托福作文写作范文详解ofesso

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingProfessorsarenormallyfoundinuniversityclassrooms,offices,andlibrariesdoingresearchandlecturingtotheirstudents.Moreandmore,however,theyalsoappearasguestsontelevisionnewsprograms,givingexpertcommentaryonthelatesteventsintheworld.Thesetelevisionappearancesareofgreatbenefittotheprofessorsthemselvesaswellastotheiruniversitiesandthegeneralpublic.Professorsbenefitfromappearingontelevisionbecausebydoingsotheyacquirereputationsasauthoritiesintheiracademicfieldsamongamuchwideraudiencethantheyhaveoncampus.Ifaprofessorpublishesviewsinanacademicjournal,onlyotherscholarswilllearnaboutandappreciatethoseviews.ButwhenaprofessorappearsonTV,thousandsofpeopleoutsidethenarrowacademiccommunitybecomeawareoftheprofessor’sideas.Sowhenprofessorssharetheirideaswithatelevisionaudience,theprofessors’importanceasscholarsisenhanced.Universitiesalsobenefitfromsuchappearances.TheuniversitiesreceivepositivepublicitywhentheirprofessorsappearonTV.Whenpeopleseeaknowledgeablefacultymemberofauniversityontelevision,theythinkmorehighlyofthatuniversity.Thatthenleadstoanimprovedreputationfortheuniversity.Andthatimprovedreputationinturnleadstomoredonationsfortheuniversityandmoreapplicationsfrompotentialstudents.Finally,thepublicgainsfromprofessors’appearingontelevision.Mosttelevisionviewersnormallyhavenocontactwithuniversityprofessors.Whenprofessorsappearontelevision,viewershaveachancetolearnfromexpertsandtobeexposedtoviewstheymightotherwiseneverhearabout.Televisionisgenerallyamediumforcommentarythattendstobesuperficial,notdeeporthoughtful.Fromprofessorsontelevision,bycontrast,viewersgetatasteofrealexpertiseandinsight.Listening:ProfessorLately,we’vebeenseeingsomeprofessorsontelevision.Thoughit’ssometimesclaimedtobeagoodthing,weshouldquestionwhetheranybodyreallybenefitsfromit.Firstofall,it’snotgoodfortheprofessorsthemselves—notfromaprofessionalstandpoint.Rightlyorwrongly,aprofessorwhoappearsonTVtendstogetthereputationamongfellowprofessorsofbeingsomeonewhoisnotaseriousscholar—someonewhochoosestoentertainratherthantoeducate.Andforthatreason,TVprofessorsmaynotbeinvitedtoimportantconferences—importantmeetingstodiscusstheiracademicwork.Theymayevenhavedifficultygettingmoneytodoresearch.Soforprofessors,beingaTVcelebrityhasimportantdisadvantages.AsecondpointisthatbeingonTVcantakealotofaprofessor’stime—notjustthetimeonTVbutalsotimefiguringoutwhattopresentandtimespentrehearsing,traveltime,eventimegettingmadeuptolookgoodforthecameras.Andallthistimecomesoutofthetimetheprofessorcanspenddoingresearch,meetingwithstudents,andattendingtouniversitybusiness.SoyoucancertainlyseethereareproblemsfortheuniversityanditsstudentswhenprofessorsareintheTVstudioandnotoncampus.Sowhodoesbenefit?Thepublic?That’snotsocleareither.Look,professorsdohavealotofknowledgetooffer,butTVnetworksdon’twantreallyseriousin‐depthacademiclecturesforafter‐dinnerviewing.Whatthenetworkswantistheacademictitle,nottheintellectualsubstance.ThematerialthatprofessorsusuallypresentonTV—suchasbackgroundoncurrentevents,orsomebriefhistoricalintroductiontoanewmovieversionofagreatliterarywork—thismaterialisnotmuchdifferentfromwhatviewerswouldgetfromaTVreporterwhohaddonealittlehomework.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageTheme:TheunstoppableinvasionfromZMwillleadtoseriousimpactonnativefishKeypoint1:Owingtoships,ZMwillquicklytakeoverallthehabitatsinNorthAmericaKeypoint2:Universitiescangetbetterreputation,moredonationsandmoreapplicantsKeypoint3:PublicpeoplecanobtainmoreinsightfulandprofoundknowledgeLectureTheme:Question,benefitsKeywords1:Serious,entertain,educate,invited,conferences,difficulty,money,researchKeywords2:Time,research,students,universitybusiness,TVstudio,oncampusKeywords3:Public,in‐depth,title,substance,background,briefintroduction,different,TVreporter范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Thepassageintroducesthreereasonswhyprofessorsshouldappearontelevisions:gainingreputationfortheprofessor,forthecollegeandtoeducatethegeneralpublic.However,thelecturedisagrees.此段功能简单概括了文章中的主要观点，即教授上电视节目对本人、学校及大众都有益处。然后提出演讲直接反对了这些观点，为下文论述做好铺垫。此段结构此段是并列结构，分别陈述了文章及演讲中的观点。Paragraph2Thepassagepresentsaplausibleviewthatprofessorsappearingontelevisionsmakesthemauthoritiesandactuallygivestheaccesstoawideraudiencethatthestudentsattheiruniversities.However,prudentasitmightseem,thelecturerstatesthatsuchprofessorswhoappearfrequentlyontelevisionsarenotgenerallyviewedasseriousscholarsamongtheirfellowprofessors.Asaresult,thoseprofessorswillreceivelessinvitationtoattendacademicconferencesorlesslikelytoreceiveresearchgrants.Thisseriouslyhinderstheprofessor’sopportunitytofurthergrowasaresearcher.此段功能此段从正反两个方面分别陈述了文章及演讲中的观点。文章认为教授上电视节目使得更广泛的听众可以有机会接触到他们的课程；然而演讲驳斥说，经常上节目的教授会因此在学术发展上减少机会，限制了其发展。此段结构此段从正反两个方面进行对比，采用的是并列结构。Paragraph3Sufficetonote,thereadingstatesthatuniversitiesdobenefitwhentheirprofessorsappearontelevisionsbecausepublictakeofsuchfacultymembersisthatauniversityisofhighstature,leadingtoworshipedreputationandthusawaytosolicitdonations.Thatsaid,thelecturerrefutestheclaimbystatingthatsuchprofessorswhofrequentlyappearontelevisionsalsohaveanegativeeffectonstudentsandtheuniversity.Appearingontelevisionstakesalotoftimetoprepare,includingpreparationforthematerial,transportationtimeandeventimetodressup.Thisprecioustimecanalsobeusedtoteachclass,helpstudents,orevendofurtherresearch.Asaresult,professorswhoappearontelevisionswastealotoftimethatcanbeusedtocontributetoteachingandresearch.此段功能此段从正反两个方面分别陈述了文章及演讲中的观点。文章认为教授上节目可以增加学校的声誉并由此增加捐款，但演讲中驳斥道，教授上节目将花费非常多的时间和精力，从而事实上会影响教学与研究。此段结构此段从正反两个方面进行对比，采用的是并列结构。Paragraph4Itisacommendableanalysisfromthereadingthatwhenprofessorsappearontelevision,thepublicthatusuallyhasnochanceofmeetingsuchlearnedpeoplethenbenefitsbecauseitmanagestointeractwiththeprofessors.However,theviewisdilutedbythelecturer'sclaimthatprofessorsappearingontelevisionsdonotusuallyhelpeducatethegeneralpublic.Thetelevisionnetworkisnotinterestedinhavingtheprofessorexplainingintellectualsubstancesoftheirresearchesbutrather,inhavingthemexplainsomebasicbackgroundinformationorhistory.Thistypeofinformationcanbeeasilypresentedbyaseriousreporterwhohasdonehisworkproperly.此段功能此段从正反两个方面分别陈述了文章及演讲中的观点。文章认为教授上节目可以增加大众与教授们的互动学习，但演讲中驳斥道，教授在电视节目上其实并没有讲解更深刻的内容，而多是背景信息和历史等方面的讲解，