Unit8单元知识点整理牛津译林版八年级英语下册

八年级下第8单元知识点整理(上）Ilikedigginginthegarden.dig动词挖洞，沟等，现在分词digging,过去式dug,过去分词dugSomechildrenaredigginginthegarden.Lastyeartheydugfivechannels.(隧道）digout挖出；找出；digup掘地；发现Hehadtodigthecaroutofthesnow.Theyarediggingupthebasketballcourttolayanewsurface.Areyouserious?serous形容词，认真的，严肃的，在句中作定语或者表语。固定结构beseriousabout(doing)sth.对（做）某事认真。seriously严肃地，认真地，严重地Believeme,Iamserious.相信我，我是认真的。Helookedseriouswhenhewalkedin.serious形容词，严重的；重要的Shehasmadeaseriousmistakebutshedidn’trealizeit.训练题第一部分1.Thecatis_____aholeinthegarden.(挖）2.--Ihavedecidedtogiveupthejob.--________.Youshouldthinktwice.’snotthecase.B.Whatajoke!C.Guesswhat?D.Areyouserious?3.--Moreandmorepeoplearegettingsick.--Iftheproblemisso_____,weshouldtakeactiontostopitrightnow.Wecanreduceairpollutionbyridingbicycles.reduce动词，减少，降低，指重量、数目、范围、速度等减少或者降低。reduceto减少到，reduceby减少了Wemusttakestepstoreduceairpollution.Costwillbereducedbyasmuchas60%成本降低了60%之多。Wecansavetheenergybyturningoffthelightswhenweleavearoom.turnoff关上（开关）turnon打开（开关）turn动词，旋转；转动turnonthebutton=turnthebuttononTurnitoff.turnon/off都是动词+副词的结构，名词作宾语既可以放在中间，也可以放在后面。代词作宾语，只能放中间。turndown调低，拒绝turnup调高；出现turnin上交turnout生产；结果是o把......变成turnto翻到；向......求助turnover翻页；移交Whydidsheturndownyourinvitation?Ihaven’tturninSunday’shomeworkyet.Althoughweareveryworried,everythingturnedoutwell.5.Moreandmorefamiliesowncarsandthiscausesseriousairpollution.cause动词导致；造成，后接抽象名词、代词作宾语，也可以接双宾结构。causesb.sthtodosth.导致某人/某事做某事Smokingcancauselungcancer.IamafraidIwillcauseyoumuchtrouble.cause名词原因；起因thecauseof.........的原因Whatwasthecauseofthefire?Unemploymentisthecauseofthepoverty.’swiseforpeopletochoosepublictransportorridebicycles.wise形容词明智的；充满智慧的，在句中可作表语或者定语。作定语时候，可以接具体名词，也可以接抽象名词；作表语时候，后可接介词短语或者动词不定式。Toawiseperson,timeislikeadiamond.It’swiseofyoutoremainsilent.Itwasverywisetoleavewhenyoudid.wisdom名词智慧，副词wisely,明智地Ilearntmanywordsofwisdom.我学习了很多至理名言。They’veinvestedtheirmoneywisely.训练第二部分1.--It'sfoggy!I’mafraidofdrivinginsuchbadweather.--Don’tworry.Therisingsunwillquicklyr_____it.Wecan_____theTV.Nobodyiswatchingit.turnupB.turnoffC.turnonD.turndownDear,whydon’tyou______thelights?Ithoughtnobodywashome.turnoffB.turnonC.turnoutD.turndownClimatechangeis_____(造成）mailnlybyCO2intheair.Iamsohappythatyoumadea_____(明智的）decision.Theartist’s_____(wise)helpshimgofurtherontheroadtohisdream.Ournaturalresourcesarelimited.Everyoneshouldprotectthem______(明智地）.7.InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperareseparatedintodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.separate动词分开，隔开o...把......分成......被动结构beseparatedinto...被......分成......Weareseparatedinto5groups.separated...from...把......和......分开；把......和......分离Nothingcanseparatethemfromeachothernow.Forexample,wearenotallowedtocutdowntrees.Everyoneisnotallowedtosmokeinpublic.Motherdoesn’tallowustowatchTVtoolate.Schooldon’tallowsmoking.cut+down是动词+副词的结构，后面的动词常表示前面动作的结果。这类动词相当于及物动词，后面常跟宾语。当宾语是名词的时候，可以放在副词的前面或者后面。当宾语是代词的时候，只能放中间。cutdownthetrees=cutthetreesdown.cutthemdowncutdown还可以表示减少，缩减Icancutdownmyarticleifnecessary.cutacross(问题或情绪）影响到（不同群体）；抄近路cutup切碎cutout删去；停止；切下cutoff切掉，切断（电、水的供应）cutin插嘴，打断别人的说话cutthrough穿过，挤进Otherwise，wewillbepunished.publish动词，处罚，惩罚，后面直接跟宾语Wewonderwhomtheteacherisgoingtopunished.punishsb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而惩罚某人Thebosspunishhimbyreducinghissalary.Hewillbepunishedforstealingthings.Ifwedroplitterinapublicplace,wewillbefinedbythepolice.fine动词罚款，通常只用于金钱，不用于其他物资，后可接双宾语Hewasfined200dollarsTheyfinedhimfiftyyuan.fine形容词健康的；晴朗的；很好的；美好的；不错的Whatafineview!多好的景色啊！Itwillbefinetomorrow.明天是个晴天。Ifeltfinethismorning.fine名词罚金；罚款Ihavejustpaid50yuaninfines.我刚刚付了50元罚金。Wedependonitsrichresourcestolive,soitisimportantforustoprotectitwisely.depend动词依靠，依赖，指望dependon依靠；取决于，也可以写作dependupon,后接名词、代词或者从句Idon’twanttodependonanyoneanylonger.Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.Alllivingthingsdependonthesuntogrow.Thatdepends=It(all)depends.那得看情况。常用在口语里面。rich形容词丰富的，富有的，可以指某人很有钱，或指某物的储存量很大。在句中可作定语或者表语，作表语时，后面常接in+sth.,意为盛产......的；含有大量......的。Tomisrich,butheisstillhungryformoremoney.Theareaisrichinrice.OrangesarerichinVitaminC.rich形容词肥沃的；丰产的Thetreeshaverootedintherichsoil.这些树已经在肥沃的土壤里面扎根了。Thesenewtypesofenergycostveylittleandwillneverrunout.runout用光；耗尽，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。Hisstrengthranout.runout用光；耗尽，是不及物动词短语。其主语通常是某物，表示某物用光了，用主动语态表示被动的含义。runoutof用完......是及物动词短语，主语通常是人，of后面接某物，表示某人用完了某物。Mymoneyhasrunout.Hehasrunoutofblackink.Moreover,theyproducedlittleduce动词，导致，产生，后直接跟名词或者代词作宾语。Thefactoryproducesmuchduce动词，生产、制造producer名词，制造商；生产商Thefactoryproducesmanycars.Remembereveryonecandosomethingtomakeadifference.difference名词，差异，不同（之处）。固定短语：makeadifference(tosb./sth.)(对某人/某物有影响，起作用）makeabigdifferenceto对......有很大的影响，使......有很大的不同/变化；makenodifferenceto...对......没有影响/不起作用Theexamwillmakeabigdifferencetous.Itseemstomakenodifferencetoyouatall.这似乎对你来说没有什么不同。训练第三部分：’simpossibleto______(分离）JackandRose.2.Tomysurprise,Lucy’sparentsallowedher______NantongwithmeA.tovisitB.visitingC.visitsD.visit3.Animalsarelosingtheirhomesbecausepeople__________toomanytrees.(砍倒）4.--Honey，comeandhelpme_______thepictureofballoonsfromthemagazine.--OK,noproblem.A.carryoutB.workoutC.cutonD.handout5.这些孩子因为说谎而受到惩罚。（bepunishedfordoingsth.）6.Weallagreedthatthedriverwhodrivescarsafterdrinkingwineshouldbep_____.7.Thedrive