内蒙古高一下学期期末考试英语试卷带答案解析

第页内蒙古高一下学期期末考试英语试卷(带答案解析）（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Juniorgolfcompetitioncalendarfullofnewevents,changesNewtothescheduleMackChampInvitationalChampisusingjuniorgolftohonorhislategrandfatherMackChampwiththefirstMackChampInvitational.TheCameronChampFoundationwillputontheevent,tobeplayedMarch20-22atMemorialParkGolfCourseinHouston.ThegoalofthetournamentistofocusonidentifyingtalentedplayersfromdiversebackgroundsasawaytohonorthelegacyleftbyMack,whopassedawayinOctober2019.NotahBegayJuniorInvitationalOnegoalofjuniorgolf?Getnoticed,preferablybyacollegecoach.TheNotahBegayJuniorInvitationalwilloffersomethingquiteunusualtoitsparticipants:aneventbroadcastbyGolfChannel.Players,ages8to18,mustqualifyintothisevent,tobeplayedatayet-to-be-announcedlocationonayet-to-be-announceddate.DifferentdatesandformatchangesU.S.JuniorAmateurThemajormen’samateureventsontheUSGAschedule–thinktheU.S.AmateurandU.S.Mid-Amateur–requireacompanioncoursefortheextremelylargefield.Forthefirsttimeinthe73-yearhistoryoftheU.S.JuniorAmateur,theUSGAwillrequireonemorecourse.Thetournamentwillstartwith264playersplayingbothHazeltineNationalGolfClubandChaskaTownCourseintheexpandedfield.AJGAThunderbirdInternationalJuniorWhentheNCAAChampionshipsmovetoGrayhawkGolfClubinScottsdale,Arizona,forthenextthreeyears.TheThunderbird,whichhasdivisionsforgirlsandboys,typicallyhasbeenplayedattheendofMay,butthisyear,forthefirsttime,itwillbeplayedApril9-12,whichmeans,ofcourse,thatitfinishesonMastersSunday.1．WhicheventisavailableonTV?A．MackChampInvitational.B．NotahBegayJuniorInvitational.C．U.S.JuniorAmateur.D．AJGAThunderbirdInternationalJunior.2．WhathasbeenchangedabouttheU.S.JuniorAmateur?A．Theoriginofitshistory.B．Thetimeoftheevent.C．Thenumberofcourses.D．ThelocationofGolfClub.3．WhencanyouwatchtheAJGAThunderbirdInternationalJuniorthisyear?A．April29. B．May10.C．April10. D．May29.Afamousprofessor(教授)didastudyinaprimaryschool.Atthebeginningoftheschoolyear,teachersweregiventhenamesoffivechildren.Theteachersweretoldthatthesestudentswerethebeststudentsintheclasswhilethefactwasthatthesestudentswereonlyaverage(中等的).Butbytheendoftheyearthesefiveaveragestudentsscoredthehighestintheclass.Whatmadetheseaveragestudentschangesomuchtobecometopstudents?Theonlydifferencewasthechangeintheteachers’attitudes(态度).Sincetheteachersbelievedthatthesefivekidswerethetopstudents,theyexpectedmorefromthem.Sothesefiveaveragestudentsbegantoexpectmorefromthemselves.Youknow,ifyouexpectthebestfromothers,they’llusuallywanttogiveyoutheirbest.Agreatleadersaid,“Treatapersonjusthowheappearstobeontheoutside,andyou’llmakehimevenworse.Buttreatapersonlikehe’salreadyasuccess,andyou’llhelpmakehimthebesthecanbe.”Itremindsmeofanotherstoryof7-year-oldJohnny.Histeachergotsotiredofhim.Onedayshesaid,“Johnny,you’rethenaughtiest(最淘气的)boyinthisclass!”ThenextyearJohnnyhadadifferentteacher.Thenewteachersaid,“Johnny,I’veheardalotaboutyou.ButIdon’tbelieveawordofit.”Johnny’snewteachertreatedhimasifhewasoneofthesmartest,best-behavedstudents.Well,youguessedit.Afterjustafewmonths,Johnnybecameoneofthetopstudentsinthatclass.Lateronhebecameagreatleader.Therefore,it’sthepowerofourlove,belief,andencouragingattitudetowardsourchildrenthatmatter.4．Thefiveaveragestudentsbecametopstudentsmainlybecauseof________.A．theprofessor’shelpB．theteachers’confidenceinthemC．thechangeintheirteachers’attitudestowardsthemD．thechangeintheirattitudestowardstheirteachers5．WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofJohnny?A．Toshowhowtomakeatopstudent.B．ToshowhowsuccessfulJohnnywas.C．Toshowtheimportanceofencouragement.D．TotellthedifferencebetweenJohnny’stwoteachers.6．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Expectthebest B．ThepowerofloveC．Howtotakerightattitudes D．EncouragementbringssuccessResearchershaverecentlydiscoveredthatgutmicrobiome(肠道微生物群)—bacteriathatgrowwithinourbody-helpsthebrainbuildimportantsocialskills.AccordingtoapaperpublishedinPLOSBiologyinNovember,zebrafishwereusedtoresearchsubjectstotesthowalackofmicrobiomecouldaltersocialskills.Zebrafisharesocialanimalsaseven2-week-oldfishstartstohangoutingroupsof4to12.Theexperimentstartedwithmakingagroupoffish“germ-free”throughtheirdiet.Theothergroupwereinjectedwithahealthymixofgutbacteriaaftertheywerehatched(孵化出来).About15dayslater,thesecondgroupbeganswimmingingroupswhilethe“germ-free”group“shockingly,didn’t,”JudithEisen,aco-authorofthenewresearch,saidtoQuantaMagazine.Theteamthenexaminedthefish’sbrains,discoveringobviousdifferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Theoneswholackedthegutmicrobiomehadmoreinterconnectionsamongtheneurons(神经元)intheirbrainsinchargeofsocialbehavior.Italsoledtofewermicroglia,theneuralimmunecells(神经免疫细胞)thathelpcleanthebrain’sunwantedneurons.Withlessmicrogliatoclearthebrain’sneurons,socialneuronswereseentohaveovergrown.Thismadethefishmorecautiousinsocialsituations.Scientistssupposedthatthebacteriacouldreleaseaspecialchemicalthatcrossestheblood-brainbarriertoreachthebraindirectly.Or,theimmunecellsmightmovebetweenthegutandthebrain,sendingmessages.Althoughtheexperimentswereonlyonfish,thefindingscantheoreticallybeappliedtohumans.Theteamwishestoexplorehowgutmicrobiomeaffectsthehumanbraininthefuture,whichmayleadtosolutionstomentalhealthproblems.Perhapsmanypeoplewhoclaimthattheyhave“socialphobia”(社交恐惧症)canblametheirguts.However,socialphobia,orsocialanxietydisorder,canbeaseriousillnessifoverlooked.AccordingtotheNationalHealthServiceintheUK,itismorethanshynessbutinsteadaconstantfearofsocialsituations.Patientsmayexperiencepanicattackswhichareanoverwhelmingfearandanxietythatlastforafewminutes.7．Whatdidtheresearchaimtofindout?A．Thecausesofsocialphobia. B．Thewayzebrafishbuildsocialskills.C．Theinfluencingfactorsofsocialbehavior. D．Thelinkbetweengutbacteriaandsocialbehavior.8．Howdidresearchersconductthestudy?A．Byexaminingthefish’sguts. B．Bycollectingandanalyzingdata.C．Byobservingthefish’sappearance. D．Bycomparingdifferentgroupsoffish.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthefishwithoutgutmicrobiome?A．Theytendtobehavelesssocially. B．Theyhavemoreneuralimmunecells.C．Theirbrainshavefewerunwantedneurons. D．Theirsocialneuronsarelooselyconnected.10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialphobia?A．Itisoftenoverlooked. B．Itiscausedbyinactiveneurons.C．Itshouldbetakenseriously. D．Itaffectstheamountofgutmicrobiome.Anybodywhohasalongdailycommute(通勤)knowsthefeelingofsittingintrafficwithnothingtodobutwait.Now,astudysuggeststhatlongcommutescantakeawaymorethanjustvaluabletime,theyalsohaveabadinfluenceonyourfitnessandhealth.Earlierresearchhasconnectedlongercommuteswithobesity(肥胖).Butthisnewresearchisbelievedtobe“thefirststudytoshowthatlongcommutescanreduceexercisetime,”explainedleadresearcherChristineM.HoehnerofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Longcommutesareconnectedwith“higherweight,lowerfitnesslevelsandhigherbloodpressure,allofwhicharelikelytoleadtoheartdisease,”shesaid.OnediscoverythatHoehnerfoundalittlesurprisingwashow“beingcaughtinheavytrafficcanleadtohigherbloodpressure.”Here’showtheresearchwasdone:Scientistsstudied4,297localsfromAustin,Texas.Theyrecordedtheircommutingdistances,bodymassindices(体重指数)andbloodpressure.Thelocalsreportedtheirphysicalactivityforthelastthreemonths.Whatdidscientistslearn?Commuterswhosaidtheydrovelongerdistancesalsoreportedtheytookpartinlessactivephysicalactivity.Theyhadlowerfitnesslevels,greaterbodymassindicesandhigherbloodpressure.Between1960and2000,workerscommutinginprivatecarsjumpedfrom41.4millionto112.7million,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation.Andassuburb(郊区)havespreadacrossthenationsincethe1950s,commutermileshaveincreasedtoo,alongwiththetimedriversspendsittinginthecar,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.Formanycommuters,movingclosertoworkisn’tachoicebutHoehnersaidtherearewaysthatcanleadtomoreexercise.“Commutersshouldfindwaystoworkphysicalactivityintotheirworkdaysbydoingthingslikewalkingduringworkbreaks.Employerscouldalsohelpbyencouragingfitnessbreaks.”saidHoehner.11．WhatdidHoehnerfind?A．Thelongertheexercisetime,thebetter.B．Somediseasesleadtohigherbloodpressure.C．Thebusierthetraffic,thehigherthebloodpressure.D．Lowerfitnesslevelsresultfromheartdisease.12．Howdidscientistsdotheresearch?A．Bydoingasimpletest. B．Bycollectinginformation.C．Bygivingphysicalchecksdaily. D．Bytalkingtolocalsfacetoface.13．WhatisHoehnertryingtodointhelastparagraph?A．Offerhelp. B．Giveadvice. C．Findexcuses. D．Sendwarnings.二、七选五Eachyear,theUSSocialSecurityAdministrationreleasesalistofthemostpopularbabynamesoftheyear.Nearlyeverycitizenisregistered(登记)withtheorganization,makingiteasytocreateanaccuratelist.14Forexample,namessuchasDorothy(forgirls)andWalter(forboys)werepopularinthe1910s.Butthesedays,thesenamesareconsideredtobeold-fashioned.15Otherexamplesofold-fashionednamesincludeGladysandEthel(forgirls)andHowardandClarence(forboys).Thelistalsoshowswhichnamesaremostcommonduringacertaindecade.16Ithappenstobemyname.Butsomemoreunusualnameshaveincreasedinpopularityinrecentyears.From2016to2017,thenames“Wells”and“Kairo”(forboys)and“Ensley”and“Oaklynn”(forgirls)allbecamemorepopular.Butthesenamesarestillquiterarecomparedtomoreordinarynames.17Forexample,thename“Isabella”sawahugejumpinpopularityin2009.ThiswasbecauseofthesuccessoftheTwilightfilmseries,inwhichoneofthemaincharactersisnamedIsabella.18A．Evenpopculturecaninfluencehowpopularnamesbecome.B．Someevenrefertothemas“oldpeoplenames”.C．Pickinganamefortheirbabyisoftenaheadacheforparents.D．Thelistshowsthatsocietyandculturechangeovertime.E．IthasbeenoneofthemostpopularnamesintheUSforalmostacentury.F．Forexample,inthe1980s,whenIwasborn,themostcommonnamewasMichael.G．Butit’sordinarynameslikeJohnandJanethathavealwaysbeenpopularandprobablyalwayswillbe.三、完形填空CohenEarleyhadonewishafterhelostpartofhislegbecauseofcancer.Hewas19toplayfootball—andnowaftermonthsof20hehasfinallyachievedthatdream.MsEarleywastakinghimuptobedoneeveningwhenshenoticedalump(肿块)inhislower21,thesizeofagolfball,whichwasshocking.Shetookhimtothedoctors22andwasadvisedtotakemore23.Testswerecarriedoutatthehospitalandthedoctorsbrokethe24newstothefamilythatCohenhadcancer.MsEarleysaid,“Wehadnever25itwouldbeanythingasseriousascancer.Hewasonlyfour.”Cohenhadanoperationto26aquarterofhislowerleginNovemberthatyear.27chemotherapytreatment(化疗)fromJuneuntilDecember,Cohenalsounderwentamonthofradiotherapytreatment(放疗).Hehadpainfulmouthsinthis28.Itwasalongandhard29.Theonlythingtokeephimgoingwastoplayfootballagain,whichgavehima(n)30toworkfor.Cohenhad31itallandfinally32theend-oftreatmentbellinJanuarythisyearanddoctorshavenowgivenhimtheall-clear.33,thecancerisdangerousandthereisachanceofit34,soCohenhastohave35everythreemonths.“Nowheisbackonthefootballfieldwithhisfriends.Hemustbeoverjoyedwhenhecouldfinallyputonhisfootballshoesand36afootballagain.”MsEarley37,“Nowhe’sbackenjoyinglifeagain,whichisthemostimportantthing.Thedoctorswillkeepacloseeyeonhim,butatthemomenttherehasbeenno38ofitcomingback.”19．A．afraid B．easy C．helpless D．eager20．A．rest B．attempt C．treatment D．study21．A．leg B．arm C．face D．neck22．A．secretly B．immediately C．unwillingly D．suddenly23．A．tests B．trips C．medicines D．chances24．A．great B．relaxing C．inspiring D．terrible25．A．imagined B．agreed C．promised D．argued26．A．protect B．bend C．remove D．hide27．A．Insteadof B．InspiteofC．InadditiontoD．Incomparisonto28．A．dream B．process C．occasion D．preparation29．A．battle B．task C．duty D．flight30．A．method B．emotion C．goal D．pattern31．A．gotacross B．benefitedfrom C．recoveredfrom D．comethrough32．A．spotted B．shot C．tapped D．rang33．A．Therefore B．However C．Somehow D．Anyway34．A．returning B．surviving C．winning D．proving35．A．input B．breakthroughs C．check-ups D．update36．A．buy B．kick C．own D．lend37．A．regretted B．added C．hesitated D．responded38．A．awareness B．intention C．option D．sign四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadays,wehavealreadyreachedaperiodwhenscienceandtechnologyarehighlydeveloped.In2016,anewApp,TikTok,39(come)intobeing,whichcanhelppeopleshareinterestingthingswithothers.However,moreandmoreteenagersaresocrazyaboutTikTokthattheyare40(lose)init.Thereisnodoubt41TikTokhasanegativeeffectonourteenagers.42(luck),theChineseversionofTikTok—Douyinisintroducinga“teenagemode”whichwilllimittheamountoftimechildrenunder43ageof14spendontheshort-formvideoappto40minutesaday.It’ssuggestedthatallDouyin44(user)under14shouldregisterfortheappbyusing45(they)realnames.Besides,Douyinwillalsobe46(available)tothoseteenagersbetween10p.m.476a.m.toprotecttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Actually,limitingteenagers’usageofDouyinwillalsopushotherInternetplatforms48(take)similarmeasures.五、短文改错49．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Intheninegrade,IdecidedtolearnGerman.IwasfullyexpectingtounderstandeverywordsIcameacross.ButtheGermanclasswassobored.Eachday,Mr.Keadywouldaskustoopenourbooksandreadthewords.Iraisemyhandoneafternoonwhenwewereaskedtodosoagain,whatwasreallynoteasyforme.Mr.KeadyaskedwhatwaswrongandIexplainedwhy.IexpectedMr.Keadytoangrysendmetotheheadteacher.Butshesatathisdeskquietly.Awhilelater,hesaidhewouldtothinkaboutmywords.Inthefollowingweeks,Gemanclassesdidn’tbecomewhatIhadhoped,andMr.Keadytriedhardertoinvolveushisclasses.六、告知信/通知50．假设你是李华，你的外国笔友Jim了解到北京承办过夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，想知道这对你校体育运动的影响。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.你校体育运动开展的情况；2.对学生的影响。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua参考答案1．B2．C3．C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了充满新事件和变化的少年高尔夫比赛日程。1．细节理解题。根据NotahBegayJuniorInvitational小标题下段落中“TheNotahBegayJuniorInvitationalwilloffersomethingquiteunusualtoitsparticipants:aneventbroadcastbyGolfChannel.”（NotahBegay青年邀请赛将提供一些不同寻常的东西给它的参与者：一项由高尔夫频道广播的活动。）可知，NotahBegay青年邀请赛可以在电视上播放。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据U.S.JuniorAmateur小标题下段落中“Forthefirsttimeinthe73-yearhistoryoftheU.S.JuniorAmateur,theUSGAwillrequireonemorecourse.”（在美国初级业余爱好者73年的历史上，USGA将第一次要求增加一门课程。）可知，theU.S.JuniorAmateur（美国青年业余爱好者）的课程数量发生改变。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据AJGAThunderbirdInternationalJunior小标题下段落中“butthisyear,forthefirsttime,itwillbeplayedApril9-12,…”（但今年，它将首次在4月9日至12日举行……）可知，AJGA雷鸟国际少年赛可以在四月10日观看。故选C项。4．C5．C6．A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，一位著名的教授在一所小学里做了一项研究，发现教师对孩子的爱、信念和鼓励态度的重要性。4．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whatmadetheseaveragestudentschangesomuchtobecometopstudents?Theonlydifferencewasthechangeintheteachers’attitudes(态度).”（是什么让这些普通学生改变了这么多成为尖子生？唯一的区别是教师态度的改变。），可知老师对五名普通学生态度的转变，是他们成为尖子生的主要原因。故选C项。5．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Histeachergotsotiredofhim.Onedayshesaid,“Johnny,you’rethenaughtiest(最淘气的)boyinthisclass!”ThenextyearJohnnyhadadifferentteacher.Thenewteachersaid,“Johnny,I’veheardalotaboutyou.ButIdon’tbelieveawordofit.”Johnny’snewteachertreatedhimasifhewasoneofthesmartest,best-behavedstudents.Well,youguessedit.Afterjustafewmonths,Johnnybecameoneofthetopstudentsinthatclass.Lateronhebecameagreatleader.”（他的老师对他太厌烦了。有一天她说：“约翰尼，你是班上最淘气的男孩！”第二年约翰尼换了个老师。新老师说：“约翰尼，我听说过很多关于你的事。但我一句话也不信。”约翰尼的新老师把他当作是最聪明、最乖的学生之一。你猜对了。几个月后，约翰尼就成了那个班最好的学生之一。后来他成了一个伟大的领袖。），可知新老师并没有认为约翰尼最淘气，而是把他当作是最聪明、最乖的学生之一，通过这种鼓励，约翰尼最后有所成就，这说明鼓励的重要性，它可以改变人。故选C项。6．主旨大意题。第一段讲“一位著名的教授在一所小学里做了一项研究，告诉老师五个普通学生是班上的尖子生，最后五位学生在班上得分最高”，第二段讲“五名普通学生成为尖子生的主要原因是老师对他们态度的转变，因为是尖子生，所以老师对他们有更高期待”，第三段讲“老师的鼓励（这也是一种期待）可以使学生变得更好”，第四段讲“教师对孩子的爱、信念和鼓励态度的重要性”，可知老师对学生有更好的态度、更高的期待和鼓励，学生会发展更好，说明了老师对学生期待的重要性，A项“期待最好的”为最佳标题。故选A项。7．D8．D9．A10．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明生长在我们体内的细菌——肠道微生物组有助于大脑培养重要的社交技能。7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchershaverecentlydiscoveredthatgutmicrobiome(肠道微生物群)—bacteriathatgrowwithinourbody-helpsthebrainbuildimportantsocialskills..(研究人员最近发现，肠道微生物群——在我们体内生长的细菌——有助于大脑培养重要的社交技能。)”根据文章第二段“AccordingtoapaperpublishedinPLOSBiologyinNovember,zebrafishwereusedtoresearchsubjectstotesthowalackofmicrobiomecouldaltersocialskills.(根据去年11月发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的一篇论文，斑马鱼被用于研究对象，以测试缺乏微生物组会如何改变社交技能。)可知，研究的目的是找出肠道细菌和社交行为的联系。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theexperimentstartedwithmakingagroupoffish“germ-free”throughtheirdiet.

Theothergroupwereinjectedwithahealthymixofgutbacteriaaftertheywerehatched(孵化出来).

About15dayslater,thesecondgroupbeganswimmingingroupswhilethe“germ-free”group“shockingly,didn't,”JudithEisen,aco-authorofthenewresearch,saidtoQuantaMagazine.(实验开始时，通过饮食使一组鱼“无菌”。另一组在孵化后被注射了健康的肠道细菌混合物。大约15天后，第二组开始分组游泳，而“无菌”组“令人震惊的是，没有游泳，”这项新研究的合著者JudithEisen在接受《广达》杂志采访时表示。)”可知，研究人员主要通过比较两组鱼的区别来进行研究。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theoneswholackedthegutmicrobiomehadmoreinterconnectionsamongtheneurons(神经元)intheirbrainsinchargeofsocialbehavior.

Italsoledtofewermicroglia,theneuralimmunecells(神经免疫细胞)thathelpcleanthebrain’sunwantedneurons.Withlessmicrogliatoclearthebrain'sneurons,socialneuronswereseentohaveovergrown.Thismadethefishmorecautiousinsocialsituations.(那些缺乏肠道微生物组的人负责社会行为的大脑神经元之间有更多的相互联系。它还导致了小胶质细胞的减少，这种神经免疫细胞有助于清除大脑中不需要的神经元。清除大脑神经元的小胶质细胞减少，社交神经元被认为过度生长。这使得鱼在社交场合更加谨慎。)”可知，缺乏肠道微生物的小鱼脑中的社交神经元过度生长，使得这类小鱼在社交场合更谨慎。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However,socialphobia,orsocialanxietydisorder,canbeaseriousillnessifoverlooked.

AccordingtotheNationalHealthServiceintheUK,itismorethanshynessbutinsteadaconstantfearofsocialsituations.Patientsmayexperiencepanicattackswhichareanoverwhelmingfearandanxietythatlastforafewminutes.(然而，如果忽视社交恐惧症或社交焦虑障碍，可能会成为一种严重的疾病。根据英国国家医疗服务体系的说法，这不仅仅是害羞，而是对社交场合的持续恐惧。患者可能会经历恐慌发作，这是一种持续几分钟的压倒性的恐惧和焦虑。)”可知，作者认为社交恐惧症应该得到认真对待。故选C。11．C12．B13．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，交通拥堵会影响身体健康。11．细节理解题。根据第三段中“OnediscoverythatHoehnerfoundalittlesurprisingwashow‘beingcaughtinheavytrafficcanleadtohigherbloodpressure.’(Hoehner发现的一个有点令人惊讶的发现是，‘交通拥堵会导致血压升高。’)”可知，交通越繁忙，血压越高。故选C。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theyrecordedtheircommutingdistances,bodymassindices(体重指数)andbloodpressure.Thelocalsreportedtheirphysicalactivityforthelastthreemonths.(他们记录了他们的通勤距离、体重指数和血压。当地人报告了他们过去三个月的体育活动)”可知，科学家记录通勤距离、体重指数、血压和锻炼情况，说明他们主要是通过收集信息来完成研究的。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Commutersshouldfindwaystoworkphysicalactivityintotheirworkdaysbydoingthingslikewalkingduringworkbreaks.Employerscouldalsohelpbyencouragingfitnessbreaks.’saidHoehner.(“上班族应该想办法在工作时间进行体育锻炼，比如在工作间隙散步。雇主也可以通过鼓励健身休息来提供帮助。”Hoehner说)”可知，Hoehner建议上班族应该在工作间隙多走动，雇主应该创造机会让员工多运动，故他是从两方面给出建议。故选B。14．D15．B16．F17．A18．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述的是美国社会保障局每年都会发布一份年度最受欢迎婴儿名字榜单。文章揭示了随着社会和文化的变化，备受喜欢的婴儿的名字也会变化的社会事实。14．根据后文的“Forexample,namessuchasDorothy(forgirls)andWalter(forboys)werepopularinthe1910s.Butthesedays,thesenamesareconsideredtobeold-fashioned.(例如，多萝西(女孩名)和沃尔特(男孩名)等名字在20世纪10年代很流行。但如今，这些名字被认为是过时的。)”可知，随着时代的变迁，不同时期流行的名字是不一样的。D选项“Thelistshowsthatsocietyandculturechangeovertime.(该榜单显示，社会和文化在不断变化。)”强调的是备受喜欢的名字随着社会和文化在不断的变化。引起下文。故选D。15．根据前文的“Forexample,namessuchasDorothy(forgirls)andWalter(forboys)werepopularinthe1910s.Butthesedays,thesenamesareconsideredtobeold-fashioned.(例如，多萝西(女孩名)和沃尔特(男孩名)等名字在20世纪10年代很流行。但如今，这些名字被认为是过时的。)”可知，多萝西(女孩名)和沃尔特(男孩名)等名字在过去是流行的，但是现在被认为是过时的。B选项“Someevenrefertothemas“oldpeoplenames”.(有些人甚至称它们为“老人的名字”。)”中的them指代的是前文的“多萝西(女孩名)和沃尔特(男孩名)等名字”，与前文构成递进关系，指出甚至还有人觉得这些名词是老人的名字。符合句意。故选B。16．根据后文的“Ithappenstobemyname.(它碰巧是我的名字。)”可知，此处强调的是我的名字。F选项“Forexample,inthe1980s,whenIwasborn,themostcommonnamewasMichael.(例如，在80年代，我出生的时候，最常见的名字是迈克尔。)”中的Michael与下文的it呼应，指出的是我的名字就是Michael。故选F。17．根据后文的“Forexample,thename“Isabella”sawahugejumpinpopularityin2009.(例如，“伊莎贝拉”这个名字在2009年人气飙升。)”以及“ThiswasbecauseofthesuccessoftheTwilightfilmseries,inwhichoneofthemaincharactersisnamedIsabella.(这是因为《暮光之城》系列电影的成功，其中一个主角名叫伊莎贝拉。)”可知，某个名字之所以备受喜欢，是因为受到流行文化的影响如电影。故设空处应该强调该点内容。A选项“Evenpopculturecaninfluencehowpopularnamesbecome.(甚至流行文化也会影响名字的流行程度。)”与此呼应，能够引起下文。故选A。18．根据前文“ThiswasbecauseofthesuccessoftheTwilightfilmseries,inwhichoneofthemaincharactersisnamedIsabella.(这是因为《暮光之城》系列电影的成功，其中一个主角名叫伊莎贝拉。)”可知，受到流行文化的影响，某个名字会备受欢迎。G选项“Butit’sordinarynameslikeJohnandJanethathavealwaysbeenpopularandprobablyalwayswillbe.(但是像约翰和简这样的普通名字一直都很受欢迎，也许以后也会如此。)”与前文构成转折关系。强调的是，某些名字只是受到流行文化的影响而备受喜欢，但是像约翰和简这样的普通名字一直都很受欢迎。G选项承接前文。故选G。19．D20．C21．A22．B23．A24．D25．A26．C27．C28．B29．A30．C31．D32．D33．B34．A35．C36．B37．B38．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了CohenEarley因为癌症失去了部分腿，他渴望踢球，现在经过几个月的治疗，他终于实现了这个梦想。文章介绍了他癌症被发现以及治疗的经过和目前的生活状况。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他渴望踢球，现在经过几个月的治疗，他终于实现了这个梦想。A.afraid害怕的；B.easy容易的；C.helpless无助的；D.eager渴望的。根据后文“hehasfinallyachievedthatdream”可知他渴望踢球。故选D。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他渴望踢球，现在经过几个月的治疗，他终于实现了这个梦想.A.rest休息；B.attempt尝试；C.treatment治疗；D.study学习。根据后文“afterhelostpartofhislegbecauseofcancer”可知，他因为癌症失去了一部分腿，所以要经过治疗才能实现这个梦想。故选C。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，厄利女士带他上床睡觉时，发现他的小腿上有一个高尔夫球大小的肿块，这令人震惊。A.leg腿；B.arm胳膊；C.face脸；D.neck脖子。根据上文“helostpartofhislegbecauseofcancer”可知，是腿上发现了肿块。故选A。22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她立刻带他去看医生，医生建议她做更多的检查。A.secretly秘密地；B.immediately立即；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.suddenly突然。根据上文“Shetookhimtothedoctors”可知发现了肿块，于是立即去看了医生。故选B。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她立刻带他去看医生，医生建议她做更多的检查。A.tests测试，检查；B.trips旅行；C.medicines药物；D.chances机会。呼应后文“Testswerecarriedoutatthehospital”指做检查。故选A。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院里进行了检查，医生向科恩的家人宣布了这个可怕的消息：科恩得了癌症。A.great棒的；B.relaxing令人放松的；C.inspiring鼓舞人心的；D.terrible可怕的。根据后文“Cohenhadcancer”可知得了癌症是可怕的消息。故选D。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们从来没有想到它会像癌症一样严重。A.imagined想象；B.agreed同意；C.promised承诺；D.argued争论。根据后文“itwouldbeanythingasseriousascancer.Hewasonlyfour.”可知没有想象到会是癌症这么严重的疾病。故选A。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同年11月，科恩接受了切除四分之一小腿的手术。A.protect保护；B.bend弯曲；C.remove去除；D.hide隐藏。呼应第一段中“helostpartofhislegbecauseofcancer”指切除四分之一小腿。故选C。27．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了从6月到12月的化疗，科恩还接受了一个月的放疗。A.Insteadof而不是；B.Inspiteof尽管；C.Inadditionto此外；D.Incomparisonto相比。根据后文“chemotherapytreatmentfromJuneuntilDecember”可知，除了切除手术，还接受了化疗。故选C。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，他经历了几个月的痛苦。A.dream梦想；B.process过程；C.occasion场合；D.preparation准备。此处指接受化疗的过程很痛苦。故选B。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一场漫长而艰难的战斗。A.battle战斗；B.task任务；C.duty义务；D.flight航班。此处指和癌症作斗争，应用battle。故选A。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一能让他坚持下去的事情就是再次踢球，这给了他一个努力的目标。A.method方法；B.emotion情感；C.goal目标；D.pattern模式。根据上文“Theonlythingtokeephimgoingwastoplayfootballagain,whichgavehim”可知渴望再次踢球给了他目标。故选C。31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：科恩熬过了这一切，终于在今年1月结束了治疗，医生现在已经给他解除了一切危险。A.gotacross越过；B.benefitedfrom受益；C.recoveredfrom恢复；D.comethrough经历。根据后文“theend-oftreatmentbellinJanuarythisyear”可知科恩熬过了这一切，终于在今年1月结束了治疗，故选D。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科恩熬过了这一切，终于在今年1月结束了治疗，医生现在已经给他解除了一切危险。A.spotted发现；B.shot射击；C.tapped困住；D.rang响铃。根据后文“theend-oftreatmentbellinJanuarythisyear”指结束治疗，应用ringthebell。故选D。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种癌症很危险，而且有复发的可能，所以科恩必须每三个月进行一次检查。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Somehow不知怎么；D.Anyway无论如何。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选B。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种癌症很危险，而且有复发的可能，所以科恩必须每三个月进行一次检查。A.returning返回；B.surviving幸存；C.winning赢得；D.proving证明。根据上文“thecancerisdangerousandthereisachanceofit”可知，这种癌症很危险，而且有复发的可能，故选A。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种癌症很危险，而且有复发的可能，所以科恩必须每三个月进行一次检查。A.input输入；B.breakthroughs突破；C.check-ups检查；D.update更新。根据后文“everythreemonths”可知因为有复发的危险，所以科恩必须每三个月进行一次检查。故选C。36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他终于可以穿上他的足球鞋，再次踢足球时，他一定非常高兴。A.buy买；B.kick踢；C.own拥有；D.lend借给。根据后文宾语afootball指踢球应用kick。故选B。37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄利女士补充道：“现在他又开始享受生活了，这是最重要的。”A.regretted后悔；B.added增加；C.hesitated犹豫；D.responded回答。后文是厄利女士补充对科恩生活的补充说明，应用add。故选B。38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生会密切关注他的病情，但目前还没有复发的迹象。A.awareness意识；B.intention意图；C.option选择；D.sign迹象。根据后文“ofitcomingback”中it指的是癌症，所以是癌症复发的迹象。故选D。39．came40．lost41．that42．Luckily43．the44．users45．their46．unavailable47．and48．totake【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍抖音针对青少年沉迷于刷视频现象推出的青少年模式的内容、用途和影响。39．考查动词时态。句意：2016年，一款新的软件抖音诞生了，它可以帮助人们与他人分享有趣的事情。空处缺少句子的谓语，comeintobeing意为“形成，产生”，为固定短语，根据“In2016”可知，句子为一般过去时，动词come用过去式came。故填came。40．考查固定短语短语。句意：然而，越来越多的青少年对抖音如此疯狂，以至于他们迷失在其中。belostin意为“埋头于、迷失于”，是固定短语。故填lost。41．考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，TikTok对我们的青少年有负面影响。Thereisnodoubtthat...是固定句型，意为“毫无疑