2013年第一轮知识梳理英语lesson

高三自主招生冲刺课程英语主讲人：朱一QQ1580392721Mobile概述我们的课程主要面向华师大、财大、上外等上海市知名大学的英语课程。虽说这些学校的题型都各自并不完全相同，但是基础的题型大多是一致的。每个学校的历年真题中基本都有1.词汇题2.阅读理解题3.完形填空题

4.翻译题

5.写作题

即使不是这些题型，也是从它们中衍生而出.因此我们从基础版块入手.课程版块分布I.词汇部分通过秋季班15节课，帮助同学们掌握四级和高考的主要词汇，能够在各个学校的单项选择和阅读、写作等方面得到显著的提高。II.阅读部分进行四六级和高考混合的阅读理解和完形填空练习，通过练习巩固同学们的语法和搭配知识.III.翻译部分根据历年真题，同时也参照四六级考试的改革趋势，给大家进行关于科学、哲学、生活、文化等内容的段落的翻译练习。IIII.写作部分分为议论文写作和应用文写作两个部分，教授大家写作的标准、步骤以及习作和真题的练习和讲解.IIIII.语法部分内容不多但是精炼，帮助大家在高中语法的基础上掌握一些在自主招生考试中多次出现知识点.让我们看一些真题：2009.SISU.17.

Before

the

decision

is

made,

one

should

know

that

failure

inthis

required

subject

may

result

in

the

ofadiploma.A.

denial B.

refusal C.

betrayal D.

burial2011.ECNU.16.

To

my

surprise,

at

yesterday’s

meeting

he

again

theplan

that

had

been

disapproved

of

a

week

before.A.

brought

aboutC.

brought

upB.

brought

outD.brought

down2012.SISU.32. A

mutation

is

a

change

in

DNA,

the

hereditary

material

of

life.A.

reaction B.

interaction C.

alteration D.

deviation2012.SUFE.11.—

Could

I

use

your

notebook

computer?—Sorry.Itsuddenly

yesterday

morning

and

is

being

repaired

in

theshop.A.broke

up B.

broke

off C.

broke

down D.

broke

outD.relieveThe

first

regards

stress

as

coming

from

how

you

your

situation.A.believe

B.perceive

C.receiveWe

are

looking

for

someone

with

a

real

sense

of

B．commitmentD．commissionto

the

job．A．committeeC．communityHis

hands

were

wet

with

(

).There

is

no

better

way

of

finding

()

for

your

own

garden

thanby

visiting

others.His

( )

grew

fainter

throughout

the

day.He

has

an

( )

to e

a

scientist.A

aspirationC

respirationB

inspiration

D

perspirationThe

first

and

smallest

unit

that

can

bediscussed

in

relationto

language

is

the

word.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis

66

theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof

67

breakdowninthecommunication

68

.Toooften,carelessuseofwords

69

a

meetingof

theminds

of

thespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay

70

unfavorablereactionsinthelistener

71

interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-reception

system

breaks

down.

72

,

inaccurate

or

indefinite

words

may

make

it

difficult

for

the

listener

tounderstandthemessagewhichisbeing

73

to

him.The

speakerwho

does

nothavespecificwordsinhis

74

vocabularymaybe

75

to

explain

ordescribeina

way

that

canbe

understoodby

hislisteners.A.

ofA.

inaccessibleA.cycleA.

encouragesA.

pass

outA.

whoA.MoreoverA.

deliveredA.

academicA.

obscureB.

atB.timelyB.technologyB.

preventsB.

take

awayB.asB.

HoweverB.

accessibleB.

specialB.difficultC.

forC.

likelyC.

deliveryC.

destroysC.

back

upC.

whichC.PreliminarilyC.

availableC.

workingC.impossibleD.

onD.

invalidD.

skillD.

facilitateD.

stir

upD.

whatD.

UnexpectedlyD.

transmittedD.

generalD.

unableThe

first

and

smallest

unit

that

can

bediscussed

in

relationto

language

is

the

word.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis

66

theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof

67

breakdowninthecommunication

68

.Toooften,carelessuseofwords

69

a

meetingof

theminds

of

thespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay

70

unfavorablereactionsinthelistener

71

interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-reception

system

breaks

down.

72

,

inaccurate

or

indefinite

words

may

make

it

difficult

for

the

listener

tounderstandthemessagewhichisbeing

73

to

him.The

speakerwho

does

nothavespecificwordsinhis

74

vocabularymaybe

75

to

explain

ordescribeina

way

that

canbe

understoodby

hislisteners.

A.ofA.inaccessibleA.

cycleA.

encouragesA.

pass

outA.whoA.MoreoverA.

deliveredA.

academicA.

obscureB.

atB.timelyB.

technologyB.

preventsB.

take

awayB.asB.

HoweverB.

accessibleB.

specialB.difficultC.

forC.

likelyC.

deliveryC.

destroysC.

back

upC.which

C.PreliminarilyC.

availableC.workingC.impossibleD.

onD.

invalidD.

skillD.

facilitateD.

stir

up

D.

whatD.

UnexpectedlyD.

transmittedD.

generalD.

unable

2013.ECNU.The

cause

of

the

decline

of

North

Africa

is

popularly

attributedto

climatic

changes,

the

theory

begin

that

the

area

became

hotter

anddrier

and

the

people

were

forced

to

abandon

a

thrivingcivilization.However,some

geologists,after

carefully

weighing

theevidence,have

challenged

the

conclusion

that

the

climate

has

changed

inany

important

way

since

Roman

times.Although

climatological

factorsmay

also

have

contributed,it

was

man

who

destroyed

the

balance

ofnature

responsible

for

maintaining

soil

fertility,and

moisture.2013.ECNU.The

cause

of

the

decline

of

North

Africa

is

popularly

attributedto

climatic

changes,

the

theory

begin

that

the

area

became

hotter

anddrier

and

the

people

were

forced

to

abandon

a

thrivingcivilization.However,some

geologists,after

carefully

weighing

theevidence,have

challenged

the

conclusion

that

the

climate

has

changed

inany

important

way

since

Roman

times.Although

climatological

factorsmay

also

have

contributed,it

was

man

who

destroyed

the

balance

ofnature

responsible

for

maintaining

soil

fertility,and

moisture.人们普遍认为北非衰落的原因是气候的变化，这是一种土地变得更热更干旱，则人们将必须放弃繁荣文化的理论。但是，一些地理学家在仔细研究了现有资料和证物后对既有结论提出了疑问，因为那里的气候并未发生过重大变化。虽然气候因素也可能是导致这样情况发生的原因之一，但人类才是破坏了土壤肥力和水分平衡的罪魁祸首。假如你是李华，刚刚收到两年前参观过你市的英国笔友Mike的来信询问近来公共交通状况，请你简要介绍武汉市政府采取的四条措施，并且从中选取一条或两条，结合自己的经历，写一篇短文，告诉Mike你的感受和想法。

1.降低公汽票价

2.推行免费自行车租赁

3.修建4条地铁

4.增加出租车数量注意：1.字数120左右，所给的开头语不计在内

2.参考词汇：bikerental自行车租赁Dear

Mike,You

asked

me

about

the

present

situation

of

the

public

transportation

inWuhan

in

the

last

letter.Yours, Li

huaDear

Mike,You

asked

me

about

the

present

situation

of

the

public

transportation

in

Wuhan

in

the

last

letter.

Here

I’m

very

glad

to

sharesomething

with

you.Our

city

government

has

been

trying

their

bestto

improve

the

public

transportation

since

twoyears

ago.The

measuresinclude

reducing

bus

ticket

prices,

developing

a

bike

rental

system,constructingfour

subways

plus

adding

more

taxies.I

am

lucky

to

be

one

of

the

citizens

who

have

benefitedfrom

thebike

rental

system.

It

is

totally

free

and

has

covered

most

urban

areasin

Wuhan,

where

I

can

easily

rent

a

bike

and

go

anywhere

I

like

without

being

caught

in

traffic

jams.

More

and

more

peopleare

usingbikes

instead

of

cars,

because

riding

bikes

not

only

saves

energy

butTopic:How

to

choose

a

college?Many

senior

school

students

are

faced

with

the

headache

choicebetween

big

universities

and

small

ones.

Apart

from

differentrequirements,

each

has

advantages

and

disadvantages.

If

you

askme

what

my

preference

is,

my

answer

is

that

I

would

like

to

go

toa

big

university.A

big

university

attracts

me

for

sound

reasons.

More

qualifiedteaching

staff,

higher

aims

and

better

conditions

are

helpful

tostudents

studying

there.

What

is

more,various

lecturesorganizedby

more

colleges

and

departments

make

students

in

differentmajors

form

all

round

opinions

on

things.

And

diverse

activitiesenrich

students＇life

after

school.

Additionally,

a

big

gardencampus

provides

a

satisfying

environment

for

studying

andlivingfor

four

or

more

years.Thoughmore

students

might

mean

more

competitions,

though

Imight

be

a

small

fish

in

a

big

pond,

I

will

be

motivated

to

workharder.

In

a

big

university,I

believe,

my

visions

will

be

broadened,and

my

college

life

will

be

a

more

fruitful

and

colorful

one.

Inaword,

I

am

inclined

to

study

in

a

big

university.词汇部分vt.遵守vt.忍受

vt.废除，取消

a.理论上的n.抽象

a.不合理的，荒唐的

n.同谋a.附属的vt.承认；告知收到

vt.使认识，使了

vi.粘附；追随；坚持

a.毗连的；紧接着的n.局(或署、处等)

a.空气的；航空的

vt.断言，批准；证实n.鼓动，煸动；搅动n.代数学abide

abolishabstractabsurdaccessoryacknowledgeacquaintadhereadjacentadministrationaerialaffirmagitationalgebraalienalignmentallieda.外国的n.外国人

n.队列；结盟，联合a.联合的；联姻的n津贴，补助费allowanceallyalterationalternaten.盟国，同盟者，伙伴

n.变更，改变；蚀变

vt.使交替a.交替的amateurambassadorambientambiguousampleamplitudeanalogyanalytic(al)anodeantennaantiqueapparentappendixaptarcharcticarrayascendascribeassertassessmenta.业余的n.业余爱好者

n.大使，使节a.周围的，包围着的

a.模棱两可的；分歧的a.足够的；宽敞的n.广大；充足；振幅

n.相似，类似；比拟

a.分析的；分解的

n.阳极，正极，板极

n.触角；天线

a.古代的n.古物

a.显然的n.附录，附属物；阑尾

a.恰当的；聪明的n.拱门vt.用拱连接a.北极的n.北极

vt.装扮n.队列；排列vi.攀登，登高；追溯

vt.把…归于

vt.断言，宣称；维护n.估定；查定；估计数abide

v.遵守，忍受tolerate;endure;bear;accept

willinglyabideby遵守（法律、规则、协议等）,信守（诺言、原则等），服从（决定等）

obey

exactly

or

remain

faithful

toWe

must

abide

by

the

rules

of

thegame.我们必须遵守游戏规则。Ifyoujointheclub

youmustabidebyitsrules.如果你加入这个俱乐部，就必须遵守俱乐部的规定。一旦你许诺,你必须遵守你的诺言。abide

v.遵守，忍受tolerate;endure;bear;accept

willinglyabideby遵守（法律、规则、协议等）,信守（诺言、原则等），服从（决定等）

obey

exactly

or

remain

faithful

toWe

must

abide

by

the

rules

of

thegame.我们必须遵守游戏规则。Ifyoujointheclub

youmustabidebyitsrules.如果你加入这个俱乐部，就必须遵守俱乐部的规定。一旦你许诺,你必须遵守你的诺言。Once

youmake

a

promise,

youmust

abide

by

it.

abide作“容忍,忍受”解时,指长时间忍受不愉快的事情,容忍别人的行为或者忍受自身的痛苦或不幸而不屈服,侧重耐心与顺从。常用于否定句或疑问句中，常与can/could连用。She

can't

abide

that

man.她无法忍受那个男人。She

couldn't

abide

to

live

in

poverty.她过不了穷日子。abolish

vt.废除，取消officially

end

a

law,a

system

or

an

institutionabolish是正式用词,基本意思是正式停止或终止某事的存在活动或执行,全部或永远“废除,废止,取消”,强调其明确性和彻底性.它是及物动词,接简单宾语,可用于被动结构。abolish&cancel从搭配上说:abolish常用于旧的法律、规章、风俗、习惯或社会制度等;cancel常用于契约、合同、特许、约束、义务、个人债务、安排、计划、会议、假期、约会、证书等abolish

a

ban

取消禁令 abolish

a

constitutional

law

废除一项符合宪法的法规abolisha

department撤销一个机构

abolishasystem废除一种制度

abolish

child

labour禁雇童工abolish

a

post撤销一个职位abolish

abuses

of

power铲除滥用权力的现象

abolish

control取消控制AbrahamLincolnabolishedslaveryintheUnitedStates.亚伯拉罕·林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。There

aremany

bad

customs

and

laws

that

ought

to

be

abolished.有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。acquaintvt.使认识，使了oneself

make

sb/oneself

familiar

withor

aware

of

sthacquaint

sb.

with

sth.

使某人了解某事I

will

acquaint

you

with

the

facts.我会把事实告诉你的。Travel

will

acquaint

you

with

new

customs.旅行会使你熟悉一些新的习俗。acquaint

sb.

that告诉某人I

wish

to

acquaint

you

that

your

friend

has

already

left.我想告知你,你的朋友早已走了。你必须熟悉自己的新职务。acquaintvt.使认识，使了oneself

make

sb/oneself

familiar

withor

aware

of

sthacquaint

sb.

with

sth.

使某人了解某事I

will

acquaint

you

with

the

facts.我会把事实告诉你的。Travel

will

acquaint

you

with

new

customs.旅行会使你熟悉一些新的习俗。acquaint

sb.

that告诉某人I

wish

to

acquaint

you

that

your

friend

has

already

left.我想告知你,你的朋友早已走了。你必须熟悉自己的新职务。You

must

acquaint

yourself

with

your

new

duties.acquainted熟悉的，认识的

be

acquainted

withI

am

acquainted

with

her.我认识她adherevi.粘附；追随；坚持stick

firmly；follow

sth；givesupport

to

sthadhere的基本意思是“黏附,附着”,指用胶水、糨糊、黏结剂等粘贴,强调把某物紧紧地固定在另一物的表面上,引申可表示明显独立的各部位因发展而产生“依附”,用于人时则指有意或自愿接受教义或信仰等,即“坚持决定、习惯、意见、计划等”。

adhere

to遵守，坚持Iwilladhereto

thisopinionuntil

contraryfacts

appear.如果没有相反的事实，我将坚持我的意见。We

decided

to

adhere

to

the

program.我们决定支持这个方案。我们应当坚持我们的意见。adherevi.粘附；追随；坚持stick

firmly；follow

sth；givesupport

to

sthadhere的基本意思是“黏附,附着”,指用胶水、糨糊、黏结剂等粘贴,强调把某物紧紧地固定在另一物的表面上,引申可表示明显独立的各部位因发展而产生“依附”,用于人时则指有意或自愿接受教义或信仰等,即“坚持决定、习惯、意见、计划等”。

adhere

to遵守，坚持Iwilladhereto

thisopinionuntil

contraryfacts

appear.如果没有相反的事实，我将坚持我的意见。We

decided

to

adhere

to

the

program.我们决定支持这个方案。我们应当坚持我们的意见。We

should

adhere

to

our

opinions.adherent

n.追随者；拥护者；信徒He

isaleaderwithmanyadherents.他是个有众多追随者的领袖。alteration

n.变更，改变；蚀变There

is

a

structural

alteration

to

the

building.这座建筑物在这有一处结构上的改变动词形式为alter e

different;

change;

make

sth

differentBut

nothing

can

alter

the

facts.但任何东西也改变不了这些事实。alternate

vt.使交替a.交替的(of

two

things)happeningby

turnsOne

should

alternate

work

and

relaxation.工作和休息应交替进行。Tomand

Harry

do

the

work

on

alternate

days.汤姆和哈里隔日轮流做这工作。alternate

sth

with

sth轮流，交换Wet

days

alternates

with

fine

days.下雨天和晴天相间而来。隔周四开会。alteration

n.变更，改变；蚀变There

is

a

structural

alteration

to

the

building.这座建筑物在这有一处结构上的改变动词形式为alter e

different;

change;

make

sth

differentBut

nothing

can

alter

the

facts.但任何东西也改变不了这些事实。alternate

vt.使交替a.交替的(of

two

things)happeningby

turnsOne

should

alternate

work

and

relaxation.工作和休息应交替进行。Tomand

Harry

do

the

work

on

alternate

days.汤姆和哈里隔日轮流做这工作。alternate

sth

with

sth轮流，交换Wet

days

alternates

with

fine

days.下雨天和晴天相间而来。隔周四开会。amateur

a.业余的done

for

enjoyment

or

interest,not

as

a

jobn.业余爱好者a

person

without

experience

or

skill

in

a

particular

art,sport,

etc.amateur用作形容词时意思是“业余的,非职业的”,指从事某事的过程中所表现出的态度或方法是“业余的”,即与“职业的”相对,缺乏专门知识、经验You'rea

professional,

but

I

am

an

amateur.你是专业的,而我是业余的。Although

Tom's

only

an

amateur

he's

a

first-class

player.虽然汤姆只是个业余爱好者,但却是一流的高手业余的和职业的摄影者均可参赛。amateur

a.业余的done

for

enjoyment

or

interest,not

as

a

jobn.业余爱好者a

person

without

experience

or

skill

in

a

particular

art,sport,

etc.amateur用作形容词时意思是“业余的,非职业的”,指从事某事的过程中所表现出的态度或方法是“业余的”,即与“职业的”相对,缺乏专门知识、经验You'rea

professional,

but

I

am

an

amateur.你是专业的,而我是业余的。Although

Tom's

only

an

amateur

he's

a

first-class

player.虽然汤姆只是个业余爱好者,但却是一流的高手业余的和职业的摄影者均可参赛。The

competition

is

open

to

both

amateur

and

professional

photographers.职业的

n./a.

professional内行的 n./a.connoisseur门外汉 n.

laymenambiguousa.模棱两可的；分歧的having

more

thanone

possible

meaning;

uncertain

in

meaning

or

intentionambiguous的基本意思是“引起歧义的”“模棱两可的,含混不清的”,指事物有两种以上的解释,模棱两可,含混不清,多用于字词、语句、文章等。He

gave

us

an

ambiguous

answer.他给了我们一个模棱两可的答复。“Indian”is

an

ambiguous

word

because

it

can

refer

to

an

American

Indian

oranative

of

India.

“Indian”是个意义不明确的词，因为它既可以指一个美国印第安人，又可以指印度人。ambiguous

answer模棱两可的回答

ambiguous

future不明朗的前景

ambiguous

glance意向不明的一瞥

ambiguous

reply模棱两可的回答ambiguous

attitude暧昧的态度

ambiguous

gesture用意含糊的手势

ambiguous

position暧昧的立场

ambiguous

statement模棱两可的说法为什么你总是对这个问题含糊不清？Why

are

you

always

so

ambiguousaboutthisproblem?ascribevt.把…归于believe(sth)

to

be

the

resultor

work

ofascribe通常与介词to搭配,表示“把…归于…”或“认为…属于…”。可用于被动结构。

ascribe

to归于He

ascribes

his

success

to

good

luck.他把他的成功归功于幸运。It's

wrong

to

ascribe

all

that

have

happenedsimply

to

the

war.把发生的一切归咎于战争是错误的。我们认为这些政策十分重要ascribevt.把…归于believe(sth)

to

be

the

resultor

work

ofascribe通常与介词to搭配,表示“把…归于…”或“认为…属于…”。可用于被动结构。

ascribe

to归于He

ascribes

his

success

to

good

luck.他把他的成功归功于幸运。It's

wrong

to

ascribe

all

that

have

happenedsimply

to

the

war.把发生的一切归咎于战争是错误的。我们