcher撒切尔夫人ConservativeParty保守党TonyBlair布莱尔LaborParty工党JohnF.Kennedy肯尼迪DemocraticParty民主党RichardNixon尼克松RepublicanParty共和党BillClinton克林顿DemocraticParty民主党GeorgeW.Bush布什RepublicanParty共和党KevinRudd陆克文AustralianLaborParty澳洲工党类别5：历史事件与其相关人物配对。HistoricalEventsFiguresRelatedFightingagainsttheVikings对抗北欧海盗AlfredtheGreat阿尔弗雷德大帝TheCivilWarin1642英国内战OliverCromwell克伦威尔BuildingtheWestminsterAbbey建造威斯敏斯特教堂EdwardtheConfessor忏悔者爱德华FightingagainsttheGermanfascism对抗德国纳粹WinstonChurchill丘吉尔DiscoveryofAmerica发现美洲大陆ChristopherColumbus哥伦布AmericanWarofIndependence美国独立战争GeorgeWashington乔治·华盛顿WatergateScandal水门事件RichardNixon尼克松III.填空题(共14分;每题2分)TheofficialfullnameofBritainistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.TheBritishConstitutionisnotwrittendowninonesingledocument.Itismadeupofthreemainparts:StatutoryLaw,CommonLawandConventions.IntheU.K.,thoughtheKingorQueenistheheadofstate,theirpowersarelargelysymbolic.Thegovernmentiselectedbypeopleandgovernsaccordingtotheconstitutionalprinciples.WilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,istheonewhoinvadedandconqueredEnglandin1066,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.ThefunctionsoftheHouseofCommonsare:drafting/makingnewlaws;criticizingandrestrainingtheactionsofthegovernmentandinfluencingfuturegovernmentpolicy.TheCommonwealthofNationsisa/anvoluntaryorganizationofindependentstates,allofwhichviewtheBritishkingorqueenassymbolichead.ThemainproductsoffarminginBritainarebeef,mutton,porkanddairyproducts.TheOpenUniversityoffersa/annon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.IntheU.K.,thePrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament.December26thiscalled“BoxingDay”inBritainbecausethat’swhenpeoplegiveChristmasgiftsormoney,usuallywrappedinboxes,totheirstafforservants.BritishparliamentconsistsoftheKingorQueen,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.The“checksandbalances”referstothedivisionofpowersamongthreebranches:thelegislature,theexecutiveandthejudiciaryinordertoachieveapowerbalance.TheveryfirstAmericanswereIndians,whowerethedescendantsoftheMongoloidpeopleinAsia.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence,whichtheContinentalCongressadoptedonJuly4,1776.AftertheAmericanCivilWar,slaverywascompletelyabolishedandAmericabecameasingle,indivisiblenation.TheUnitedStatesisanationofimmigrants.Inthelastfourcenturies,55millionpeoplehavemovedtothiscountry,representingthelargestmovementofhumanbeingstoanyplaceinthehistoryofmankind.By1773,Englishsettlershadoccupied13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.ElsewhereinNorthAmerica,theFrenchcontrolledCanadaandLouisiana.TheDeclarationofIndependenceexplainedthephilosophybehindtheAmericanWarofIndependence,thatmenhaveanaturalrightto“Life,Liberty/FreedomandthepursuitofHappiness”.TheBushadministrationattributedresponsibilityfortheSeptember11thterroristattacktoOsamabinLadenandtheAl-QaedaOrganization.In1791,thefirsttenamendmentsoftheU.S.Constitutionwerecreated.Thisisthewell-knownBillofRights.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,whichwasdrawnupin1787andcameintoeffectin1789,isthebasiclawoftheland.ContemporaryhistoriansagreethatthehistoryofAustraliabeginswiththearrivaloftheAborigines.Theymigratedfromsoutheast/southeasternAsiaatleast50,000yearsago,duringaperiodwhenlowsealevelspermittedthesimplestformsoflandandwatertravel.InMay,1787,theFirstFleetof11shipsunderthecommandofCaptainArthurPhillipsailedfromPortsmouth,Britain,forAustralia.TheshipreachedBotanyBayonJanuary18,1788withabout1,500peopleonboard,736ofthemconvicts/prisoners.Australialiesinthesouthern/southhemisphere,betweentheIndianOceanandthePacificOcean.Torontoisoneofthemostmulticulturalcitiesintheworld.About2.5millionpeoplefromabout80differentethnicbackgroundscallTorontotheirhome.VancouverhasbecomeincreasinglyethnicallydiverseaslargenumbersofChinese,Japanese,andSouthAsianssettledinthecity.IntheCanadianparliamentarysystem,theGovernorGen